Ukutya okuxhamlayo (BED) yiyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokutya e-United States. Ngokwe-National Nating Disorders Association, kukholelwa ukuba inokuchaphazela ama-3.5 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini, ama-2 ekhulwini lamadoda, kunye nama-1.6 ekhulwini kuma-adolescents. Kubonakaliswe iziqulatho eziphindaphindiweyo zokutya ngokutya ngaphandle kokuziphatha okuhlawulelwayo okufumaneka kwi-bulimia nervosa.
Ukutywala ukutya okuphazamisekile kwakusandul 'ukuza (ngo-2013 kunye nokupapashwa kweNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities, I-5th Edition; i-DSM-5 ) ibekwa njengesifo sokuxilongwa ngokusemthethweni. Ngaloo ndlela, ulwazi malunga nalo lugcina emva kwe-anorexia nervosa kunye ne-bulimia nervosa.
Nangona ngokuqhelekileyo kucinga ukuba "kunzima kakhulu" ukutya okuphazamisayo, ukuxhamla ukutya okuphazamisayo kungabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngokomzimba nangokwenyama kwaye kuhambelana nemiba ebalulekileyo yezokwelapha kunye nokwanda kwezinga lokufa .
I-CBT ye-Binge Eating Disorder
Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwintlungu yokutya ngokugqithiseleyo kubantu abadala kukunyango lwengqondo. I- CBT yonyango olusisiseko esiluselwa kumbhalo (CBT) lulona uphando lwe-psychotherapy olubhekiselele kwi-BED, kwaye okwangoku, oluxhaswa kakhulu kwiindlela zonke zokonyango. Ifom ye-CBT efunyenwe kakhulu yokutya ukukhathazeka yinkqubo yincwadi epapashwe ngo-1993 ngu-Fairburn, Marcus, kunye noWilson kunye nokuhlaziywa kwaloo unyango, i-CBT-E, eyapapashwa ngo-2008 ngu-Fairburn.
Ngokutsho kukaBerkman kunye nohlalutyo olubanzi lwabafundi (u-2015) kukho kwakhona izifundo ezimbalwa zokufumana izigqibo malunga nokuba zeziphi iifom ze-CBT ezinokuphumelela.
Ngezilingo zokulawula ngokungahleliwe, i-CBT ihlala ibonisa ukuba kuyo inokunceda izigulane ezininzi zikwazi ukuzithiba ekudleni ukutya.
Kwiimeko ezininzi apho ukuyeka ukuzibhinqa kungaphumeleli, kunokukunceda ukunciphisa ubukhulu bentsebenzo yentsholongwane kunye nokugula kwengqondo (ezinjengeengcinga ezithintekayo malunga nokuma kunye nesisindo ). Uphuculo olukhulu luye lwaboniswa kwi-CBT ekhokelwa ngabagqirha ngaphandle kweendlela zokwenza inxaxheba engaphantsi kwengcali ezifana nokuncedisa .
I-CBT yindlela engapheliyo ejolise ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kweengcamango, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha. Icandelo eliphambili lonyango libandakanya i-psychoeducation, ukubeka iliso kwiindlela eziphambili zokuziphatha, nokuseka iindlela zokutya. I-CBT ye-BED idibanisa isithintelo sokutya kunye nokubandakanywa kokutya okwesabayo. Ikwajongana neengcamango malunga nokuma kunye nesisindo kwaye inikeza ezinye izakhono zokujamelana nokunyamezela uxinzelelo. Ekugqibeleni, ii-CBT zifundisa iinkqubo zabaxhasi ukukhusela ukubuyela. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba injongo ye-CBT yenguqu yokuziphatha, kungekhona ukulahleka kwesisindo - i-CBT yokutya ukutya okungeyona nto ingakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo nokuba phakathi kwezigulane ezinamaqela amakhulu.
Ezinye i-Psychotherapies
Iingcali zengqondo ezongezelelweyo zokuxilisa ingxaki yokudliwayo ziye zafundwa kwaye zibonise isithembiso, nangona zikhoyo zifundo ezimbalwa kakhulu ukuba zigqibe ngokugqibeleleyo ukuba ziyasebenza.
Ulwaphulo oluphambili lwangaphakathi (IPT), unyango lwexesha elifutshane olujolise kwimicimbi engalinganiyo, kunye neyonyango yokuziphatha ngokuchanekileyo (DBT), uhlobo olutsha lwe-CBT eyenzelwe ukujongana nokuziphatha okuphazamisayo, zonyango ezimbini ezineenkxaso zokuphanda ukutya. Ingqiqo isekelwe ukutya uqeqesho lokuqwashisa (MB-EAT), edibanisa ukutya okucokisekileyo kunye nezicwangciso zengqondo, uye wabonisa isithembiso.
Mayeza
I-Anti-depressants, ngokukhethekileyo i-serotonin i-reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs) ekhethiweyo, ibonise ukuba luncedo kwizilingo zekliniki ekunciphiseni ubude binges kunye nokutya okuhlobene.
Iingxaki zokuxhatshazwayo (akumangalisi) zinciphisa iimpawu ezibangelwa ukuxinezeleka. I-Vyvanse, amayeza e-ADHD esandula ukuba abe yimichiza yokuqala eya kuvunywa yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukunyangwa kwe-BED, iye yafundiswa kwizilingo ezintathu kwaye yahlanganiswa nokunciphisa ama-binge episodes ngeveki, ukunciphisa ukutya okunxulumene nokutya ukunyanzelisa nokunyanzeliswa, kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima. Imithi ye-Anticonvulsant, ngakumbi i-Topicmate, iphinde ifundwe kwaye kukho ubungqina obuncinane bokubonisa ukuba luncedo. Nangona uphando lweVivanse kunye nokuvunywa kwe-FDA kwangoku kwonyango lwe-BED luthembisa, onke amayeza athatha umngcipheko weempembelelo ezingekho phantsi kwe-psychotherapy.
Uncedo lokuziHlola kunye noNcediso loNcedisayo
U-Berkman kunye noogxa baqaphele ukuba "Inani labaphandi abanezobuchule kwi-CBT ye-BED lilinganiselwe." Ngenxa yenani elikhulu labantu abahluphekileyo, le mingcipheko ibangela umngeni. Isicwangciso esisodwa sokubhakraza ikhefu lonyango kuye kwaba kukuphuhliswa kozincedisi kunye nokunyangwa kwinkonzo yokuncedisa ukutya, okubonisa isithembiso.
Ukukhathazeka Ngokunyanga Ukunyuka Kwemithwalo
Ngenxa yokuba ipesenteji ebalulekileyo yabagulayo be-BED ziphelile, abantu abane-BED baye bafuna unyango kwaye baphathwa ngokulahlekelwa isisindo. Nangona ezinye izifundo zakuqala zabonakala zibonisa ukuba ukulahleka kwesisindo sokuziphatha kunokusebenza kakuhle kunyango lwe-BED, ezi zifundo zincinci kwaye zenzelwe kakuhle. UWilson kunye noogxa (2010) bafumanisa ukuba ukulahleka komzimba kwakungaphantsi kwe-CBT ekunciphiseni ukutya okutywala kwaye akuzange kubangele ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esikhulu; baqukumbele, "iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuvelisa ukulahleka kwesisindo sexesha elide zihlala zingenakunzima." Ngenhlanhla, abaninzi abadliwayo abanokukhubazeka ngoku bayaqonda ukuba ukuzama ukulahlekelwa isisindo phakathi kwezigulane nge-BED kunokuthi kube nzima ukunyusa ingxaki kwaye kuqhube phambili ukuphazamisa ingxaki leyo, kubangele ukuba kwindleko yesisindo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuphulukana nokunyuka kwamaxabiso akucebisi.
Indlela yokufumana unyango
Umbutho we-Binge Eating Disorder Association (BEDA) ugcina i-online directory yabanikezeli bamalungu. Ukongezelela, ezinye iingxaki zokutya zengxaki zifumana amayeza okuphatha i-BED. Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana ingcali yendawo, unokufuna ukujonga uncedo okanye uzincedisa.
Imithombo:
Berkman, ND, Brownley, KA, Peat, CM, Lohr, KN, Cullen, KE, Morgan,. . . Bulik, CM (2015). Ulawulo kunye neziPhumo zoMngcipheko wokuTywala kweNtlanzi [isishwankathelo esiphezulu].
Fairburn, CG (2008). Iingxaki zengqondo kunye neengxaki zokutya . ENew York, NY: Guilford.
Fairburn, CG, Marcus, MD, & Wilson, GT (1993). Ukunyanga kweengxaki zokuziphatha kunye neBulimia Nervosa: Incwadi Yonyango Epheleleyo. Ku: CG Fairburn & GT Wilson (Ed.). Ukutya ngokutya: Uhlobo, uVavanyo kunye noNyango (iphe. 361-404) . ENew York, NY: Guilford.
Fichter, M., & Quadflieg, N. (2016). Ukufa ekudleni kokuphazamiseka - Iziphumo zeSifundo esiPhambili seKliniki esiPhambili. I-International Journal Yokudliwayo Kwokutya .
UKristeller, J., Wolever, RQ, kunye neSpredishithi, V. (2014). UkuQeqesha ngokuQeqesha ngokuQeqesha ukuThengiswa koMsebenzi (MB-EAT) yokuTywala kweBinge: I-Trial Clinical Trial Trial. Ingqiqo , 5 (3), 282-297.