Ukuba unayo i- bulimia nervosa , utywala ukutya okuphazamisayo , okanye iinguqu ezincinci zezinye zezi, uncedo luncedo. Ngokusebenzisa incwadana, incwadi yokusebenzela, okanye iplatifti yewebhu , umntu ogulayo angasebenzisa uluhlu lwamanyathelo ukuze afunde ngxaki yabo kwaye aphuhlise izakhono zokunqoba nokulawula ingxaki yabo. Ukuncedisa, nangona kunjalo, akukhuthazwa ukuba i- anorexia nervosa inike iimfuno ezizodwa zempilo yezigulane ezile ngxaki.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba inguqu ephuculweyo yonyango yokuziphatha (CBT-E) yonyango olukhethiweyo kubantu abane-bulimia kunye nokutya okuxilisayo; Iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba malunga nama-65% abantu baphila emva kweeseshoni ezingama-20 zengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, akuyena wonke umntu ofuna ikhosi epheleleyo ye-CBT-E ukuze abuyele kwi-binge yokutya ingxaki, i-bulimia, kunye nezinye iindlela zokutya okuphazamisekileyo. Abaphandi bacebise ukuba abantu abanezifo ezidliwayo baqala ngonyango olufanelekileyo oluncinci kwaye baqhubela phambili kunyango olunzulu xa kungekho phuculo. Kulo mzekelo wokunyamekela, ukuqala kokuqala kukuncedisa.
Ukuncedisa ukuzinyameka kokutya kunokuncedisa ngakumbi abo abangenakufumana unyango lweengcali okanye abo banenkinga yokufikelela unyango. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zonyango, ukuzinceda kubalulekile. Iyakwazi ukuguquguquka kwaye iyakwenziwa ngexesha lakho.
Ngoncedo olusulungekileyo , isigulane sisebenza ngokubhaliweyo ngokuzimeleyo kwikhokelo lochwepheshe. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuzinceda ngokweenkxaso kubandakanya ukuzinceda kunye nokuxhaswa komnye umntu okanye umququzeleli onokuthi angabi yintlupheko yokutya kwengxaki yokugula. Lo mntu unika inkxaso unakho, umzekelo, umntu obeka phantsi okanye umntu owayesifo; inkxaso ingathunyelwa kwiifom ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nomntu-mntu, phezu kwefowuni, ngomyalezo wombhalo okanye kwi-intanethi.
Ixesha lexhaswa lenkxaso lingahluka, kodwa lisoloko lincinci ngaphezu kwengqondo yengqondo yeveki.
Ukuncedisa ukuzinyameka kunye nokuncedisa ukuzinceda ekudleni ukuphazamiseka kukuqinisekisile ukuba kusetyenziswe i-subset yabantu abane-bulimia nervosa, i-binge yokutya i-disorder, kunye ne- OSFED (Okunye okucacileyo okuKondla nokuKhathazeka kwesidlo ). Kule miba, kukho inkxaso eninzi ekusebenziseni kwabo abantu abanomdla wokutya. Kukho inkxaso eyongezelelweyo yokuncedisa ukuzinceda kunokuba uncedo olungcwele. Uncedo lokuzimela luye lwaboniswa ukuba lukhulu kunakho unyango.
Ngo-2013, iZiko loLuleko leYunivesithi yaseRutgers zaqala ukunikela ngokuncedisa ekuncedeni ukukhathazeka kokutya emva kophando lwabafundi abagqwesileyo ekugqibeleni ukuba le nto yayingumzekelo owenzekayo kwaye osebenzayo. Kwisifundo seminyaka emibili i-Zandberg, umfundi waqeqesha iqela labafundi abathweswa izifundo zengqondo ezisixhenxe abaye baphawula unyango oluzikhokelayo kubafundi abangama-38 abanokuxilongwa nge-bulimia nervosa okanye ukuxilonga ingxaki yokutya. Inkxaso, eyayisekelwe kwimigaqo-mpawu yokuziphatha kwengqondo, yayinikezwa kwiiseshoni ezili-10, imizuzu engama-25. Ekupheleni kweprogram yeeveki ezili-12, iipesenti ezingama-42 zezifundo ezingazange zifumane ama-episodes kunye nama-63 ekhulwini ayikaze ahlangabezane neendlela zokutya.
Ngaba kufuneka uzame ukuzimela?
Ukuba unesisindo somzimba, usandula ukulahlekelwa ubuninzi obunzima, okanye uxhomekeke kwi-anorexia okanye iingxaki ezifanayo, ukuzinceda akunakunyulwa - kubalulekile ukuba ufune uncedo lobuchwepheshe. Ukuba ufumana ukutya okuphazamisekile, ukutya ukutya okuphazamisayo okanye u-bulimia nervosa, kukulungele ukuqala ngokufuna unyango lwezempilo kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unyango olukhethekileyo alufumanekanga kwaye / okanye ingxaki yakho ayinzima, ungafuna ukuqala ngenye yezibonelelo ezingezantsi. Nangona unokonyango oluthile, unokufuna ukuqwalasela enye yezinto zokuncedisa izixhobo njengesiqhelo; nangona kuluvo oluhle lokuxoxa ngeencwadi ezijoliswe ekuphumeni kunye neqela lakho lonyango.
Uninzi lwezilingo zekliniki zokudityaniswa kokutya (kungakhathaliseki unyango olufundwayo) lubonisa ukuba ukuba akukho phuculo ngeveki 4, umntu akakwazi ukuzuza kuloo unyango. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba emva kokunika uncedo uncedo, awubonakali inkqubela phambili ngeveki 4, kufuneka ufune uncedo olongezelelweyo okanye unqanaba eliphezulu lokonyango. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba abaninzi abantu abakwazi ukubuyisela ngokuzeleyo ngoncedo loncedo. Le asikho isizathu sokuba neentloni. Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kukuphazamiseka kwaye ngamanye amaxesha izifo eziphazamisayo.
Ukufundwa okucetywayo
- Ukunqoba Ukutya Okuninzi (Fairburn, 1995), inguqu elandelwayo yonyango lwe-CBT-E, iyona ncwadana yokuncedisa ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe rhoqo kwiilingo ezilawulwa ngononophelo oluncedo olukhokelwayo. Luye lwabonisa ukuphumelela kwe-bulimia nervosa, ukuxhamla ingxaki yokutya, kunye ne-EDNOS (ukutya okungaxilwanga ngaphandle kokuchazwa ngenye indlela, ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwi-OSFED) kwizifundo ezininzi. Inguqu ehlaziyiweyo yashicilelwa ngo-2013. Ukulwa nokuTywala kwamaBinge kunamacandelo amabini. Iyokuqala iqulethe imfundo yengqondo malunga nokuphazamiseka kokutya kunye neyesibini inkqubo yesithandathu yokuzinceda. Isinyathelo ngasinye sibandakanya imisebenzi ethile eyenziwa ekhaya (umz. Ukubeka iliso, ukutya rhoqo, ukusombulula iingxaki) kunye neengxelo zokukhangela ezenza ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bajonge inkqubela yabo.
- Ukulwa nokutya okungaxhatshazwayo - Icandelo A kunye nokulwa nokutya okungafanelekanga - Icandelo B liquka inkqubo yokuzinceda efumanekayo mahala yokukhuphela kubasebenzisi emhlabeni jikelele ngeCandelo leZingenelelo zeCliniki yaseNtshona Koloni. Iincwadi zeencwadi zeCCI, zenziwe zifumaneke njengeifayile eziphathekayo-pdf, zijongane neengxaki zempilo yengqondo. Iincwadi zokusebenzela eziphazamisayo zilandelelana ngokulandelelana nomgaqo-siseko we-CBT-E.
- (Apple & Agras, 2007). Le ncwadi ibonisa ngokulandelelana incwadana yezokwelapha ye-CBT ye-bulimia kunye nokutya ngokutya.
Imithombo:
DeBar, L., Striegel-Moore, R., Wilson, GT, Perrin, N., Yarborough, BJ, Dickerson, J., Lynch, F., Roselli, F., & Kraemer, HC (2011). Ukuncedisa unyango loncedo lwenkxaso yokutya ngokuphindaphindiweyo: Ukuphindaphinda nokwandiswa. IiNkonzo zengqondo , 62, 367-373.
Ghaderi, A. kunye noScott, B. (2003). Ukuncedisa okulungileyo kunye nokukhokelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye neyesiqhelo se-bulimia nervosa kunye nokutya okuxhamlayo kwi- British Journal ye-Clinical Psychology . 42 (3), 257-69.
Stefano, S., Bacaltchuk, J., Blay. S., Hay, P. Uncedo lokuncedisa unyango ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwesidlo sokutya. I-Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 113 (6), 452-9.
Sysko, R. & Walsh, B. (2008). Ukuphononongwa okubalulekileyo kokungenelela kwongenelelo lokuncedisa unyango lwe-bulimia nervosa kunye nokutya kokutya. I-International Journal ye-Disorder Disorders, 41 , 97-112.
Zandberg, LJ, & Wilson, GT (2013) .Umqeqeshi: Ukuphunyezwa kweendlela zokuziphatha ezikhokelwayo ngokuziphatha ngokukhokelela ekutheni zidla ngokutya kwendalo. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-European Eating Disorders Review, 21 , 230-237.