Ukusuka kwiSibhedlele ukuya kuPhepha
Unyango lweengxaki zokutya luyinkimbinkimbi. Akunjalo kuphela unyango olubandakanya ababoneleli abaninzi (ugqirha wezonyango, u-psychotherapist, umgcini wezondlo zokutya, kunye nesifo sengqondo, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezinokwenzeka), kodwa inkqubo yaseUnited States inesimo samanqanaba okunyamekela okuhlukileyo ekudleni izifo.
Amanqanaba okunyamekela avela kwiinkoliso ezininzi ukuya kwiindawo ezincinci zilandelayo:
- Ulwabhedlele lwezonyango luyinkathazo yeeyure ezingama-24 kwisibhedlele sezonyango. Oku kuqhelekileyo kwizigulane ezingenasisigxina sezonyango kwaye zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezonyango ezijikelezayo, ezinokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, izifo zethubhu kunye nokujonga rhoqo imiqondiso ebalulekileyo.
- Unyango lwe-Residential Treatment (RTC) lubonelela ngononophelo lweeyure ezingama-24 kwabo bahlala bezinzileyo kodwa bafuna ukulawulwa kweeyure kunye nokutya.
- Isibhedlele esisodwa (i-PHP) sivumela isiguli ukuba silale ekhaya kwaye siye kwiziko lempilo emini. Abantu ngabanye bangaba khona kwinkqubo ubuncinci beentsuku ezintlanu ngeveki ngamaxesha amaninzi ukusuka kwiiyure ezintandathu ukuya kwi-11 ngosuku. Uninzi lwezidlo zenzeka kwiziko lonyango, kodwa isiguli sinokutya ekhaya.
- Uphulo olunzulu lwezonyango (IOP) ngokuqhelekileyo lubandakanya iiyure ezintathu zeprogram ezimbini kwiintsuku ezintathu ngeveki. Kulo nqanaba lononophelo, umxhasi uhlala ekhaya kwaye uhlala ekwazi ukusebenza okanye ukuya esikolweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo isidlo esinye okanye ukutyelela ngokutyelela ngenye inxalenye yonyango.
- Uphulo lwangaphandle luquka rhoqo iintlanganiso kanye okanye kabini ngeveki kunye ne-orrapist kunye / okanye i- dietitian .
Umbutho we-American Psychiatric Association (APA) uququzelele izikhokelo zamanqanaba athile enonophelo. Izikhokelo ze-APA zithetha:
Ekuqaliseni izinga lokunyamekela kwimeko yesigulane okanye ukuba utshintsho kwizinga elithile lokunyamekela lifanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imeko yesigulane yesimo somzimba, i-psychology, ukuziphatha, kunye neemeko zentlalo kunokuba zithembele kwimiqobo ethile okanye ngaphezulu, njengobunzima.
Le yimizamo ethile yokuhambisa ubunzima obudlulileyo kukuba iyona nto inqununu yezinga lokunyamekela, eliye lidla njalo.
I-APA inikeza isatifiketi esichaza imigaqo-nkqubo ephakanyisiweyo kwinqanaba ngalinye lokunyamekela. Ezi ndlela ziquka ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Isimo sezonyango
- Ukuzibulala
- Isisindo (njengepesenteji yesisindo somzimba)
- Injongo yokufumana kwakhona, kuquka ukusebenzisana, ukuqonda, kunye nokukwazi ukulawula iingcamango ezingapheliyo
- Iziphazamiso ezibandakanyekayo, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ukudandatheka kunye nokuxhalabisa
- Ulwakhiwo olufunekayo lokutya nokufumana ubunzima
- Ikhono lokulawula ukunyanzelisa umzimba
Iimbono ezininzi zinceda ekuqinisekiseni izinga lokunyanga elifanelekileyo lomntu. Unyango kufuneka uqalise ngezinga lokunyamekela okufunekayo ukulawula iimpawu kwaye unikeze isilungiselelo sokonyango esona siphumelelo sokuphucula ngempumelelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye mhlawumbi, izigulane ezineempawu ezinzima ziqala unyango kumazinga aphezulu okunyamekela kwaye ngokukhawuleza zenyuka ukuya kumazinga aphantsi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, xa izixhobo zonyango zinyanzelisiwe, abaphandi abaninzi kunye nabaqeqeshi bezobuchwephetha baxhasa "indlela yokunyamekela" indlela kwabo bahlala bezinzileyo. Kwindlela yokunyamekela, inqanaba elincinci lokungenelela lizama kuqala kwaye ukuba izigulane zingaphuculanga ziye zaphakanyiswa kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokunyamekela.
Kwiindlela zokunyamekela, inqanaba elingaphantsi loncedo lingaba luncedo okanye lukhokelo lwenkxaso.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko apho umntu engagqirha emzimbeni, kwaye kwiimeko ze-anorexia nervosa, unyango alufanele luqale ngokuncedisa okanye ukuzinceda. Uncedo lobugcisa lufunekayo ukulawula ubunzima beengxaki.
Ekugqibeleni, iinkampani ezininzi ze-inshorensi, ngokukodwa ziqhutywa yinkxalabo yeendleko, zikho izikhokelo zazo kwaye zinokunyanzelisa umgangatho wonyango apho isiguli singena khona.
Nangona zonke izinto ezikhankanywe ngaphambili-kwakunye nokufumaneka kwonyango kunye ne-inshurensi-kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, kukho izikhokelo eziqhelekileyo kumanqanaba athile enonophelo:
KwiSibhedlele seZonyango
Izigulane zingathatha unyango okanye zidluliselwe kwisifo sengqondo ukuba kukho naziphi ezi zilandelayo:
- isantya senhliziyo engaqinisekanga okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esikhulu kunye / okanye ukulahlwa kokutya
- ukungakwazi ukuyeka ukusebenzisa
- Imfuno yokulawula isondlo (kuquka nokutya kwetyhubhu )
- imfuno yokulawula ukuba ungayi kucoca
- ukungabi nonyango lwezonyango malunga nekhaya
- ubukho beengcamango zokuzibulala ngokuzibulala okanye injongo ephezulu
- ubukho bezinye iingxaki zengqondo eziza kufuna ukuhlala esibhedlele
Eyokuhla
Umntu ongena kwizinga lokuhlala unonophelo kufuneka azinze ngokunyanisekileyo ukuze utywala kunye nokutya okungekho mfuneko. Kodwa bangadinga izinga eliphezulu lokwakheka kunye nokulawulwa kwezinto zokutya nokukhusela ukusebenza kunye nokuhlanjululwa ngenxa yezinto ezihluphekileyo zokukhuthaza, ukukhathazeka okukhulu, ezinye iingxaki zengqondo, kunye / okanye ukukwazi ukuzithiba.
Isibhedlele esisodwa
Kulo nqanaba lonyango, izigulane kufuneka zizinzileyo, kodwa zifuna isakhiwo sangaphandle ukuba sidle kunye / okanye ufumane ubunzima kwaye uthintele ukuhlanjululwa okanye ukusebenzisa. Banobuchule bokulawula ukuziphatha ngokwabo ngamaxesha amfutshane kunye nobusuku kunye / okanye banabanye ebomini babo abanako ukubonelela ubuncinane inkxaso kunye nesakhiwo. Bamele baphile kufuphi neziko lonyango ukuze bakwazi ukuhamba emva nangemini.
Uphuhliso olunzulu
Izigulane zonyango olunzulu kufuneka zinyanzele kwaye zineenjongo zokusebenza. Kufuneka ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo-ubuncinci bexesha-bakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo, ukukhusela ukunyanzelisa umzimba, nokunciphisa ukuhlanjululwa. Bazuza ngokuba nabanye bakwazi ukubonelela ngesakhiwo kunye nenkxaso engokomzwelo kwaye bahlala ngokukhawuleza kunyango ukuze bahambe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye namaxesha amaninzi ngeveki.
Umonde
Izigulane zonyango zonyango zizinzile kwaye zifanele zikhuthaze. Bangakwazi ukulawula ukutya kwabo kunye nokunyanzelisa umzimba kwaye banokunciphisa kakhulu ukucoca. Bafumana abanye ukubonelela ngenkxaso kunye nesakhiwo kunye nokuhlala kufuphi nonyango.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba unyango olusekelwe kwintsapho lwabaNtsha luyatshintsha ukubonelelwa ngenkxaso kunye nesakhiwo kunye nokutya kwababoneleli bezonyango kubazali, ngoko ke avumela ukuba abantwana abancinci bebehlala kwiindawo zokuhlala, ii-PHP okanye i-IOP zokunakekelwa ukuba zilawulwe ngokuphepha ekhaya bazali .
Ukubuyiselwa luhambo kwaye izigulane ezininzi ezineengxaki zokutya zonyango ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyamekela. Ukubuyela kwakhona kuqhelekileyo kwaye inxalenye yenkqubo ukwenzela ukuba ungadikibala ukuba kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo ambalwa emva kokuba uphinde uqhubeke.
> Umthombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. Izikhokelo zoMbutho weeNgqondo ze-American Psychiatric Guidelines zokonyango kwezifo zengqondo: ukulandelelana kuka-2006 . I-American Psychiatric Pub, ngo-2006.