I-Perfectionism-ukuthambekela kokubamba imilinganiselo ephakamileyo engabonakaliyo-nto ibandakanyeke ekuphuhliseni nasekugcinweni kweengxaki zokutya. Ukunyaniseka kwekliniki yinjongo ephambili yokungenelela kwiChnitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-E), unyango oluphambili kubantu abadala abaneengxaki zokutya. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba izigulane ezine- anorexia nervosa kunye ne- bulimia nervosa zinamazinga aphezulu okuphelela ukuphelela kunezifundo.
I-Perfectionism iye yafundwa ngaphantsi kodwa ichongiwe kwizigulane ezinexilongo yokutya. Ngokutsho kweCone yeBardone kunye noogxa (2010), "ukugqibelela kubonakala kuthatha indima kwi-etiology, ukugcinwa, kunye nokunyangwa kweengxaki zokutya" (iphepha 139). Eli nqaku liza kuchaza ukugqibelela, uchaze ubudlelwane balo nokutya kokutya, kwaye uxoxe ngeendlela zokwenza unyango.
Yintoni Ukufezekiswa?
I-Perfectionism iyimpawu zobunzima obuyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kwencazelo eyamkelekileyo yonke. Ngamanye amaxesha kubhekwa njengomntu wobuntu okanye uphawu. Inokuthi iqondwe njengenkqubo. Ukuphelelwa komzimba kunokuba nezinto ezintle nezimbi. Ukuba nemilinganiselo ephakamileyo ingaba yimpahla kwaye kumaxesha amaninzi, kunokukunceda ekufezeni iinjongo. Nangona kunjalo, ukugqibelela kubandakanya iindleko kunye neemeko eziphosakeleyo, kakhulu kunokuba ngumqobo. Ukulungelelaniswa okuhambelana neengxaki zengqondo kuyinkathazo kwaye uye wabizwa njengeklinikhi (okanye ingasebenzi) .
Ukunyaniseka kwekliniki inezinto ezintathu:
- Ukulindela okuqhubekayo ukuba wena okanye abanye bahlangabezane nemigangatho ephakamileyo yokuba, ngaphandle kweemeko, abanye abantu bacinga ukuba baninzi okanye bangenangqiqo.
- Ukuqwalasela ukuzixabisa ngokukodwa ngokukwazi kwakho ukuzama nokufezekisa le migangatho ephakamileyo.
- Ukuqhubeka nokujolisa kule migangatho naphezu kwemiphumo emibi.
Abantu bangabonakalisa ukuphelela kwimihlaba ethile kwimimandla ethile yobomi babo kwaye kungekhona kwabanye. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abantu baphumelele ngokuphathelele isikolo okanye umsebenzi, kodwa kungekhona emakhaya abo. Abanye banokuphelelisa ngokubonakala kwabo, kodwa kungekhona malunga nesikolo okanye umsebenzi wabo wokusebenza. Imimandla ekhethekileyo yokugqibelela efunyenwe kule ncwadi ibandakanya:
- Ukusebenza emsebenzini okanye esikolweni
- Vala ubudlelwane
- Ukuzonwabisa kunye neentletics
- Ukucoceka kunye neesesthetics
- Umbutho kunye nokuyalela
- Ukubhala
- Ndithatha
- Imbonakalo yomzimba
- Impilo kunye nococeko lobuqu
Abantu abanokuphelelana banamathele ekuziphatheni ezithile ezigcina iinkolelo zabo ezigqibeleleyo. Iziphathamandla ezipheleleyo ziquka izinto zombini onokuzenza kunye nezinto onokuziphepha ukuzenza.
Iimpawu ezinokuthi zenziwe ngabagqibeleleyo zingabandakanya:
- Ukukhangela okwedlulele
- Ukucwangcisa ngokweqile
- Uluhlu
- Ukulungisa abanye
Ukongezelela, abantu abaninzi abanokuphelela ukuphepha baye benza izinto ezithile ngenxa yokwesaba ukuba abayi kukwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yabo. Imizekelo yokuziphatha yokuphepha iquka:
- Ukunikela ngokukhawuleza
- Ukunyaniseka
- Ukuphepha imisebenzi
- Ukungaphumeleli ukudlulisela
- Ukucinga ngaphambi kokuba usebenze
Abantu abaninzi abaneklinikhi yokugqibelela bafumanisa ukuba kuphazamisa kakubi ubudlelwane babo boluntu, impilo yengqondo kunye / okanye impilo yempilo.
Ulwalamano lwePherfectionism kunye neengxaki zokutya
Ukutshatyalaliswa kweengxaki kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya kubonakala kuqhathaniswa, kodwa i-causality isacacile-asiyazi ukuba umntu uyakhokelela kwenye okanye iya kuqala. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu abaneentsholongwane zokutya kunye nokugqibelela babesoloko bebonisa iimpawu ezigqibeleleyo ngaphambi kokuqala kokuphazamiseka kokutya kwabo. Olunye uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba iimpawu ezigqibeleleyo zaqhubeka kubantu abaneentsholongwane zokutya nangona emva kokuphulukana. Nangona kunjalo, i-Bardone-Cone kunye noogqirha bafumene ukuba xa kusetshenziswe inkcazelo engqongqo yokuphazamiseka kwezifo, iimpawu ezigqibeleleyo zancishiswa zibe ngamanqanaba afana nalawo afunyanwa kwizigulane ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kokutya.
Aba baphandi bathi, "Kulo mbono, ukungenelela kunye / okanye amava anceda ukunciphisa ukugqibelela kungabangela ukhenketho olupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukulungiswa kwexesha lexeshana kuguqulwa, kunye nokufumana ukuphulukana ngokupheleleyo kokugula kwesifo (kunye nesifo sokuphazamiseka kweempawu kumanqanaba afana nalabo abangenayo imbali yesifo sokutya) yiyiphi eyakuvumela ukukhululeka kwemilinganiselo yokuphelela nokuziphatha. "
I-Clinical perfectionism ichazwa njengenye yezinto ezine eziphambili ezigcina ukuphazamiseka kokutya, ngo-Fairburn, umbhali we-CBT-E. Uphando lubonisa ukugqibelela kuhambelana nomntu osweleyo emva kokungeniswa kwe-anorexia nervosa kunye nokunyuka okuphezulu kwonyango.
Unyango
Ukuba ukuphumla kokugqibelela kuhambelana nokuphelelwa kwesifo esipheleleyo, kulungele ukunakekelwa ngexesha lotyando. Ininzi yophando malunga nokunyanzeliswa kokupheleliswa kweengxaki kuye kugxininisa kwi-ctnitive therapy (CBT). Ukunyangwa kwe-CBT yokuphelela ukuphumelela kuye kwafumanisa ukuba kuyaphumelela ekunciphiseni ukuphelelana phakathi kwabantu abanezigulane nabangapheliyo. Kuye kwaboniswa ukunciphisa iimpawu zesifo seengxaki kunye neempawu zezinye izifo ezibandakanya ukudakumba nokuxhalabisa.
Ukwelashwa kwe-CBT yokuphelela ukugqibelela kukubandakanya iingxaki ezigqibeleleyo ezifana nento-okanye akukho nto icinga ukuba "kufanelekile" ingxelo. Kubandakanya ukuchonga i-overgeneralizations kunye nemigangatho emibini. Izigulane zifunda ukuvavanya iinkolelo ezigqibeleleyo ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kweendlela zokuziphatha. Ngokomzekelo, isigulane esikholelwa ukuba uya kuba neentloni ukuba abe nomhlobo ngaphandle kokuba indlu yakhe igqityiwe kwaye ihlambuluke kakuhle ingazama ukufumana umngane xa izinto zishiywe ngaphandle kwendawo. Umxhasi unokuvavanya inkolelo yokuba kufuneka ahlale evelisa ngokucwangcisa ixesha lokuhlala epakini kunye nabantu-babukele.
Ukuba neengxaki zokuphelela ukulingana kufana nokuba ne "phobia" yokungapheleli-ukwesaba ukuzenza iimpazamo. Unyango lwale meko ke luquka ukuhlaselwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiimeko apho ungeke ukwazi ukukwenza ngokugqibeleleyo. Imizekelo yemisebenzi yokuvelela ingaquka:
- Ukufika emva kwexesha lokuqeshwa
- Ukuthumela i-imeyile equka isipelingi okanye impazamo yegrama
- Ukuthetha kwintlanganiso nokulahlekelwa ngumzila wakho wokucinga
- Ukucela uncedo kwivenkile
- Ukunikela utshintsho olungalunganga xa uhlawula into ethile
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngokubonakala ngokuphindaphindiweyo, izigulane zifunda ukuba zikhuselekile ukuphucula imilinganiselo yazo kwaye akukho nto eyoyikwenzekayo xa yenza. Injongo kukuphuhlisa imigangatho enempilo kunye nokulinganisela.
Ngaba Unyango Unyango?
Ukunikezelwa kwekhonkco phakathi kokuphelelisa kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya, kunokukunceda ukuqaphela nokulungisa ukulungelelanisa kuwe okanye othandekayo. Ezi zilandelayo ziphakanyiswe imibuzo ngenye yeengcali ezikhokelayo ekupheleleni (uAntony, 2015) ukuvavanya ukuba umntu unokufuna uncedo ekufezekeni:
- Ngaba imigangatho yam iphakamileyo kunezo zabanye abantu?
- Ngaba ndinako ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yam? Ngaba ndiyakhathazeka kakhulu xa ndidibana nemigangatho yam?
- Ngaba abanye abantu bakwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yam? Ngaba ndiyakhathazeka xa abanye bengayithobeli imigangatho yam?
- Ngaba imigangatho yam indibanceda ukuba ndifezekise iinjongo zam okanye bafike endleleni (umzekelo, ngokwenza ndidideke okanye ndithukuthele xa imigangatho yam ingahlanganiswanga, ngokwenza undifumane umsebenzi omncinci, njl)?
- Yintoni eya kuba yiindleko zokuphucula umgangatho othile okanye ukungawuthobeli umyalelo onawo?
- Yintoni eya kuba yinzuzo yokuphucula umgangatho othile okanye ukungawuthobeli umyalelo ondifumanayo?
Isishwankathelo
Ukuba wena okanye umntu obathandayo kunye nesifo sokutya ubonakalisa iimpawu zokuphelela, unokufuna ukufumana uncedo kule mpawu ngaphezu kokufuna unyango kwisifo sokutya. Iiprogram zokuncedisa i-CBT zokuncedisa ukuzenzekelayo zibandakanya incwadi xa i-Perfect Isingenakulungeleyo kunye nokuPhelelwa kwePhepha kuPhulo, incwadi yokusebenzela ekhululekile ekhompyutheni.
> Imithombo
> U-Antony, uMartin N. UChnitive-Behavioral Treatment for Perfectionism. 2015. Inkcazo kwi-Anxiety and Depression Association of America. https://adaa.org/sites/default/files/Antony_MasterClinician.pdf
> Antony, MM & Swinson, RP 2009. Xa kufezekileyo, akusikho okulungileyo , > yesibini > edition. I-Harbinger Publications entsha, i-Oakland, Ca.
> I-Bardone-Cone, uAnna M., uKatrina Sturm, uMelissa A. Lawson, uD. Paul Robinson kunye noRomas Smith. Ngo-2010. Ukufezekiswa koMgangatho kwiNqanaba leNkqubo yokuPhuhliswa kweziThutho zokutya. I-International Journal Yokukhathazeka kokutya 43 (2): 139-48. https://doi.org/ 10.1002 / udle.20674.
> I-Bardone-Cone, uAnna M., uStephen A. Wonderlich, uRayy O. Frost, uCynthia M. Bulik, uJames E. Mitchell, uSaritha > Uppala >, kunye noHeather Simonich. 2007. Ukuphelelwa komzimba kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya: Iimeko zangoku kunye neZikhokelo zexesha elizayo. Ukuhlolwa kweSiklinikhi yePhysical Psychology 27 (3): 384-405. https://doi.org/ 10.1016 / j.cpr.2006.12.005.
> Egan, Sarah J., Tracey D. Wade, kunye noRoz Shafran. Ngo-2011 Ukuhlolwa kweSiklinikhi yePhysical Psychology 31 (2): 203-12. https://doi.org/ 10.1016 / j.cpr.2010.04.009.
> Fursland, A., Raykos, B. kunye noSteele, uA.A. 2009. Ukuzekeliswa kwePhepha . I-Perth , eNtshona-Australia: Iziko leZingenelelo zeZliniki.
> Wade, Tracey D., noMarika Tiggemann. Ngo-2013. Indima yokuPhelela ukuThatyiswa koMzimba. Umbhalo Weengxaki zokutya 1 (Januwari): 2. https://doi.org/ 10.1186 / 2050-2974-1-2.
> Egan, Sarah J, Tracey D. Wade, Roz Shafran, uMartin M. Antony. 2016. Ukwelashwa koBomi bokuCinga ukuPhelela . ENew York: Guilford Publications.