Funda amaZiko uze ufumane Uncedo
Nangona ucinga nje ukuba yizifo zesibini kuphela, ukuphazamiseka kokutya kuyaziwa ukuxhatshaza abantu bazo zonke izilwanyana. Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kufunyanwe kwizintlu zabantu bonke ubudala ukusuka kubantwana ukuya kubantu abadala.
Abaphandi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba izidlo zesidlo esizibonayo namhlanje ziyi-tip of iceberg. Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kwindoda akuzange kuthatyathwe ingqalelo kwaze kwangoku ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezibandakanya:
- Ukungabikho kwamadoda kwiphando malunga neengxaki zokutya
- Ukungabikho kokuqaphela ukutya kweempawu zengxaki ngamadoda kunye namalungu entsapho
- I-Bias ngabaqeqeshi abakhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuxilongwa kwezifo ezixilongwa kumadoda
- I-Stigma edibene nabesilisa abafuna uncedo kulokho kubonwe ngokugqithiseleyo ukugula kwabesifazane
- Ukukhutshwa kwamadoda ngokutya izifo zonyango
- Ukutshatyalaliswa ngokukrakra kwezilwanyana zokutya izifo zonyango (umzekelo, i-decor-dominated decor décor, akukho mfanekiso wesintu kwiiwebhusayithi kunye nezinto zokuthengisa)
- Ukuphazamiseka kokutya okubonisa iimpawu ezahlukileyo kumadoda kunabesifazane
- Ukuqaphela okwaneleyo ukuziphatha kwezidalwa zokutya kwezidalwa kwimeko yokuhlola izifo zengxaki
Imbali
Kwakuqala ukuphazamiseka kokutya kwabantu besilisa ngo-1689, xa ugqirha waseNgesi uRichard Morton uchaza iimeko ezimbini "zokutya," kwesinye isigulane. Ngowe-1874, u-Ernest Charles Lasegue noSir William Gull benza ezinye iingxelo zendoda nge-anorexia nervosa.
Emva kwezi zihlandlo zokuqala, izidalwa ezinokukhathazeka kokutya zahlulwa, zithi "ziqhathaniswa," kwaye zikhohliwe ngowe-1972 xa uPeter Beaumont kunye noogxa bafunda i-anorexia nervosa kwizifundo zendoda. Kuze kube kutshanje, amadoda ayengabandakanywa kwiinkalo ezininzi zophando ezikhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweendlela zokuxilonga kunye nokunyanga kweengxaki zokutya.
Ngaphantsi kwe-1 pesenti yazo zonke izidlo zophando lweengxaki zijolise ngqo kubesilisa.
Ngenxa yoko, ukuphazamiseka kokutya kuye kwajongwa ngetensi yowesifazane. Ngaphantsi kweNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities-IV-TR (ngoku kude kube ngowama-2013) , enye imfuno ebalulekileyo yokuxilongwa kwe-anorexia yayingu- amenorrhea - ukulahleka kwexesha lokuya esikhathini. Amadoda ayengakwazi ukufumana isifo se-anorexia nervosa. Khawucinge ukuba - awukwazi ukufunyanwa ngenxa yezinto ezingenakwenzeka!
Ukukhula
Ucwaningo olucatshulwe ngokubanzi lubonisa ukuba abesilisa banesifo esiphathelene ne-0.3 yeepesenti ye- anorexia nervosa , i-0.5 ekhulwini ye- bulimia nervosa , kunye ne-2.0 ekhulwini yokutya ukutya .
Inani leentsholongwane ezidliwayo zizifo eziduna aziwazanga. Izibalo ezidala zikhankanya iipesenti ezili-10, kodwa ngenxa yokungafuni kwamadoda ngokukhathazeka kokutya ukuvuma ukuba baneengxaki kunye nokungakwazi ukuphanda ukumbamba izidlo zesintu, ezininzi iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ziphezulu. Uqikelelo olutshanje luchaza naphi na kwipesenti ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-25 ekhulwini labantu abaphethwe yintlungu yokutya. Umbutho weSizwe weMaduna kunye neengxaki zokutya uqikelela ukuba iipesenti ezingama-25 ukuya kuma-40 zabantu abaneengxaki zokutya ziyabesilisa.
Phakathi kokutya kweengxaki zokuxilonga, abafana banamalungu amaninzi ekudleni ukutya kunye nokugwema ingxaki yokuThengisa ukutya (ARFID) . Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zalabo bantu banomdla wokutya ngokuxhamla. Kwisifundo esinye sabantwana kwintsapho ye-gastroenterology inethiwekhi engama-67 ekhulwini abo bafumene i-ARFID babesilisa.
Iimbonakalo
Kukho iintlukwano ezinkulu phakathi kwendoda kunye nabasetyhini bedla ingxubusho yeengxaki. Izidalwa ezineengxaki zokutya zihlala zikhulile, zinamazinga amaninzi kwezinye iingxaki zengqondo (ezifana nokuxhalaba, ukuxinezeleka, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa), kwaye zibandakanyeke ekuziphatheni okuzibulala kunokuzibhinqa ezineengxaki zokutya.
Abesilisa abaneengxaki zokutya banomlinganiselo ophezulu wokuba bebekhulu kakhulu. Amadoda akakwazi ukubandakanya ukuziphatha ngokucoca kunye nokusebenzisa umzimba njengomsebenzi wokuhlawula . Ekugqibeleni, ngenxa yehlazo, abesilisa abanako ukufumana unyango . Xa besenza, ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokugula ixesha elide kwaye banokuthi bagule kwaye banokugxininiswa kwimiba yabo.
Abanye abaphandi banqwenela ukuba inkcazo eqhelekileyo yokutya kwezidalwa kumadoda kukutya okuxhatshazwayo okuxhatshazwayo kumzimba okanye isifo se-muscular dysmorphia, okokuqala kuthiwa yi- anorexia ephindaphindiweyo kwaye ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yi- bigorexia . I-dysmorphia ye-muscle okwangoku ikwahlula ngokwahlukileyo njengoluhlobo lomzimba dysmorphia, olo luhlobo lwengxaki yokunyanzelisa.
Kwi-muscle dysmorphia, uhlobo lomzimba olufunayo alugcini nje njengoko sibona kwindlovukazi ye-anorexia yendabuko, kodwa ikhudlwana kwaye i-muscular. Oku kuhambelana nombono wendabuko womntu womzimba onobuhle. Uphawu olubalulekileyo lwe-muscle dysmorphia luyiko lokungabi sisisulu ngokwaneleyo. Iziganeko ezinxulumene neempawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukusetyenziswa ngokunyanzeliswayo, ukutya okuphazamisekile okubonakaliswe ukuxhaswa kwamaprotheni kunye nokuthintela ukutya, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye i-steroids. Ikwaquka kwakhona izigaba ezihlukeneyo kunye nokunye njengoko abantu behlalisa phakathi kokutya kokuqala ukunyusa isisulu baze banciphise amanqindi omzimba.
Abaphandi baye baphawula "ukutya ukutya," kulungiselelwe ukutya okuphezulu kwekhalori, ekusebenzeni kwalo mzimba. Njengoko kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ezibonakalayo kwiinkcazo eziqhelekileyo zentlobo yesifo sokuphazamiseka kokutya, ezi ziphathekayo nazo zineengozi ezinkulu zonyango. Nangona kunjalo, bahlala bebaleka phantsi kwe-radar njengoko bavame ukukholelwa ukuba baziphethe kakuhle. Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba amaninzi angama-53 ekhulwini abakhi bomzimba abanokhuphiswano banokuba ne-muscular dysmorphia.
Ukwaziswa ngezesondo
Inkolelo kukuba abaninzi abantu besifo abaneengxaki zokutya bayangqingili. Uvavanyo olusoloko lukhankanywe ngo-2007 lubonise ipesenti ephezulu yongqingili kunabesilisa abathandanayo kunye noxilongo lwe-anorexia nervosa. Ngokusekelwe kulolu cwaningo, kuye kwacingelwa ukuba isigulane esinesigulo esinesidlo sinokuthi sisengqingili.
Ngelixa kunokubakho ukutya okuninzi ngakumbi kwindoda yesilisa engama-gay, abaninzi abantu besilisa abaneengxaki zokutya baxhatshazwa ngokwesini. Olunye uphando lufumene unxibelelwano oluncinane phakathi kokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo kunye neemeko zokuphazamiseka kokutya. Kunoko, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuxhamla phakathi kokuchongwa kwesini kunye nokuchazwa kwesifo sengxaki: abo bantu abachonga ngeendlela zesini zesini babenokuba neengxaki zomzimba ezincinci, ngelixa abo bachonga ngeendlela ezininzi zamadoda baxhomekeke ekukhathazeni izixhala.
U vavanyo
Zonke izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuphazamiseka kokutya zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kunye namabhinqa. Ngenxa yoko, abanako ukuchonga ngokwaneleyo ukukhathazeka kokutya kwindoda. Ngokomzekelo, i-Disaster Management Disventers Inventory ibandakanya into, "Ndicinga ukuba amathanga am aphezulu kakhulu." Le nto ayinakwamkelwa kakhulu ngamadoda kuba ayibonakalisi imiba yomzimba.
UkuHlola okuPhuhliweyo kweziNdlu zeMaduna, isixhobo sokuhlola esithile, (EDAM), iphantsi kophuhliso. Into ehambelana nento ye-EDI ngasentla ingathabatha ifom ye, "Ndiyicinga umzimba wam ngamaxesha amaninzi ngemini," - i-orientation engaphezulu kwizinto eziphathekayo zesintu. Ukufumaneka kwezixhobo ezintsha ezifana ne-EDAM kufuneka kuncede amadoda amaninzi afumaneke ngokufanelekileyo.
Unyango
Okwangoku akukho nonyango oluthile lokutya kwezidlo. Xa abesilisa befakiwe kwizifundo, babonakala bephendula kakuhle kwiinkqubo ezifanayo eziye zaphumelela kubafazi abaneengxaki zokutya, ngokukodwa ukhathalelo lwengqondo yokuziphatha kwabantu abadala kunye nosapho olusisiseko (FBT) kwabaselula kunye nabantu abadala. I-FBT iphinde isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwi-teenager muscle dysmorphia. Ukunyangwa okunjalo kunokugxininisa ngakumbi ekunciphiseni ukunyanzeliswa nokukhusela ukungena kweeprotheni ngokweqile kunokuba uzuze ubunzima.
Ukonyango kwezigulane zendoda kufuneka zijongane nehlazo lokubonwa kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yintlungu yesetyhini. Unyango kunye nabesilisa ngokugqithiseleyo ugxininise ngakumbi ekujonganeni nomsebenzi, odla ngokubakho uphawu lokuqala ukuza kuthi ugcine ukugqithisa.
ILizwi
Ukuba wena okanye umntu omkhathalelayo yindoda enenkinga yokutya, unganqikazi ukufuna uncedo. Nangona ukuzama ukufumana uncedo kunokubonakala kunkwantya, kuyisinyathelo esibalulekileyo sokuqala ukulwa neengxaki ezingaphathwa. Kukho imibutho ejongene nesini, njengoMbutho weSizwe weMaduna kunye neengxaki zokutya kunye ne-Men Ukufumana ukuphazamiseka kokutya, oku kunokukunceda.
> Imithombo:
> Eddy, uKamryn T., uJennifer J. Thomas, uElizabeth Hastings, uKatherine Edkins, uEvan Lamont, uCainlin M. Nevins, uRebcca M. Patterson, uHelen B. Murray, uRachel Bryant-Waugh no-Anne E. Becker. 2015. "Ukuxhaphaka kwe-DSM-5 Ukugwema ingxaki yokuThengiswa kweNtlobo kwi-Gastroenterology Healthcare Network". I-International Journal Yokudliwayo kokutya 48 (5): 464-70. i-doi: 10.1002 / idle.22350.
> Hudson, uJames I., uEva Hiripi, uHarrison G. Pope noRonald C. Kessler. 2007. "I-Prevalence and Correlates yokuphazamiseka kokutya kwi-National Comorbidity Survey Replication." I-Biological Psychiatry 61 (3): 348-58. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.biopsych.2006.03.040.
> Lavender, uJason M., uTiffany A. Brown, kunye noStuart B. Murray. 2017. "Amadoda, iMiscle, kunye neengxaki zokutya: Inkcazo yeMveli kunye ne-Muscularity-Oriented Disordered Eating." Iingxelo zengqondo zengqondo 19 (6): 32. i-doi: 10.1007 / s11920-017-0787-5.
> Murray, Stuart B., Elizabeth Rieger, uStephen W. Touyz, kunye noYolanda De la Garza García Lic. 2010. "I-Dysmorphia yeMiscle kunye ne-DSM-V Conundrum: Kuphi? Iphepha lokuHlola. "I-International Journal Yokudliwayo kokutya 43 (6): 483-91. i-doi: 10.1002 / idle.20828.
> Ukumnandi, uHelen, uLaura Walker, uAlice MacLean, uChris Patterson, Ulla Räisänen, kunye noKate Hunt. 2015. "Ukuxhaphaka kweengxaki zokutya kwezidoda: Ukuhlaziywa kweeRhafu ezichazwe kuPhando loPhando kunye ne-UK Mass Media." I- International Journal of Health Men (2). i-doi: 10.3149 / jmh.1402.86.