Ingqwalaselo yeengxaki zokutya
Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwengqondo kunye neengxaki ezibalulekileyo zonyango. Ukuhlonywa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi "ukutya kunye nokutya kokuphazamiseka" kwiNcwadana yokuSetyenziswa kweNgcaciso kunye neSatistim of Disabilities, I-Fifth Edition (iDSM-5) , ukuphazamiseka kwezidalwa ziimeko eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingaphazamisa kakhulu impilo kunye nentlalo. Kananjalo banezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokufa kweso sifo sengqondo.
Ngubani ochaphazelekayo?
Ngokuchasene nenkolelo eninzi, ukuphazamiseka kokutya akuchaphazeli kuphela amantombazana asetsheni.
Zenzeka kubantu bazo zonke izilwanyana, ubudala, iintlanga, iintlanga, kunye neemeko zentlalo. Nangona kunjalo, zixhaphake ngokuqhelekileyo kwiibhinqa.
Abesilisa abaxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zengxaki yokutya- ukunyaniseka kokuba nemeko ehambelana ikakhulukazi nabasifazana abavame ukubenza bafune ukufumana uncedo kunye nokufumanisa. Ukongeza koko, ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunokubonisa ngokuhlukileyo kumadoda .
Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuphazamiseka kokutya kubantwana abancinci abathandathu kunye nabadala.
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Oko Kufuneka Ukwazi Ngokuphathelele Ukuphazamiseka Kwamadoda Okuphazamisayo
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Kutheni Abanye Abantu Befumana Ukuphazamiseka Kwokutya?
Izindlela ezahlukileyo apho ukuphazamiseka kokutya kubonakaliswe kula bantu banokufaka isandla kwiimeko zabo ezingenakuqonda, kwanokuba ngabaqeqeshi.
Ngonaxa ukutya okuphazamisayo kuthintela abantu bazo zonke iintlanga, bahlala behoywa kwiindawo ezingekho mhlophe ngenxa yokunyanzelisa. Iingcamango eziphosakeleyo zokuthi ukuphazamiseka kokutya kuthintela kuphela amhlophe amabhinqa amhlophe uye waba negalelo ekungabikho koluntu unyango loluntu kwabanye-okukuphela kokhetho olufumanekayo kubantu abaninzi abahlukunyezwayo.
Kwaye, nangona kungakhange kufundwe kakuhle, kuboniswe ukuba amava okucalukana kunye nokucinezelwa phakathi kwabantu be-transgender kubangele amazinga aphezulu okutya kunye nezinye iziphazamiso phakathi kwabantu be-transgender.
Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo
- I-Binge Eating Disorder (BED), ingxaki yokutya yokutshatyalaliswa ngokutsha, ngokwenene iyona eqhelekileyo. Kubonakaliswe iziqulatho eziphindaphindiweyo zokutya ngokutya-ezichazwe njengokusetyenziswa komlinganiselo omkhulu wokutya ohamba kunye nevakalelo zokulahleka kolawulo. Itholakala kumazinga aphezulu phakathi kwabantu abakhulu besayizi yomzimba. Ukunyaniseka kwesicalulo ngokuqhelekileyo kuyinto ephazamisayo ekuphuhlisweni nasekunyangeni kwe-BED.
- I-Bulimia Nervosa (BN) iquka iziqwenga eziphindaphindiweyo zokutya okudliwayo okulandelwa yimilinganiselo yokuhlawulela- iingxaki ezenzelwe ukwenza iikhalori ezidliwe. Ezi ziphatha zibandakanya ukuhlanza, ukuzila ukudla, ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwelaxative .
- I-Anorexia Nervosa (AN) ibonakaliswe ngokutya okukhawulezileyo kokutya okukhokelela kwisisindo somzimba esincinane kunokulindelekileyo, ukwesaba ukufumana ubunzima, nokuphazamiseka komzimba. Abantu abaninzi abaqapheli ukuba i-anorexia nervosa ingafumaneka kwakhona kubantu abanezikhulu ezinkulu . Nangona i-anorexia yintlungu yokutya efumana ingqalelo kakhulu, yinto encinane kakhulu.
- Olunye uhlobo oluNgcacisiweyo lokuTya kunye nokuLazeka kweMpilo (OSFED) yinkcubeko ye-catchall equka uluhlu olubanzi lweengxaki zokutya ezibangele ukukhathazeka okukhulu kunye nokuphazamiseka kodwa azihambelani nemigaqo ekhethekileyo ye-anorexia nervosa, i-bulimia nervosa, okanye i-binge yokutya ingxaki. Abantu abafunyaniswa ukuba bane-OSFED bavame ukuziva bengavumelekanga kwaye bengakufanelekanga uncedo, okwenyaniso. I-OSFED ingaba yinto enzulu njengeminye yokuphazamiseka kokutya kwaye ingabandakanya ukuphazamiseka kokutya kwe-subclinical. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu abaninzi abaneengxaki zokutya ezincinci baya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa izifo zokutya ezipheleleyo. Iingxaki zokutya ezincinci zingaphinda zichaze isigaba abantu abaninzi abaphinda baphumelele ekuphumeni kwabo.
Ezinye izifo zokutya
- Ingxaki Yokugwema Ukukhusela (ARFID) yinkinga yokutya equka ukutya okunqongopheleyo kokungabikho kokuphazamiseka komzimba okubonakalayo kwi-anorexia nervosa.
- I-Orthorexia i-Nervosa ayikho isidlo esisemthethweni sokutya, nangona sele ithande ingqwalaselo enkulu yakutshanje njengolu xilongo olucetywayo. Kubandakanya ukunamathela kwimfundiso yokutya okunempilo ukuya kwimeko yokuba umntu abe nemiphumo yempilo, yentlalo kunye nemisebenzi.
Iimpawu
Nangona iimpawu zeengxaki ezahlukeneyo zokutya zihluka, kukho ezinye ezinokubonisa isizathu sokuphanda ngokuqhubekayo:
- Ukutshintsha kwesantya rhoqo okanye ukunyuka kakhulu
- Ukuthintela ukutya
- Ubungqina bokuhlanjululwa, ukusetyenziswa kwe-laxative okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-diuretic
- Ubukho bokutya
- Ubukho bokuzivocavoca ngokweqile
- Umzimba ombi
Akuqhelekanga kubantu abaneentsholongwane zokutya, ngakumbi abo abane-anorexia nervosa, ukuba bangakholelwa ukuba bayagula. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngu- anosognosia .
Imiba esebenzayo
Izifo zokutya zidla ngokukhawuleza kunye nezinye izifo zengqondo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhathazeka ngokuxhalabisa, kuquka:
Izixhala zokuxhalabisa ziqhelekile ngaphambili kokuqala kwesifo sokutya. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abaneentsholongwane zokutya banokuva nokudakumba kunye namanqanaba aphakamileyo kwimilinganiselo yokuphelela .
Genetics kunye neNgqongileyo
Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kukugula. Nangona singazi ngokucacileyo oko kubangele, ezinye iingcamango zikhona .
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Qonda umjikelezo wokuguqula umbhobho kwi-bulimia
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Xa Uthandwa Ngomntu Ono-Anorexia Akakholelwa Ukuba Bagula
Kubonakala ukuba ama-50 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini lomngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kwengxaki yokutya i-genetic, kodwa izityalo zodwa aziqali ukuba ngubani oza kuphuhlisa ingxaki yokutya. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa "iizakhi zithwala isibhamu, kodwa indawo leyo ibangela ukuba iqhube."
Ezinye iimeko kunye neziganeko-ezidla ngokuba zizinto "zokunciphisa izinto" -kunikezela okanye kukubangela ukuphuhliswa kokukhathazeka kokutya kulabo abanomdla. Eminye imicimbi yendalo yongqongileyo ibandakanya ukuxilwa, ukunyanyiswa, ukuxhaphazwa, ukusetyenziswa kakubi , ukugula, ukutshatyalaliswa, ukunyamezela, kunye nokuguqula ubomi. Kwakhona kuqhelekile ukusola ukuphazamiseka kokutya kwiimidiya . Kodwa ukuba amajelo ashicilele ukuphazamiseka kokutya, wonke umntu uya kuba nawo. Kufuneka ube nobuthathaka bokuzalwa kwemvelo ukuze udle ukuphazamiseka kokutya.
Ukukhathazeka kokutya kukuchaphazela njani impilo
Kungenxa yokuba ukutya kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokuqhelekileyo , ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Umntu akadingeki ukuba angaphantsi komzimba ukuze abe nemiphumo yonyango yesifo sokugula. Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kuthintela yonke inkqubo yomzimba :
- Amathambo angabuthathaka, okukhokelela kwimibandela engapheliyo.
- Ubunobomi bunokulahlekelwa bunzima, nangona oku kubonakala ngathi kubuyiselwa ngokuzaliswa okupheleleyo kunye nokuzinzileyo kunye nokutya okupheleleyo.
- Iingxaki ze-Cardiovascular problems zingase ziphuhlise ekuphenduleni kokuthintela kunye nokuhlanjululwa.
- Iingxaki zezinyo ziyimpembelelo eqhelekileyo yokuhlanza okuzenzekelayo.
Ukufumana Uncedo
Ukungenelela kwangaphambili kuhambelana nomphumo ophuculweyo, ngoko nceda ungalibali ukufuna uncedo. Ubomi bungafuneke ukuba banjwe xa ugxininisa ekuphumeni. Kwaye xa usuphilile, uya kuba sesikhundleni esingcono kakhulu ukuqonda oko ubomi obuza kubonelela. Uncedo lufumaneka kwiifom ezahlukeneyo:
- Indlela yokunyamekela. Kuqhelekile ukuba uqale unyango ngezinga eliphantsi kakhulu lononophelo kunye nenkqubela phambili kumazinga aphezulu njengoko kufuneka.
- Uzinceda. Abanye abantu abane-bulimia nervosa kunye nokutya okuxhamla ingxaki kunokuncediswa ngokweencedo okanye ukuncedisa-ngokwabo ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yonyango-yokuziphatha (CBT). Umntu usebenza ngencwadana yomsebenzi, i-manual okanye i-platform yewebhu, ukufunda nge-disorder nokuphuhlisa izakhono ukunqoba nokuyilawula. Ukuncedisa ukuxhaswa kuyaphikisana ne-anorexia nervosa.
- Ulwaphulo lweCognitive Behavioral (CBT). Iipilisi eziphambili ezifundwa ngokugqithiseleyo kubantu abadala abadla ukutya, i-CBT ibandakanya oku:
- Ukuzamekela ngephepha okanye izicelo
- Ukucwangciswa kokutya
- Ukulahla kunye nezinye iindlela
- Ukutya rhoqo
- Ukuhlengahlengiswa kwengqondo
- Ukukhangela umzimba
- Ukutya
- Umzimba wokutyhila
- Ukuphinda uthintele
- Unyango Olusekelwe Kwintsapho (FBT) . Le yonyango olulungelelwaniswa kakhulu kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo kunye neengxaki zokutya. Okubalulekileyo, intsapho iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeqela lonyango . Ngokuqhelekileyo abazali banikela ngenkxaso yokutya evumela umntu omncinci ukuba abuyele ekhaya. Elinye iqela elibalulekileyo le-FBT ligqithisa ingxaki yokutya .
- Iinyanga zonyango eziPheleleyo. Esi siqalo sokuqala sabantu abafumana unyango kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya unyango liqela leengcali ezibandakanya umgqirha, umtyholi , kunye nodokotela ogqirha. Ezinye izifo zonyango eziphambili zengxaki zokutya zabantu abadala zibandakanya unyango lweendlela zokuziphatha kunye ne- psychotherapy . Ulwaphulo lokulungisa unyango oluthile luyonyango olutsha phantsi kophando lwe-anorexia nervosa.
- Unyango olunzulu. Kwabanye abantu abafuna izinga eliphezulu lokunyamekela, unyango lufumaneka kumazinga amaninzi , kubandakanywa izigulane eziphambili, izibhedlele ezikhethiweyo, izibonelelo zokuhlala kunye nezibhedlele . Kulezi zicwangciso, unyango luhlala lubonelelwa liqela lezemfundo ezininzi.
Ukuxhasa Inkxaso
Ukuba ungumzali wengane enesifo sokutya, ke kuqiqile ukuba ufune unyango egameni labo . Ukuxhasa umntwana onenkinga yokutya ngumsebenzi onzima, kodwa kukho izibonelelo kuwe . Ukuba umhlobo wakho kunye nesifo sokutya udala, unokwenza indima ebalulekileyo ekubancedeni nabo.
Ekubeni abantu abanenkathazo yokutya badla ngokuba bengenayo ingxaki, amalungu omndeni kunye nabanye abalulekayo badlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubancedeni. Nangona ukuphulukana kwimeko yokutya kunokuba nzima kwaye ngezinye izikhathi kude, kunokwenzeka.
> Imithombo:
> Kaye, WH, Bulik, CM, Thornton, L., Barbarich, N., & Masters, K. (2004). Ukuxhatshazwa koxhalaba kunye neAnorexia kunye neBulimia Nervosa. I-American Journal ye-Psychiatry , 161 (12), 2215-2221.
> UTomas, uJJ & Schaefer, J. Uphantse u-Anorexic: Ngaba wam (okanye oMthandayo) Ulwalamano kunye nokutya kuyingxaki? (I-Nearly Effect) (iYunivithi yaseHarvard, ngo-2013).