I-Orthorexia ayibonakaliswa yiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities, I-5th Edition (DSM-5) njengesidlo sokutya esisemthethweni. Ihlala isicatshulwa esicetywayo esibangele umdla ophandwayo ngabaphandi, abaqeqeshi bezonyango, abasebenza ngeeblogi kunye noluntu, ngokukodwa njengokuba umnqweno wokutya okunempilo uye waba ngowona mkhulu.
I-Orthorexia ayikho nje i-vegganism, ukutya okungenakudla kwe-gluten, okanye ukuxabiswa ngokubanzi kokutya okunempilo.
Ngokutsho kukaDkt. Stephen Bratman, ugqirha oye waqulunqa le ngxelo ngo-1996 ukuchaza ukunyanzeliswa kokutya okunempilo ayekubonayo kwizigulane zakhe ezininzi, "Abantu banamathela kuyo nayiphi na imfundiso yokutya okunempilo ngaphandle kokufumana ingxaki yokutya (kunye i-caveat kuphela eyokutya okunjalo kufuneka inike izondlo ezifanelekileyo). "
I-Orthorexia iqala ngokuqhelekileyo njengomdla "ongenakuthathaka" ekudleni okunempilo okwenyuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okokuqala kwakukhethwa ukunyulwa kwaye umntu akakwazi ukukhetha ukuphucula imithetho yakhe. Ekugqibeleni, ukutya okuthintela komntu kuqala kuchaphazela kakubi kokubili ukusebenza kwabo kwezempilo kunye nentlalo kunye nokusebenza; Ukutya ukutya okulungileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kubandakanye ezinye izinto. Ukuzithemba komntu kuya kubambisana kakhulu ekuthobeleni ukutya kwabo okhethiweyo. Ngenxa yoko, nayiphi na ukuphambuka ekudleni kunokubangela iimvakalelo ezigqithiseleyo kunye neentloni.
UDkt. Bratman ubona ukugxekwa kokuphinda ukutya ukutya okunempilo kwaye kuba nzima kakhulu.
Imbali
Ngethuba eliqulunqa eli xesha, uDkt. Bratman wayesebenza kwilinye iyeza. Izidlo ezininzi "eziphilileyo" zithathwa njengezinye iindlela zokwenza amayeza, kodwa uDkt. Bratman waqala ukuphawula iindleko ezibalulekileyo kule ndlela.
Ezi ziquka ukuhluleka ukwabelana ngokutya nabanye; ukungakwazi ukutya ukutya kanye kanye i-ident ehlanganiswe ukutya; kunye neentloni, iintloni, kunye noloyiko oluhambelana nokulahleka ekudleni.
UDkt. Bratman waqonda ukuba kwezinye izigulane bekuya kuba neengqiqo ukuphumla ngokutya kwabo kunokuba kuphuculwe okanye kuphuculwe ukutya kwabo. Njengahlobo "lokunyanga," uDkt. Bratman wagqiba ekubeni yakhe i-disorder izigulane zakhe zijolise ekunyangeni. Waqesha umfundi waseGrike ukuba amncede akhethe igama. Igama elithi "orthorexia nervosa" lenziwe ukuba lithetha ukunyaniseka ngokutya ukutya okulungileyo; "Ortho," elithetha ngokuthe tye, "orexia," okubhekisela kwindlala, kunye ne "nervosa" echaza ukulungiswa / ukugqithisa. Wayefanisa u-anorexia nervosa.
UDkt. Bratman uthe ekuqaleni wayecinga nge-orthorexia njengendlela yokukhuthaza izigulane zakhe ukuba zikhulule izithintelo zazo, kunokuba zixilongwe. Washicilela eli thuba ngo-1997 I- Yoga Journal article - ukusuka apho yanyuswa ngokukhawuleza ngamaphephancwadi athandwayo. UDkt. Bratman ngokwakhe akayithathi ngokungathí sina. Kwakungekho emva kokupapashwa kwencwadi ehlekisayo kweso sifundo esazi ukuba "wayifumene into into enkulu." Wafunda ukuba abantu babesifa kuloo meko.
Izinto ezinobungozi ezicetywayo
UDkt. Bratman (2016, i-IAEDP) uchaze oko akukholelwayo ukuba yimiba emingcipheko ye-orthorexia:
- Ukwamukelwa komgaqo-mfundiso okhuseleyo wokutya
- Abazali ababeka ukubaluleka ngokungabalulekanga kokutya okunempilo
- Ukugula kwabantwana okubandakanya ukutya kunye / okanye imiba yokutya
- Iingxaki zonyango ezingenakuqwalaselwa yenzululwazi yonyango
- Iimpawu zokugqibelela, i-OCD, kunye nokugqithisa
- Ukoyika izifo
Uphuhliso lweeNkcazo zokuThengisa ukuCetyiswa
I-Orthorexia iNervosa yayingumxholo wesifundo sase-Italy ngo-2004, esasinika ukuthembeka ngakumbi kwimeko. Ngo-2014, iJordan Younger, ibhulogi eyaziwayo exoxwa ngokuba ne-orthorexia.
Ngeli xesha, uDkt. Bratman wanquma ukufunda nokubhala malunga nemeko awayeyiqonda kuqala. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba akukho zifundo ezithembekileyo malunga neYorrexia Nervosa ekhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubhekiselele kuBratman noDunn, "uphando lweziganeko ezikholisayo kunye nobungqina obubanzi bokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ubungqina obaneleyo ukuba uqhubeke nokuba [i-Orthorexia Nervosa] yimeko ehlukileyo."
Kwiphepha le-2016 kwiphepha lokutya Ukutya , uDkt. Bratman wabhalisa kunye noT Thom Dunn, uF.D. ziphakamisa iindlela zokuxilonga.
Criteria A
Konke oku kulandelayo:
- Ukuziphatha okunyanzelisayo kunye / okanye ukukhathalela ngokutya okuthintela ukukhuthaza impilo ephezulu
- Ukuphambiswa kweemithetho yokutya okuzimeleyo kubangela ukuba ukwesaba izifo, ukungahlambulukanga, kunye / okanye ukuziva, ukukhathazeka kunye neentloni
- Ukuthintela ukutya kwandisa ixesha kwaye kungabandakanywa ukupheliswa kwamaqela okutya kunye nokucoca. Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo kubonakala kwenzeka kodwa umnqweno wokulahlekelwa isisindo akusigxininiso.
Imigaqo B
Naluphi na oku kulandelayo:
- Ukungondleki, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esikhulu, okanye ezinye iimpembelelo zonyango ngokutya okungqongqo
- Ukuxakeka okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yentlalo, yezemfundo okanye yomsebenzi ngenxa yeenkolelo okanye ukuziphatha ngokutya okunempilo
- Ukuzimela, ubunikazi kunye nomzimba womzimba kuxhomekeka ngokukhawuleza ngokuthobela "ukutya okunempilo"
Ezinye izinto kunye neengozi zonyango
UDkt. Bratman wabika ukuba imeko ye-orthorexia isele ibonise iimpawu zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukususela ekuqaleni kokuqala. Wayebonisa ukuba umzimba uvame ukuba yingxenye yayo kunokuba ngowama-1990. Kwakhona wabika ukuba ukubandakanya ukutya okuphantsi kweekhalori kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo yokutya okunempilo ehambelana ne-orthorexia. Kwiimeko apho abantu baphumelela ukucoceka nobuncinci, kunokubakho ukungafihli phakathi kwe-anorexia nervosa kunye ne-orthorexia nervosa. I-Orthorexia inokuthi, ngezinye izihlandlo, ibe yinto efihlakeleyo ye-anorexia ngabantu ababonisa indlela eyamkelekileyo yentlalo yokuhlala esincinci. I-Orthorexia nervosa inokuwela ngaphaya kwe-bulimia nervosa kunye nokuPhepha / ukuPhepha okuKhuselekileyo kokuThengiswa kweMpilo (ARFID).
Nangona iimeko zokuziphatha (ukukhutshwa kokutya) kunye nemiphumo (ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo, ukungondleki, ukuxiliswa kunye / okanye ukuhlanjululwa) okuhambelana ne-orthorexia nervosa kunokujonga ngendlela efana ne-anorexia nervosa okanye i-bulimia nervosa, umlinganiselo ogqithisileyo ungumxholo wenkqubo yenkolelo. Izigulane ezine-orthorexia zicinga kakhulu ngempilo efanelekileyo, ukucoceka ngokomzimba, ukuqina komzimba kunye nokuphepha izifo. Ziyakuthintela ukutya okubonakalayo kungenakulungile kwaye kwamkela "ezinye izinto zokutya eziphezulu" ezibonwa nje ngokubonelela ngezibonelelo zempilo ezikhethekileyo ngokwemigaqo yabo yenkolelo malunga nento eyenza ukutya okunempilo. Ngokwahlukileyo, izigulane ezine-anorexia zijolise ngokugqithiseleyo kwisisindo kunye nokukhawulelana nokutya ngokusekelwe kwiekorikhi.
Kukho ezinye iintlukwano. Abantu badla ngokuba neentloni nge-anorexia yabo kwaye bazama ukufihla, kodwa abantu abane-orthorexia bazama ukunyanzela abanye ukuba balandele iinkolelo zempilo ezifanayo. Abo bane-anorexia badla ngokutya; abantu abane-orthorexia abayiyo (ngaphandle kokuba "ngokucoca" ngamabomu). Ekugqibeleni, xa umntu onesifo esiyingozi enyango unyango, abanalo ukuchasana ngokukodwa ngokuqinisekiswa okanye ukuxhaswa ngaphandle kweekhalori, kanti umntu onomdla we-orthorexia uya kumelana neekhemikhali kulezo zongezelelo. Oku kwahlukileyo kwiintlangano kunokubaluleka. UDkt. Bratman waphawula ukuba abaqeqeshi bezonyango abangaqondi kakuhle iinkxalabo zomntu onomdla we-orthorexia zingakhokelela ekuphulekeni ukwelashwa.
Ngenxa yokuba i-orthorexia yinkcazo ecetywayo kuphela, kukho into esingazi ngayo. Ngokomzekelo, asazi ubudlelwane bawo kwizidlo zokutya ezikhoyo, ezifana ne-anorexia nervosa, i-bulimia nervosa, i-binge yokutya ingxaki kunye ne-ARFID. Okanye asiyazi ukuba ulwalamano lwayo kunye neengxaki zokuxhalabisa. Uphando luyadingeka ukucoca ukuxilongwa, ukuchonga amazinga okukhula, ukuchonga iziganeko zobungozi, nokuphuhlisa unyango. Isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekileyo kukuphuhlisa ithuluzi lokuhlola; uphando lwemibuzo eyi-100 luphuhliso lokuvavanya nokuxilonga i-orthorexia.
Enye into esaziyo kukuba, ngenxa yokuba kungabangela ukungondleki, i-orthorexia nervosa inokuvelisa nayiphi na ingxaki zezokwelapha ezibandakanya i-anorexia nervosa kuquka ukulahleka kweemens, i-osteoporosis, kunye nokuhluleka kwentliziyo. Nangona unyango aluzange lucaciswe ngokucacileyo kwi-orthorexia, oogqirha kunye noDkt. Bratman babike ukuba unyango olunzima kwimfundiso yokutya kunye nokwakha ukutya okuguquguqukayo luye lwaphumelela kunyango lwe-orthorexia.
Ukuba wena okanye othandekayo ubonisa iimpawu ze-orthorexia, nceda ufune uncedo kwisifo sokugula ngengxaki yokugula. Njengokunye ukuphazamiseka kokutya, ukungenelela kwangethuba kwandisa ithuba lokufumana ngokupheleleyo kunye nokunciphisa imiphumo emibi.
Iingxelo:
I-Orthorexia Iza Kudala: Ixesha elidlulileyo, elikhoyo nelixa elizayo leNgcembelelo enkulu yokutya
Steven A. Bratman, MD, MPH, Jessica Setnick, MS, RD, CEDRD kunye no-Amanda Mellowspring, MS, RD, i-CEDRD
Imithombo eyongeziweyo edibeneyo iquka:
UBratman, uSteven (1997). Junkie Health Food. Yoga Journal Septemba / Oktobha: 42-50. .
Bratman, Steven (2014) Yintoni i-Orthorexia?
Bratman, Steven (2015) i-Orthorexia: IziCwangciso eziPhakamileyo
UBratman, uSteven (2015) Ngaphambili "Ukuqhaqhaza"
Bratman, Steven (2015) i-Orthorexia: Isibuyekezo
Bratman, Steven (2015) i-Orthorexia Nervosa (i-Mirror-Mirror Disorder Disorder)
UDunn, uTomas, uBratman, uSteven (2016). Kwi-orthorexia nervosa: Ukuhlaziywa kweencwadi kunye neempendulo ezicetywayo zokuxilonga. Ukutya , ii-11-17.
UMoroze, RM, Dunn, TM, Holland, JC, Yager, J., & Weintraub, P. (2015). I-Microthinking malunga ne-micronutrients: Iimeko zokutshintshwa kwezinto ezidliwayo malunga nokutya okunempilo ukuya kwi-orthorexia nervosa esecaleni "yokufa" kunye neempendulo ezicetywayo zokuxilonga. I-Psychosomatics , 56 (4), 397-403.