Ngaba i-DBT isebenzayo ekujongeni le miqathango?
Kukho ukhetho oluninzi xa ugqiba uhlobo lonyango olufuna ukufumana ingxaki yokutya. Olunye uhlobo lonyango onokuyilungiselelwa lonyango lokuziphatha ngokuchanekileyo (DBT).
I-DBT luhlobo oluthile lwenkcazo yokuziphatha kwengqondo . Yaphuhliswa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970 ngu-Marsha Linehan, Ph.D. ukunyanga abantu abazibulala ngokungaqhelekanga abanokufumana ingxaki yokuguquka komntu (BPD).
Ngoku kuyaziwa njengonyango olukhethiweyo kuluntu. Ukongeza, uphando lubonise ukuba lusebenza ngoluhlu lwezinye iingxaki zengqondo kubandakanya ukuxhomekeka kwezinto, ukuxinezeleka, ukuphazamiseka kwesifo sengxaki (post-traumatic disorder disorder), kunye nokukhathazeka kokutya .
Igama elithi "i-dialectical" lithetha ukuba kwi-DBT, i-therapists kunye nabaxumi bazama kanzima ukulungelelanisa utshintsho kunye nokwamukelwa, amabini amabini okanye izicwangciso ezichasayo. Ngokomzekelo, xa uphantsi kweyonyango yokuziphatha , u-ophaphaza wakho uza kusebenza nawe ukuze uzimkele ngokwakho, kwaye ukhuthazwa ukuba utshintshe.
I-DBT idinga izixhobo ezihlanu
Unyango olupheleleyo lwe-DBT lufuna izinto ezinhlanu:
1) Uqeqesho lweZakhono zeDBT
Uqeqesho lwezakhono ze-DBT luvame ukuvela kwifomathi yeqela eqhutywa njengeklasi apho iikhokeli zeqela zifundisa izakhono zokuziphatha kwaye zinike umsebenzi wesikolo. Umsebenzi wesikolo unceda abathengi basebenzise ukusebenzisa izakhono kwimpilo yabo yemihla ngemihla.
Amaqela adibana rhoqo ngeveki, kwaye kuthatha iiveki ezingama-24 ukufikelela kwikharityhulam yezakhono ezipheleleyo.
Uqeqesho lwezakhono luqukethe iimodyuli ezine:
- Ingqiqo: umgangatho wokwazi ngokugcwele kwaye ukhona ngexesha
- Ukunyamezela: Ukunyamezela njani iimvakalelo ezinzima
- Ukusebenza ngokubambisana: indlela yokubonakalisa iimfuno zomntu kunye nokubeka imida ukudala ubudlelwane obuhle
- Ummiselo womzwelo: indlela yokutshintsha iimvakalelo ofuna ukuzitshintsha
2) Ulwabiwo ngamnye
I-DBT yonyango lugxile ekwandiseni ukukhuthazwa kwabaxhasi kunye nokunceda abathengi ukuba basebenzise izakhono kwimingeni kunye neemeko ebomini babo. Ulwaphulo lomntu ngamnye luhlala luyenzeka kanye ngeveki ixesha elide nje ukuba umxhasi ayeza kunyango, kwaye iqhuba ngokufanayo kunye noqeqesho lwezakhono zeDBT.
3) UkuQinisekisa ukuQinisekisa ukuPhathwa kweZakhono
I-DBT isebenzisa i-coaching coaching ukubonelela ngenkxaso-ngexesha. Injongo kukuqeqesha abathengi ukuba basebenzise izakhono zabo zeDBT ukuhlangabezana kakuhle neemeko ezinzima ezivela kwimpilo yabo yemihla ngemihla. Abaxhasi banokubiza umnxeba ngamnye phakathi kweeseshoni ukufumana uqeqesho kumaxesha apho bafuna uncedo.
4) Ukwakhiwa kweNdalo kunye noLawulo lweNkundla
Izicwangciso zokulawula iimeko zisiza umxhasi ukuba afunde ukulawula ubomi bakhe, njengendawo yokuhlala kunye neentlalo.
5) Iqela le-DBT yokubonisana neNkxaso kwi-Therapist
Iqela leqhagamshelwano le-DBT linikela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kumaqela athile ahlukeneyo anika iinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-DBT, kuquka nabagqirha ngabanye, iinkokeli zeqela loqeqesho lwezakhono, abaphathi beefayili kunye nabanye abanceda ukuphatha umxhasi okanye isigulane.
Ezinye iifomu zeDBT
Kwakhona baninzi abaphengululi abasebenzisa izakhono ze-DBT kwonyango ngalinye ngabathengi. Abanye abaphengululi banokuthi banikeze iqela lokuqeqesha izakhono ze-DBT. Nangona kunjalo, nayiphi na yalezi zixhobo zodwa aziyinyani okanye i-DBT yonyango ngokupheleleyo. Ezi zinto zodwa zonyango lwe-DBT zisenokuba luncedo kodwa zingabi luncedo njengoko zifumana zonke iinkalo ezihlanu zonyango. Ukunyanga kwendlela yokuziphatha yokuziphatha kakubi kwenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwizicwangciso zonyango zokuhlala kunye nezigulane.
Ngaba Ulwaphulo Lokuziphatha Olusebenzayo Lusebenza Ngeengxaki Zokutya?
Nangona ukwelashwa kwengqondo-yokuziphatha (CBT) kuqinisekisile ukusebenza kwizigulane ezininzi ezineengxaki zokutya kwaye zivame ukucetyiswa njengoluhlu lokuqala lweyeza, alusebenzi kuwo wonke umntu.
Oku kuye kwabangela abaphandi ukuba bafune ezinye iindlela zokwenza izigulane ezingaphenduli kwi-CBT. Iingcali kwiingxaki zokutya ezifunde nge-DBT, zenza umzekelo phakathi komsebenzi wokuphazamiseka kokutya kwezigulane kunye nokusebenza kokuzilimaza kwimigulane yabantu. Zombini iintlobo zokuziphatha zivame ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza iimvakalelo ezimbi. Ngaloo ndlela, ukufundisa izigulane indlela yokulawula nokulawula ithintelo.
Iziphumo zithembise njengoko unyango lubonakala lusebenzayo ekunciphiseni okanye ukuyeka ukuziphatha okuyingxaki ekudleni izifo. Nangona kunjalo, ininzi yophando eyenziwe ayiqhathanisi unyango lwendlela yokuziphatha kolunye unyango (okanye akukho nonyango naluphi na olupheleleyo). Uphononongo olulodwa olulinganisa iDBT kwindlela yokwenza utyando oluxhamlayo kwiqela lokutya lokutya lokutya lokutya okuninzi alufumananga ukungafani okwenene-zombini unyango lusebenza ngokulinganayo.
Uninzi lwezifundo ezenziwe ngonyango lwendlela yokuziphatha lukhangele ekuphatheni abantu abaneengxaki zokutya ezidliwayo kunye ne-bulimia nervosa, kungekhona i- anorexia nervosa .
Ngubani omele azame ukunyanga kwamayeza?
Njengoko uphando lwangoku kwi-dialectical behavior and the disorders, luya kuba luncedo kakhulu kubantu abaneengxaki zokugula ngenxa yokugula. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba luncedo kubaxhasi abahluphekileyo ngenxa yokukhathazeka komntu kunye / okanye iimvakalelo ezinzulu ngaphezu kweso sifo sokutya. I-DBT ixhaphake kakhulu, ixabiso elininzi, kunye nexesha elide kunonyango olulandelayo lwezonyango ezifana ne-CBT, kwaye ngoko aqhelekanga lisetyenziswa njengonyango lokuqala. Kungaba lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwizigulane ezingakhange zenze ngcono nge-CBT okanye ezinye i-psychotherapies, kwaye ngubani olwa nomdla wokutya ngokugqithiseleyo iziganeko ezicacileyo ezibangelwa yimvakalelo engalunganga.
Uqeqesho lwezakhono ze-DBT lunokuba yonyango olufanelekileyo lokunyanga kwonyango ngamnye ngokutya kokutya.
Isicatshulwa esihle sezakhono ezithile zeDBT ezinokuba luncedo kulabo abanenkinga zifumaneka kule ncwadi ye-intanethi.
Imithombo:
Bankoff SM et al. Ukuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwonyango yokuziphatha ngokwemizila yokunyanga kweengxaki zokutya. Iingxaki zokutya. 2012; 20 (3): 196-215.
> Ekhuselekileyo, uDebra L. 2015. "I-Treatment Dialectical Behavior (DBT) yokudliwayo kokutya." Kwi-Encyclopedia of Feeding and Eating Disorders, ehlelwe nguTracey Wade, 1-7. Springer yaseSingapore. http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-981-287-087-2_77-1.
> Ukhuselekileyo, uDebra L., Christy F. Telch, no-Eunice Chen, 2009. Ulwaphulo lokuziphatha ngokuxhomekeka kwi-Binge yokutya kunye neBulimia. Guilford Press.
Ukhuseleko, iDL, uRobinson, AH, noJo, B. 2010. Isiphumo esivela kuvavanyo olulawulwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo lwamaqhinga okutywala ukutya: Ukuthelekisa unyango lwendlela yokuziphatha olulungele ukutya ngokuxhamla kwiqela elithelekisayo lonyango. Unyango lwezonyango, 41, 106-120.
U-Wisniewski, uL. & Kelly, E. 2003. Ukusetyenziswa kwonyango yokuziphatha ngokuchanekileyo ekunyangeni ukuphazamiseka kokutya. Indlela yokuCocnitive and Practice Practice , 10, 131-138.