Iimpawu zokujonga ukuphazamiseka kokutya zitshintshile njani?
Inkqubo yokuxilonga yokukhathazeka kokutya iguqulwe utshintsho olukhulu ngokukhutshwa kweNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatisatisti yeNgxaki yeNgqondo yesihlanu, kwimiba emininzi eyenza kube lula ukuba oogqirha baxilonge umntu onesifo sokutya.
I-DSM isoloko ibizwa ngokuba yi "bible" yehlabathi lezezifo zengqondo kunye neengqondo, kwaye ngoko utshintsho lwezoxilongo kwizixhobo ezintsha zithwala ubunzima obukhulu kunye nabaqeqeshi bezempilo yengqondo.
Inkqubo yangoku, i-DSM-V, yashicilelwa ngo-2013 kwaye yayisilindelwe ixesha elide kwaye ixubushe kakhulu phakathi kwabaphandi kunye neeklinikhi. Inkqubo yangaphambili, i-DSM-IV-TR, yapapashwa ngo-2000.
Nantsi ingqungquthela emfutshane yeenguqu zokuxilongwa kwezidlo zokutya eziqulethwe kwi-DSM-V:
I-Binge-Eating Disorder
Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-DSM-V ibandakanya ingxaki yokutya okuxhamlayo njengengxaki eyaziwayo kunye nokuxilongwa.
I-DSM-IV-TR ibandakanye i-binge-disord disorder njengoluhlu lwexeshana lwemigqaliselo "yeenjongo zokuphanda." Ngokuyinhloko, lo mboniso wawubonayo ingxaki yokutya yokutya njengokuba sele isandula ukuba i-criteria ye-disorder yayingacingwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokucinywa.
Ngokufanelekileyo, olu tshintsho lufanele lunikeze ngokusemthethweni abo banomdla wokutya ngokutya kwaye baya kuba nethemba lokubonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zokunikwa kunye nokunyango.
Anorexia Nervosa
I-DSM-V yenza iinguqu ezibini ezinkulu kwiindlela i-anorexia nervosa ifumaneka ngayo, ezo zombini zifanele zenze kube lula ukuba zifumaneke ukuba ziimeko.
Kwi-DSM-IV-TR, ukwenzela ukuba umntu afanelekele ukuxilongwa kwe-anorexia nervosa, isisindo sazo kufuneka sibe phantsi okanye ngaphantsi kwe-85% yesilinganiselo somzimba esilungileyo (ngokubhekiselele kwisicatshulwa somzimba), oko kungabandakanyi abo babecala ngokugqithiseleyo kodwa bebengakhange balahlekelwe ubunzima obaneleyo ukuba bafumaneke ngokusemthethweni.
I-DSM-V iye yavuselela loo nto ukuba ithi umntu ufikelele "ubunzima obuphantsi kakhulu." Kwakhona kunika abaqeqeshi bonyango ngokukwazi ukucacisa ubunzima beengxaki ngokubhekiselele kwisicatshulwa somzimba.
Inguqu enkulu yesibini ukuxilongwa kwe-anorexia nervosa kukuba loo nto amantombazana kunye nabasetyhini abaselula abasayi kuphulukana namaxesha abo (imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-amenorrhea) ukwenzela ukuba bafumane i-anorexia nervosa. Kwimpapasho yangaphambili ye-DSM, abafazi babefanele baqhekeza amaxesha amathathu okanye ngaphezulu ukuba afunyanwe.
Bulimia Nervosa
Imilinganiselo ye-DSM-V ye-bulimia nervosa idinga ukutya ukutya kunye nokuziphatha okuhlawulelwayo ukuba kwenzeke ubuncinane kanye ngeveki ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezintathu. Oku kutshintshwa kwiinkqubo ezidlulileyo kwi-DSM-IV-TR, efuna ukuba ukutya kunye nokuziphatha okuhlawulekayo kwenzeke ubuncinane kabini ngeveki ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezintathu.
Inkqubo yangaphambili yabalalisa iindidi ezahlukileyo zokuhlenga uhlobo lwe-bulimia nervosa (xa uzibangela ukuhlanza okanye usebenzise i-laxatives) kunye nohlobo lokungahlanjululwa kwe-bulimia nervosa (xa usebenzisa ukutya okanye ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile). Kule nguqulelo entsha, zonke iintlobo zeendlela zokuziphatha zihlanganiswa kunye, kuba oogqirha ngoku bayaqonda ukuba abagulayo banokuzibandakanya kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha.
Inkqubo entsha iphinda ivumele ootitshala ukuba bachaze ukuba umntu ukhululekile okanye uxolelwe ngokugcwele (ukubuyisela) kwi-disorder, kunye nokuba nzima kangakanani ukugula kwabo.
Amanqanaba obunzima ancike kwindlela umntu afumana ngayo amava kunye nokuhlanjululwa kweepasodes kunye nokuba ubunzima bezinto ezichaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Ezinye iintlobo zokutya okanye ukuphazamiseka kokutya
I-DSM-V ibandakanye ezinye iindlela ezimbini zokutya kwesifo: "esinye isondlo esicacisiweyo okanye sisifo sokutya" kunye "nesondlo esingachazwanga okanye ukugula kwesifo." Ezi ziye zaxiliswa kunye "nokutya kwesifo - kungenjalo kuchaziwe" kwi-DSM-IV-TR.
"Ukutya okunye okuchaziweyo okanye ukugula kwesifo" kuchanekile kwaye kusebenza ngokukodwa kubantu ababonisa ezinye okanye ezininzi iimpawu ze-anorexia nervosa, i-bulimia nervosa okanye i-binge-disorder disorder kodwa ingazange ilahlekelwe ngokwaneleyo, ayifumananga iimpawu zaneleyo okanye azizange zihlupheke ixesha elide ukwenzela ukuba zifumane iziphumo zokufumana i-diagnosis.
Kwakhona kubandakanya ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki eyenzekayo xa umntu esebenzisa ukuziphatha okuhlambulukileyo kodwa engabandakanyeki ekuziphatheni okuxilisayo (njengoko ku-bulimia nervosa).
"Ukutya okungaxeliweyo okanye ukukhathazeka kokutya" kukungxaki ezingahambelani naluphi na uhlobo olukhoyo okanye xa i-diagnostic diagnosti ingenalo ulwazi olwaneleyo (njengegumbi lokuphuthuma).
Inkcazo yokuxilongwa ngumsebenzi kwiNqubekela phambili
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iDSM ihlala ihlala njalo, kwaye ihlala ikhona, umsebenzi uqhubeka. Kuqhubela phambili ukuqhuba iingxoxo kunye nokungavumelani phakathi kwabaqeqeshi malunga neyona ndlela ekhoyo yonyango.
Nangona kunjalo, iinkcazo ezibandakanyiweyo kwi-DSM zinika abaphandi kunye neekliniki ngolwimi lokuthetha kunye nokuchaza iisethi zeempawu abantu abaninzi abajamelene nazo, kwaye bafuna unyango.
Ukuba wena, okanye umntu owaziyo, ubandezeleka kwezinye okanye zonke iimpawu zaso nasiphi na isifo sokugula, nceda uqhagamshelane nodokotela, utyando okanye uphando lwezempilo yengqondo ekuhloleni nasekunyangeni.
Imithombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. (2013). Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zeengqondo (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Umbhali.
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. (2000). Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zeengqondo (4th ed., Umbhalo wokuhlaziya). Washington, DC: Umbhali.