I-Psychology Basics: 8 Amaqiniso Okufuneka Uyazi
I-Psychology iyimvelaphi yokuthakazelisa abantu abaninzi, kwaye ngenxa yezizathu ezifanelekileyo. Ngokufunda ngokubanzi ngeengcamango zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha komntu, abantu bayakwazi ukuqonda ngakumbi kwabo nabanye. Iingcali zengqondo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokunakekelwa kwempilo ngokunceda abantu abaneengxaki zempilo yengqondo, benze i- psychotherapy , baphando ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, nokufundisa izigulane ngendlela yokuphatha kakuhle iimpawu zabo.
Ziziphi ezinye zezizathu zokuba ufuna ufunde kabanzi ngeengqondo? Kweminye le nzala ifumaneka ngumnqweno wokuphinda uphumelele kwizengqondo . Abanye banokufuna ukufunda okungakumbi ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi okanye ngenxa yokuba bacinga ngokuthetha nochwepheshe weengqondo ukuze ancede ngoncedo lwezempilo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni isizathu, ukwakha ukuqonda okungcono izihloko ezinjengeemvakalelo, ukukhuthazwa , ukuqonda, uthando , ukunxibelelana kunye neendlela zophando ziya kukunceda kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi.
I-Psychology ibonakala ngathi iyinhloko enkulu kwaye inokukhathaza ekuqaleni, kodwa ukuqonda amaqiniso ambalwa angundoqo kunokukwenza kube lula ukuqala. Ezi zinto zilandelayo zimbalwa zezinto ezibalulekileyo ofuna ukuzazi malunga nale ngongoma. Emva kokuba unesiseko esinzulu sezinto ezisiseko, uza kulungelelanisa ukuhlola iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi uncede ukuphucula ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, impilo kunye nenhlalakahle.
I-Psychology InguPhando lweNgqondo nokuziphatha
Okokuqala, makhe siqale ngokuqwalasela ngokuchanekileyo okokusebenza kwengqondo . I-Psychology inokuchazwa njengokufundwa kweenkqubo zengqondo nokuziphatha.
Igama lezengqondo livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi psyche lithetha "umoya, umoya, umphefumlo" kunye negama elithi logia elithetha "ukufundisisa."
I-Psychology ayizange ihlale ikhona njengamanje. Enyanisweni, kuthathwa njengomyalelo omncinci, nangona nje nje ngeyona ingcali ephakamileyo yeengqondo, ichazwe elifutshane kodwa imbali ende . I-Psychology yavela kwi-biology kunye nefilosofi kwaye ixhamene ngokuthe ngqo nakweminye imigaqo kuquka intlalo, iyeza, iilwimi kunye ne-anthropology.
Ngoxa i-psychology ingaba yinkomo encinane kwinqanaba elihle lezinto, likhule lidlala indima enkulu kwihlabathi namhlanje. Iingcali zengqondo ziqeshwe kwizibhedlele, iikliniki zempilo yengqondo, izikolo, iikholeji kunye neeyunivesithi, i-arhente karhulumente, amashishini abucala, kunye nokusebenza kwangasese kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye neendima ezivela ekuphatheni ukugula kwengqondo ekuthinteleleni umgaqo-nkqubo wezempilo.
I-Psychology ixhomekeke kwiNzululwazi zeSayensi
Enye yeengcali eziqhelekileyo malunga neengqondo zithi "nje ukuqonda." Ingxaki ngolu hlobo kukuba uphando lweengqondo luncede lubonise ukuba ezininzi zezinto esizikholelwa ukuba zifana neengqiqo zinyani.
Emva koko, ukuba ukuqonda okuqhelekileyo kwakuqhelekile njengoko abantu bathi, ke abantu abanakuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni abayazi ukuba zimbi kubo njengokutshaya okanye ukutya ukutya okungenamsoco. Ngomngeni wezinye iingcamango zethu ezingalunganga malunga nokuba njani kwaye abantu baziphatha njani njengoko benzayo, izazi zengqondo ziyakwazi ukunika iimpendulo ezikunceda ukulungisa iingxaki zehlabathi.
Ngokungafani nomqondo oqhelekileyo, iingqondo zithembela kwiindlela zenzululwazi ukuphanda imibuzo kwaye zifike kwizigqibo. Kungokusebenzisa iindlela zobugcisa abaphandi abakwaziyo ukufumana ubudlelwane phakathi kweenguqu ezahlukeneyo. Iingcali zengqondo zisebenzisa uluhlu lwezakhono zokufunda ingqondo yomntu kunye nokuziphatha, kuquka ukubonwa kwemvelo , ukuvavanya, uphando lwamaxesha , kunye nemibuzo.
Iingcali zengqondo zijongene neengxaki ezivela kwiiMbono ezininzi
Izihloko kunye nemibuzo kwiengqondo ziyakhangelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Masithathe isihloko sesigonyamelo njengomzekelo. Ezinye izazi zengqondo zijonge indlela iinjongo ze-biological ezenza ngayo ubudlova, ngelixa ezinye iingcali zengqondo zijongana nendlela izinto ezifana neenkcubeko, ubudlelwane beentsapho, uxinzelelo loluntu, kunye neendlela eziphathekayo ezichaphazela ubudlova.
Ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zengqondo ziquka:
- Umbono wezinto eziphilayo
- Umbono wengqondo
- Umbono wokuziphatha
- Umbono wezinguquko
- Umbono wobuntu
Umbono ngamnye usinceda ukufaka iqela elitsha lokuqonda kwisihloko.
Khawucinge, umzekelo, ukuba izazi zengqondo zizama ukuqonda izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibangelwa ukuxhatshazwa. Abanye abaphandi bangathatha ingcamango yezinto eziphilayo kwaye bajonge indlela i-genetics kunye nengqondo echaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha. Esinye isazi sezengqondo singathatha indlela yokuziphatha kwaye sijonge iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha ezinjalo eziqiniswa yendalo. Abanye abaphandi bangathatha ingqalelo yoluntu kwaye bahlalutye impembelelo yokuba ixinzelelo leqela lingaba neendlela zokuxhatshazwa.
Akukho mbono oyedwa "ulungile." Umbono ngamnye ugalela indlela esiyiqonda ngayo isihloko kwaye ivumela abaphandi ukuba bahlalutye iimpembelelo ezininzi ezenza igalelo kwizenzo ezithile kwaye zize zifumane izicombululo ezihlukeneyo zokulwa nezenzo ezinengxaki kwaye zikhuthaze iziphumo ezingcono kunye nokuziphatha okunempilo.
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Iingqinisiso Zengqondo Ezingqinisisiweyo Zokufunda Into Entsha
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Abaphandi baFundisisa njani i-Psychology: Hlaziya iziSeko
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeMingxube ziye zaphazamiseka ukujongana neengxaki ezahlukeneyo
Ukongezelela kwimiba eyahlukeneyo, kukho ezininzi amagcisa ezengqondo. Iingcali zengqondo zihlala zikhetha ukulungiselela indawo ethile. Uhlobo lwesifo sengqondo oluyidingayo luxhomekeke kwimeko yengxaki ojongene nayo.
Ezinye zezona ndawo ezincinci ngaphakathi kwengqondo zengqondo yeklinikhi , ingqondo yengqondo , ingqondo yeengqondo , uphuhliso lwezesengqondweni kunye nentlalo yengqondo . Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezingokomzwelo okanye zengqondo, unokufuna ukubhekisela kwiklinikhi okanye kwi-psychologist. Ukuba unombuzo malunga nokuba umntwana wakho ukhula ngokuqhelekileyo, ngoko unokufuna ukubuza ingqondo yengqondo.
Ezinye izazi zengqondo zisebenza kwintsimi yempilo yengqondo ukunyanga izigulane ezinengxaki yokugula ngengqondo nokukhathazeka kwengqondo. Iintsimi ezifana neklinikhi, ukucebisa, kunye neengqondo zezempilo zijolise ekuncedeni abantu abaneempilo yengqondo kunye nempilo.
Ezinye izazi zengqondo zisebenza kwiindawo ezisemagunyeni ezisetyenzisiweyo ezifana neengqondo zengqondo kunye neengqondo-zentlalo-mbutho ukulungisa iingxaki zehlabathi.
Kanti ezinye iingcali zengqondo zigxila emsebenzini wazo kuphando ukufaka isandla ekuqondeni kwengqondo kunye nokuziphatha komntu. Ezi ngqondo zengqondo zingabandakanya kwindawo ethile njengentuthuko, ukuziphatha kwezentlalo, ukuqonda, okanye ubuntu.
I-Psychology Ingaphezu Kwempilo Yengqondo
Xa ucinga ngeengqondo, ngaba ucinga ngoluphi uphuphaza unomxholo wokubhala iingcamango njengoko umthengi ebika amava abantwana? Nangona unyango ngokuqinisekileyo luyinxalenye enkulu yeengqondo, akusona yinto kuphela abaphathi beengqondo. Enyanisweni, ezininzi iingqondo zeengqondo azisebenzi kwinkalo yengqondo yengqondo. I-Psychology iquka ezinye iindawo kuquka ukufundisa, uphando kunye nokubonisana.
Iingcali zengqondo zisebenza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:
- Iikholeji neeyunivesithi
- Amashishini abucala
- Izikolo ze-K-12
- Izibhedlele
- Kwiiofisi zikaRhulumente
Impilo yengqondo ngokuqinisekileyo iyona nto inomdla kwizengqondo, kodwa izazi zeengqondo zenza izinto ezinjengezembaleki zonyango ziye zenze iinjongo zabo kunye nokugxilwa kwengqondo , zincede ukuyila imikhiqizo ekhuselekileyo kwaye luncedo, kwaye sincede amashishini aqonde indlela yokuchaphazela abathengi.
I-Psychology Yonke Iyakujikeleza
I-Psychology ayikho nje imfundo yezifundo ezikhoyo kuphela kumagumbi okufundela, iilabhu zophando kunye neofisi zempilo yengqondo. Imigaqo yengqondo ingabonwa yonke indawo kwiimeko zonke.
Iimboniso zentengiso kunye nokuprinta iintengiso ozibonayo yonke imihla zixhomekeke kwi-psychology ukuphuhlisa imilayezo yokuthengisa echaphazelayo nokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bathenge iimveliso ezipapashwe. Iiwebhusayithi ozivakashelayo rhoqo zisebenzisa i-Psychology ukuqonda indlela abantu abayifunayo ngayo, basebenzise, batyekele ulwazi oluthile kwi-intanethi.
I-Psychology inokudlala indima ekuphuculeni impilo kunye nenhlalakahle yakho. Ngokomzekelo, ukuqonda eminye yemigaqo-siseko yokuziphatha kwengqondo ingase ifikeleleke ukuba uzama ukuphula umkhwa ombi kwaye uqalise iinkqubo ezintsha. Ukukwazi ngakumbi ngezinye zezinto ezikhuthaza ukuziphatha kunokunceda xa uzama ukunamathela kwisicwangciso sokulahlekelwa kwesisindo okanye uhlolo lomzimba. Ukunqoba i-phobias, ukulawula uxinzelelo, ukuphucula izakhono zonxibelelwano, nokwenza izigqibo ezingcono zizinto ezimbalwa zezinto ezenza uncedo lwezengqondo.
Ukuba Unenkinga, Kukho mhlawumbi isazi sengqondo esingasinceda
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengqondo zeengqondo; ngalinye lijolise ekuxazululeni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki kwihlabathi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntwana wakho unenkinga esikolweni, unokufuna isiluleko kwi- psychologist yesikolo ekhethekileyo ekuncediseni abantwana ukuba bajongane nemicimbi yezemfundo, yentlalo, yemvakalelo kunye neminye. Ukuba unomdla malunga nomzali osekhulile okanye ukhulu-nkulu, unokufuna ukubonisana nengcali yezengqondo ephuhlisayo oqeqeshiwe ngokukhethekileyo kunye nolwazi kwimicimbi enxulumene nokuguga.
Ukuze ufumane ukuba yiyiphi iprofesenti efanelekile kwiimfuno zakho, inceda ukuqonda ezinye zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zoqeqesho kunye neemfuno zelayisenisi kwimimandla ekhethekileyo. Ukuba uzama ukukhetha i-psychotherapist, kunokukunceda nokuba ufunde okungakumbi malunga nabaqeqeshi abakwaziyo ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zonyango .
Ukuba ucinga ngeyona nto inokwakheka kwengqondo, ngoko kufuneka ujabule ukufumanisa ukuba kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhetha. Izindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza zixhomekeke kakhulu kumgangatho wakho wemfundo kunye namava omsebenzi, ngoko kubalulekile ukuphanda uqeqesho olufunekayo kunye neemfuno zelayisenisi kwindawo ekhethiweyo. Zimbalwa zeendlela ezikhethwa ngumsebenzi zibandakanya i- psychology yengqondo , i-psychology ye-forensic, i-psychology yezempilo , kunye ne -psychology-organizing psychology .
Iingcali zeengqondo zijolise ekwenzeni abantu ubomi bube ngcono
Phakathi kweenjongo eziphambili zengqondo , ukuchaza, ukuchaza, ukuqikelela, nokuphucula ukuziphatha kwabantu. Nangona umsebenzi weengqondo zeengqondo unokuhluka kakhulu, bonke bawabelana ngeenjongo eziphezulu: ukunceda abantu baphile ubomi obubhetele. Ezinye izazi zengqondo zifezekisa ngoku ngokunikela ngokuqonda kwethu ngokubanzi indlela abantu bacinga ngayo, bazive baziphathe ngayo. Ezinye izazi zengqondo zisebenza kwisetyenziselwa ukulungisa iingxaki zehlabathi zangempela ezichaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, abaninzi abanokholo kwengqondo banikezela ubomi babo ekuncedeni abantu abanengxaki yeengqondo. Unokufumana ezi ngcali ezisebenza kwizibhedlele, iikliniki zempilo yengqondo, iindlela zokuzimela, kunye nezinye izicwangciso zokuxilonga iingxaki zengqondo kunye nokubonelela ngengqondo yengqondo kubantu abavela kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi.
ILizwi
Njengoko uyakubona, ingqondo yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nesithakazelisayo esinokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezininzi zobomi. Ukuba uke wathanda ukufunda ngaphezulu malunga nokuba kutheni abantu bacinga kwaye benze ngendlela abayenzayo, ngoko ukufunda i-psychology yindlela enkulu yokufumana ukuqonda okukhulu kumava omntu.
I-Psychology inefuthe elinamandla kwihlabathi namhlanje, oko kutheni kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda indima efunyanwa ngulo myalelo kwiindawo ezibandakanya izifundo, uphando kunye nempilo yengqondo. Ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla buchaphazeleke kakhulu ekusebenzisaneni kwe-biology, ubudlelwane bethu, kunye neenkqubo zethu zengqondo. Iingcali zengqondo ziyakwazi ukuqonda indima ezi zinto zidlala ekuthinteleleni impilo, ulonwabo kunye nentlalo-ntle. Ngokufunda okungakumbi malunga neengqinisiso zengqondo, unokufumana ukuqonda okucebileyo kwezi ndlela ezininzi ezikuchaphazela ubomi bakho.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychological Association. Ukunceda Abantu Bathuthukise Ubomi Babo. I-Psychology: I-Science in Action.
> I-Bureau of Labor Statistics, iSebe lezeMisebenzi yase-US. I-Occupational Outlook Handbook: Iingcali zengqondo. 2016-17.