Kwimijikelezo yophando lotywala, yaziwa ngokuba yi-J. Ibonisa ukuhlukana kobudlelwane phakathi kwamaxabiso okufa kwabangewona basele, abaphuza ngokulinganiselayo kunye nabaphuza kakhulu.
Kwiinkalo eziliqela kwiminyaka, abaphuzi abasebenzisayo bavelise umngcipheko wokufa kwabantu kunokuba bahlaseli ubomi, ngelixa abaphuza kakhulu bebonisa ukuba izinga eliphezulu lokufa kwabantu bobabini ngamanye amaqela.
Ukuba utshatile amaxabiso okufa kwamaqela kunye nomlinganiselo ukusuka kwabangewona abaphuzayo ngasekhohlo, ukuza kutywala abaphuza iziyobisi, isatifiketi esibangelwayo iya kubonakala ngathi incwadi "J."
Iimiphumo zeMpilo zoKhuselwa koTywala?
Into echazwe ngetshathi ebonisa ukuba yimpembelelo yempilo yokukhusela yokusetyenziswa kotywala ngokulinganayo, ngakumbi xa utshatywala yiwayini elibomvu. Oku bekukhokelela abanye abaphandi ukuba bacacise ukuba ingaba ezinye izithako kwiwayini elibomvu-ngokukhethekileyo i-resveratrol-ephethe iintlawulo zezempilo, kunokuba utywala ngokwayo.
Kungakhathaliseki, apha kwi-.com Alcoholism site, asizange sichaze ngaluphi na uphando olubonisa nayiphi na into ebalulekileyo yokusela utywala. Emva koko, yindawo yokusela utywala, kungekhona indawo yokusela utywala. Asifuni ukukhuthaza umntu okwangoku angaphuzi ukuthatha umkhwa.
Akukho Mphumo woKhusela kwabaNnyama
Ngaphandle koko, kukho ezinye izifundo eziphikisanayo nokufunyaniswa kwemiphumo yempilo ekhuselekileyo yokusetyenziswa kotywala ngokulinganayo .
Olunye uphando olunjalo lufumanise ngokucacileyo ukuba loo miphumo ayizuzekanga kubo bonke, ngokukodwa abaphuza base-Afrika nabaseMelika.
Abaphandi beYunivesithi yaseBuffalo, ukuhlola iindlela zokusela kunye nokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-2 000 aseMerika-iminyaka engama-20 ubudala, bafumanisa ukuba abantu abamnyama abanakho iimpembelelo zezempilo ezikhuselayo ezibangelwa ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngokulinganisela.
Ayikho i-J-Shaped Curve kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika
Utsho uChristopher T. Sempos, uprofesa kunye nomqondisi wezifundo ezigqityiweyo kwisebe lezentlalo kunye nokukhusela iYunivesithi yaseBuffalo. "Okubalulekileyo, oko kusixelela kukuba uhlobo oluthile lokusela luncedo kwimpilo."
"Esi sifundo sethu, nangona kunjalo, le ntle ngempumelelo ayizange ifumaneke kuma-Afrika-aseMelika, nangona xa usebenzisa isifundo esifanayo apho igalelo eliye lafunyanwa ngabamhlophe," kusho uSempos.
UkuNxila kwamanzi okuTywala kungenza umyinge '
Abaphengululi beBuffalo bakholelwa ukuba umzekelo wokusela kunye nokukhethwa kweentlobo zotywala ezigqityiweyo ezibangela ukungabikho kwezibonelelo zokuphuza ngokunyanisekileyo kwabamnyama.
"Sikholelwa ukuba iipatheni zokusela - oko kukuthi, indlela yokusela kotywala - uchaza umahluko phakathi kwamaAfrika-aseMelika nabamhlophe. Ngokomzekelo, umntu unokufumana umthamo olinganiselayo wokusela ngokuphindaphindiweyo okanye kabini ngeveki."
Abaphandi babuyela kwiziphumo ezivela kwi-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey eqokelele idatha esuka kuma-14,407 abadala abaneminyaka engama-25 ukuya kuma-75 ubudala phakathi neminyaka ukususela ngo-1971 ukuya ku-1975, kunye nokuhlola okulandelwayo kumanqanaba amane afikelela ngo-1992.
Ukusela iziThamo eziPhambili kwiSeshoni
Isifundo se-NHANES Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (i-NHEFS) esineenkcukacha ze-20 zokulandelelana. Abaphengululi beBuffalo bahlola idatha esuka kuma-2,054 aseMerika-aseMerika - amadoda angama-768 kunye nabafazi abayi-1,286.
"Olu pho nononongo lubonisa ngokucacileyo ukungabikho kwempembelelo ekukhuselweni kwindlela ephantsi yokusetyenziswa kwisampula enkulu yabantu base-Afrika baseMerika abalandela ixesha elide lokulandeleka kwexesha elide," kutsho uTom Greenfield, umlawuli weziko kwi-Alcohol Research Group. "Ngenxa yokuba isiphumo sokukhusela i-J-shaped mortality curve ibonakala kwi-NHANES / NHEFS efanayo ekufundeni abaphenduli abamhlophe, ukungabikho kwezi mpawu kuma-Afrika aseMerika."
Uphando lwafumanisa ukuba abaninzi abantu base-Afrika baseMelika batywala kangangoko kunamhlophe, kodwa badla ngokusela xa bephuza, xa kuthelekiswa nabadlali abamhlophe kwisifundo esifanayo.
Iintlobo zeeNkcubeko eziHlangeneyo zoTywala
Abaphandi bathi zonke iziyobisi zinomngcipheko ofanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni utywala, kuba umxholo we-ethanol unye. Kodwa, bathi, kukho ukungafani kwenkcubeko kwindlela ezinye iintlobo zotywala zidliwe.
"Umzekelo," u-Sempos uthe, "Iwayini elivini livame ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokutya rhoqo." Nangona isitya esingaqhelekanga ngaphandle kwesidlo, kunjalo ke, utywala obufanayo lunokuba yingozi kakhulu. "
Inene, isiselo esinjalo sokuphuza asinaso iziphumo zempilo enenzuzo.Siyazi ukuba abantu base-Afrika baseMerika banxila ngakumbi kunama-white okanye ama-Hispanics. Ukongeza, kwezinye iinqutyana, njengalezo zentlalo ezihlelelekileyo, iintlobo ezizodwa zeziphuzo ezinjengeMalt Ubutywala obuza kubukhulu obukhulu bokukhonza. "
Akukho Nciphiso lokuTywala okuTywayo
Ngexesha lama-1980 ukuya ngasekuqaleni kwee-1990, i-United States yabona oko abaphandi babibiza ngokuthi "ukuma" kwimeko apho rhoqo, ukusela kakhulu kunqabileyo phakathi kwabantu abesibini nabasetyhini. Umgangatho onjalo wehla wawungabonakali phakathi kwamnyama kunye nama-Hispanics.
Ezinye iziphumo ziye zafumanisa ukuba abantu abamnyama kunye nama-Hispanics abandezeleka ngemiphumo yezikhupha ezininzi kunye nemveliso ephezulu yokunxiliswa kotywala, edibene ngokuthe ngqo kwimibutho yabo , edibaniswe namazinga aphezulu e-cirrhosis phakathi kwala maqela, xa kuthelekiswa nabamhlophe.
Gxininisa kumaphethini okusela
Abaphandi beCandelo loPhando lwe-Alcohol bacebisa ukuba iinzame zokuthintela ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa kotywala kunokusetyenziswa kwamanzi.
Uthi iGreenfield, "Kwababantu base-Afrika-baseMerika," kufuneka siphuhlise iindlela zokungenelela ezinobungqina, imilayezo yempilo kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokuthintela eziza kuqinisa ukwamkelwa kwamanzi kwiincinci ezincinci ngeli gxi ninisa imiphumo yezempilo kunye neentlalo zokusela kakhulu. "U
Umthombo:
Sempos, CT, et al. "Umyinge womthamo wokuTywala kotywala kunye neNkcazo yokufa kwabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika: Iqela le-NHEFS." Utywala: Uphando lwezonyango kunye noPhando ngoFebruwari 2003