Xa Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile Kuba Ngxaki?
Ukuzivocavoca ngokuqhelekileyo kubonwe njengobungqina; Ngoko ke, unokuzibuza ukuba ingaba yintoni embi kuwe. Kwabaninzi abantu, ukuvivinya umzimba kunika impilo ebalulekileyo nempilo yengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, kulabo abaneentsholongwane zokutya, ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kuyimpawu eziqhelekileyo kwaye banokudlala indima ekuphuhliseni nasekugcinweni kwesifo. Ukubhiyozelwa kwenkcubeko yethu yokuzivocavoca kwenza ukuba ukuqeqeshwa ngokugqithiseleyo kungabonakali okanye kuthatyathwe ngokungathandekiyo njengoko kufanelekile.
Eli nqaku liza kuchaza ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo njengoko kufundwe ngabaphandi begazi, kwaye uhlolisise indlela ukuzivocavoca ngokugqithiseleyo kubonakalisa ngayo ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukeneyo, ingozi yokunyamezela, nokuba yintoni oyenzayo ukuba ucinga ukuba (okanye umthandayo) udibanisa kakhulu umzimba.
Sibanzi
Nangona uninzi lwabantu luya kuqonda ukuhlanza okuzenzekelayo ukuba kube yindlela yokuziphatha engalunganga yokutya, ngokuqhelekileyo abayi kucinga okufanayo. Abo basebenzisa ngokugqithiseleyo badla ngokudunyiswa ngenxa yokukhuthazwa kwabo kunye nokuziphatha kwabo. Kodwa kuthathelwa ngokugqithiseleyo, lo mkhuba unokuba nemiphumo emibi.
Kwenye yezona zifundo zikhulu ngokuzivocavoca ngokweqile kwizidlo zokutya, ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kwachazwa njengale nxalenye yezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ukuzivocavoca okuphazamisa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo
- Ukuzivocavoca okudlulileyo iiyure ezintathu ngosuku kwaye kubangela ukubandezeleka ukuba umntu akakwazi ukusebenzisa
- Ukuzivocavoca rhoqo kwixesha elingafanelekanga kunye neendawo kunye nomzamo omncinci okanye akukho nanye yokukhusela ukuziphatha
- Ukusebenzisa ngaphandle kokulimala kakhulu, ukugula okanye ingxaki yezokwelapha
Ukuqhagamshelana neengxaki zokutya
Umsebenzi ogqithiseleyo okanye oqhutywayo ngumlinganiselo oqhelekileyo weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka kokutya. Ingatholakala kwizigulane ezine- anorexia nervosa , i- bulimia nervosa , kunye ne- dysmorphia ye-muscle , kunye nolunye utyalo olusisiseko kunye nesifo sokutya (OSFED) kunye neentetho ze-subclinical.
Kwimeko yokuphazamiseka kokutya okunqandekileyo, kubandakanywa ne-anorexia, kukho ubungqina bokuba ukunyusa umzimba kungabangela ukuphendulwa kwezinto eziphilayo.
Umsebenzi-Based Based Anorexia kumaRats. Izifundo zezilwanyana ziye zabonisa ukuba ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunokudala ukuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo, ngokunciphisa into ebizwa ngokuba ngu-"Work Based Based Anorexia" kwiirath. Xa abaphandi banqanda ukutya kweekratshi ngelixa bebanika ukufikelela okungenamkhawulo kwiphepha, amagundane aqala ukusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngokudlulileyo, ezi ziphuthi zikhetha ukuqhubeka ziqhuba kunokutya ngexesha lexeshana ixesha lokutya linikezwa kubo. Ukuba kuvunyelwe, baya kusebenza ngokusemthethweni ekufeni.
Ezi ziphuthi zibonisa ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo kwendlala-nzala eboniswe kwi-anorexia nervosa. Omnye ubengalindela ukuba amagundane (kunye nabantu) abalambileyo baya kuba ngaphantsi, kunokuba baninzi, basebenze. Nangona kunjalo kubantwana abancinci abahlakulela i-anorexia nervosa, ukutyelela ngokukhawuleza kuvame ukuhambisana nomsebenzi okwandisiweyo. Abaselula abane-anorexia bahlala bexhamla- abayi kuhlala, bahlala behlala, bahlala bejikeleza ngaphandle. Ababonisi iinzame zokuzama ukutshisa iekhalori ngendlela abadala abaselula nabadala abakwenzayo.
Ngaloo ndlela, umsebenzi ogqithiseleyo okanye umzimba utyunjwa ukuba ube yinkqubo engundoqo eyayiqhutyelwa ngongalingani kwamandla wokungenwa kwemida.
Ukuzivocavoca kwi-Anorexia Nervosa . Ukunyaniseka kuyinto eqhelekileyo, ebangelisayo kunye neyobhaliweyo ye-anorexia nervosa, echazwe ngowe-1873 ngudokotela waseFransi u-Ernest-Charles Lasègue, omnye wabalobi bokuqala malunga neengxaki. I-Lasègue yabona ukuba izigulane ezine-anorexia ezibonisa amanqanaba aphezulu emisebenzi zibonakala zingqinelani nesondlo sabo esisweleyo:
Omnye uqinisekisile inyaniso kukuba, kude kube kude ne-muscular power diminished, le nto yokuziyeka iyandisa ukwandisa ukuhamba. Isigulane sinomuva ogqithiseleyo kwaye sisebenzayo, sikhwele kwihashe [umxholo wesiFrentshi uphinde uchaze: 'ihambo ehamba phambili-ejikelezayo'], ufumana kwaye uhlawulele ukutyelela, kwaye uyakwazi ukulandela ubomi obuthathaka kwihlabathi ngaphandle kokuqonda iilssitudes ayeza kuzo kwezinye amaxesha akhalazo. (Lasègue, 1873, p.266)
Kwisifundo esinye, iipesenti ezingama-37 ukuya kuma-54 eepesenti zezigulane ezine-anorexia nervosa (kuxhomekeke kwi-subtype) zibandakanya ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile. Izigulane zingabonakalisa ixesha elithathayo emsebenzini, okwenza kube nzima kubaxhasi kunye neengcali zonyango ukuvavanya ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuzivocavoca kwi-anorexia nervosa ngokuqhelekileyo kuchazwa zizigulane njengoko ziqhutywe okanye zinyanzeliswa. Izibonakaliso zomzimba zokukhathala ziyanyanzelwa njengoko izigulane ziyaqhubeka ziqeqesha nangona zigula kwaye ziphantsi kwamandla. Omnye isigulane kwisifundo malunga nomsebenzi owenziwe ngxelo:
Ngaphambi kokuba ndiye kwonyango, ndahlala phantsi ngexesha lokudla, okanye ndandiva ndingakufanelanga ukuba ndihlale. Ndandingenasiphelo, ngoko kwakunzima ukuphumla ... Ndiziva ngathi ndiphoqelelwe ukuba ndisebenzise ....
Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kwi-anorexia nervosa kuhambelana nolutsha oluncinane kunye namazinga aphezulu okuziphatha okukhathazayo / okugqithisileyo kunye nokugqibelela.
Ukuzivocavoca eBulimia Nervosa. Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kuye kwafakwa kwiinkqubo zokuxilonga kwi-bulimia nervosa ukususela kwipapasho ye-DSM-III-R ngo-1987. I- DSM-5 ye-diagnlimatic criteria (DSM-5) ye-bulimia nervosa ichaza ukuba kukho ukuhlawula ukuhlawula ukutya okungabandakanya ukuzondla yenza ukuba kuhlanjululwe, kodwa nokuzila okukhawuleza, ukusebenzisa i-laxative, i-diuretics, kunye nokuzivocavoca.
Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile ngumsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokuhlawulela abantu ngabombulimia nervosa. Kwisifundo esinye, iipesenti ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-24 eepesenti zezigulane ezine-bulimia nervosa ezibandakanya ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile. Phakathi kwezigulane nge-bulimia nervosa, ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kunxulumene nesiseko esisisiseko sokutya kwesifo esiyingozi kunye nesiphumo sonyango olubi.
Ukuzivocavoca kwiMiscle Dysmorphia . Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile ngumqondiso oqhelekileyo we-muscle dysmorphia, imeko ephumayo echaphazela ngokuyinhloko abaqulunqa umzimba. Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba kukho ukuhluka kwe-anorexia nervosa ephawulekayo kwizigulane ezinobuninzi bendoda yesintu. Okwangoku, le ngxaki ichazwa ngokuxilongwa njengoluhlobo lomzimba we-dysmorphic disorder ngokubhekiselele kwingxaki yokutya.
I-dysmorphia ye-muscle ibonakala ngentsholongwane eqhubekayo yokuba enye ayiyiyo i-muscular ngokwaneleyo kunye neziphathamandla ezinxulumene nokunyuka kwama-musculature kuqukwa kwenkqubo yokuzilolonga kunye nokudla okudliwayo okulungiselelwe ukwakha ubuninzi (ngokuqhelekileyo kugxile kwiiprotheni). Ngamanye amaxesha izibonelelo kunye ne-steroids zisetyenziselwa ukusukela imisipha. Phakathi kwamadoda ane-muscle dysmorphia, malunga neepesenti ezingama-71 ziphakamisa izixhobo ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye ama-64 ekhulwini asebenzisa ngokugqithiseleyo.
Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kwi-OSFED ne-Subclinical Eating Disordered Eating. Kukho uphando oluncinane malunga nokuzivocavoca ngokweqile kwi-OSFED. Kwiisampulu zechungechunge, ubudlelwane phakathi kokuzilolonga nokunyusa amanqaku kumanyathelo okutya i-psychopathology kusekwe kakuhle. Iimpazamo ezinjengokutya kunye nokuzilolonga zihlala zihlala kunye ziqinisa. Kwakhona kunjalo ukuba ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile ekungabikho kokutya okuphazamisekileyo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwesimo sengqondo kukholwa ukuba kuncinci kwintsholongwane kwaye kunciphise kakhulu.
Mngcipheko
Ukuzivocavoca kwizigulane ezineentsholongwane zokutya kunye nokutya okuphazamisekileyo kungabungozi. Izigulane zingasebenzisa kwaye zingasebenzi kakuhle, zibeka emngciphekweni weengxaki ezahlukeneyo zezokwelapha. Ezi ngxaki zingabandakanya ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, iingxaki zeentliziyo, ukutshabalalisa imisipha, ukulimala, nokufa ngokukhawuleza. Izigulane ezine-anorexia zisoloko zinezintlu ezibuthathaka kwaye ngoko-ke ngokubanzi kunokwenzeka ukuba baninzi bafumane amaqhekeza; ubunzima bomzimba obunxulumene nokusebenzisa ngokugqithiseleyo luyandisa le mngcipheko.
Ubukho bokuzivocavoca ngokweqile phakathi kwezigulane ezine-anorexia nervosa zidibaniswa nexesha elide lokunyanga lokugula kunye nexesha elincinci lokuphindaphinda. Ukuzilolonga ngokweqile phakathi kwabantu abanokutya okuphazamisekileyo kudibaniswa nomngcipheko omkhulu wokuzibulala.
Ukubuyisela
Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo ngokukhawuleza emva kokukhutshwa kwesibhedlele kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphindaphinda. Ukuzivocavoca kunokubambelela iinkolelo ezithi zigcinwe kwisifo sokutya kwaye zingabonakali ngokwenyama xa inzuzo yesisindo iinjongo zonyango.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu nangesizathu esithile, kuyaqhelekileyo kwiingcali zonyango ukucebisa ukuyeka ukuvavanya kwabasebenzi abaneengxaki zokutya baze bazinzile ekubuyiseni. Ingcamango yokuvumela umntu ukuba aqhubeke nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo njengesizathu sokubuyisela ukukhanga, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo uyabuya ngenxa yezizathu ezikhankanywe ngasentla.
Izimpawu kunye neMpawu
Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuba nzima ukuhlula, ngakumbi phakathi kwabadlali. Isici esibalulekileyo esinqumle ukuba umsebenzi uyingxaki engaphantsi kobuninzi bomsebenzi kunokuba usebenza kwizizathu kunye nezimo zengqondo emva kwayo: ukuvavanywa njengomsebenzi wokunyanzelisa; Ukusebenzisa ngokuyinhloko ukuchaphazela isimo nesisindo; kunye neemvakalelo zecala emva kokulahleka iseshoni yoqeqesho. Umdlali onokuzibandakanya angabandakanyeka ixesha elingaphezu komntu onenkxalabo yokutya, kodwa singachaza ukusetyenziswa komntu wokugula ngengxaki njengoko kunokuba umdlali othethekileyo angaba neempembelelo malunga nokuzivocavoca okuya kuwufaneleka njengento engaphezulu okanye ingxaki.
Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba ukuxhaphaka kwezidlo zokutya kuphakamileyo phakathi kwezemidlalo, ngakumbi ezo ezemidlalo ezigxininisa ukunyameka kunokuba zihlala ngokubanzi. Ngaloo ndlela, abadlali ababonisa iimpawu zesifo sokutya kufuneka bahlolwe.
Ukuba wena (okanye othandekayo) uvumela enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo, cinga ukuba unokuzuza ngokufuna uncedo:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwam kuphazamisa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo njengomsebenzi okanye ukuhlalisana.
- Ndigqitha iiyure ezintathu zokusebenzisa umzimba ngosuku.
- Ndijamelana noxinzelelo okanye unetyala xa ndingakwazi ukuzisebenzisa.
- Ndisebenzisa amaxesha angalunganga kunye neendawo kwaye andinakuzikhusela ukuziphatha.
- Ndiqhubeka ndibonisa ngaphandle kokulimala, ukugula, okanye ingxaki yonyango.
Ukubuyiselwa kokubuyisela uJenni Schaefer uye wenza uVavanyo oluQinisekisa ukuViliswa, umlinganiselo osetyenziswayo ukuvavanya umzimba, okhoyo kwiwebhusayithi yakhe.
Unyango
Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ubonisa iimpawu zokuzivocavoca ngokweqile kunye / okanye ukugula kwesifo, ukunyangwa kweengxaki zonyango, kuquka ne-psychotherapy, kunokukunceda ukujongana nesifo sokutya kunye nokunyanzelisa umzimba. Ukunyangwa kwengqondo-yokuziphatha, okukunceda ukuguqula indlela yokuziphatha kunye neenkolelo ezingundoqo malunga nokuzivocavoca, kunokunceda abantu bahlakulele ukumodareyitha kunye nokulinganisela. Ukuba ungumzali wonyango, kunokuncedisa ukuba uncede ukukhawulela okanye ukuwuthintela umsebenzi wabo.
Imithombo :
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Kolnes, L.-J. (2016). "Ukuvakalelwa kunamandla kunokucinga": amava aphikisanayo okusebenzayo kwabasetyhini abane-anorexia nervosa. Umbhalo Weengxaki zokutya , 4 , 6.
Meyer, C., Taranis, L., Goodwin, H., & Haycraft, E. (2011). Ukuzilolonga nokunyanzeliswa kokutya. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-European Eating Disorders , 19 (3), 174-189.
Mond, JM, & Calogero, RM (2009). Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile ekudleni izigulane zezifo kunye nabafazi abasempilweni. I-Australian neNew Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 43 (3), 227-234.
Smith, AR, Fink, EL, Anestis, MD, Ribeiro, JD, Gordon, KH, Davis, H., Joiner Jr., TE (2013). Qaphela: Ukuziqhelanisa nokugqithiseleyo kunxulumene nokuzibulala phakathi kwabantu abanokutya okuphazamisekileyo. Uphando lweengqondo , 206 (2-3), 246-255.
UThomas JJ, uSchaefer J. Mhlawumbi i-Anorexic: Ngaba (Okwam Othandwa Kwam) Ulwalamano nokutya kuyingxaki? Isiko leSixeko, uMN: IHazelden / iHarvard yeeNkonzo zoLondolozo lwezeMpilo; 2013.