Ubuntu beengqondo
Ubani ngokuqinisekileyo ubuntu? Ukuqonda ubuntu bakho kukunceda njani ukuba ube nolwazi oluthe xaxa kwintlalo yakho? Ubuntu yinto abantu abahlala bayichaza, kodwa abaninzi abayiqondi ngokucacileyo oko uphando lwesayensi luluntu. Ubuntu bakho obuyingqayizivele obwenza ukuba ungubani kwaye uphephe yonke into ebuhlotsheni bakho ngendlela ohlala kuyo.
Ubunono bezengqondo ngenye yezona zikhulu kunye nezithandwayo ezithandwa kakhulu zengqondo . Iingcali zengqondo zizama ukuqonda indlela ubuntu bukhula ngayo nendlela ekuchaphazela ngayo indlela esicinga ngayo nokuziphatha ngayo. Le ngingqi yengqondo ifuna ukuqonda ubuntu kunye nendlela ihluka ngayo kubantu kunye nendlela abantu abafana ngayo ngokubhekiselele kubuntu. Iingcali zengqondo zivavanya, zixilonge, kwaye ziphathe ukuphazamiseka komntu onokuphazamisa ubomi bomntu ngamnye ngemini.
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Ubuntu Buni?
Yintoni eyenza wena ukuba ungubani? Ngokuqinisekileyo, ezininzi izinto zifaka isandla kumntu onamhlanje, kubandakanywa nemfuza yakho, ukukhuliswa kwakho kunye namava akho obomi.
Uninzi luya kuthetha ukuba into eyenza ukuba uyingqayizivele yimizekelo yesimo seengcamango, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha okwenza ubuntu bakho.
Nangona kungekho mntu ovunyelweneyo kunye nentsingiselo yobuntu, ngokuqhelekileyo kucatshangelwa ukuba yinto evela ngaphakathi komntu kwaye ihlala ivumelana ngokufanelekileyo kulo lonke ubomi. Iquka zonke iingcamango, iipatheni zokuziphatha kunye neemeko zentlalo ezichaphazela indlela esizijonga ngayo kunye noko sikholelwa ngabanye kunye nehlabathi elisijikelezayo.
Ukuqonda ubuntu kuvumela ukuba izazi zengqondo ziqikelele indlela abantu abaya kuphendula ngayo kwiimeko ezithile kunye neentlobo zezinto abazikhethayo nokuzixabisa.
Ukuze uqonde indlela abaphandi abaye bahlola ngayo ubuntu beengqondo, kubalulekile ukuqala ngokufunda okungakumbi malunga namanye amacandelo anobomi abanefuthe.
Iingcali Zeengqondo Zicinga Njani Ngomntu?
Inani leengcamango ezahlukeneyo ziye zavela ukuchaza iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobuntu. Ezinye iingcamango zijolise ekuchazeni indlela ubuntu bukhula ngayo, ngelixa abanye banenkxalabo yokuhlukana komntu.
Ubuntu buvame ukuchazwa kwiMigqaliselo yeMpawu
Iingcamango zengqondo zobuntu zijoliswe kwiingcamango zobuntu ukuba zenziwe ngamanani amaninzi ahlukeneyo. Iingcamango ezahlukeneyo zinconywe kule minyaka ukuba zizame ukuchonga ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezisetyenziswa njengezinto eziphambili zobuntu kunye nokugqiba inani lezinto zobuntu .
Isazi sengqondo uGordon Allport ungomnye wabokuqala ukuchaza ubuntu ngokwemiqathango yodwa.
Ngombono wakhe, uncomele ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempawu. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo yizo ezabelwana ngabantu abaninzi kwiinkcubeko ezithile. Impawu eziMbindi yilezo ezenza ubuntu bomntu. Iimpawu zekhadineli yilezo zilawulwa kakhulu ukuba umntu uyaziwa ngokuyinhloko ngalawo mpawu. Ngokomzekelo, uMama Teresa wayaziwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe onobubele onokuba igama lakhe lalingqineka ukukhonza abo bafuna.
Ngoxa u-Allport wayecebise ukuba kukho ubuninzi beempawu ezi-4 000, isazi senzululwazi uRaymond Cattell sicetyise ukuba kukho ezili-16 . Kwakhona wayekholelwa ukuba ezi zinto zikhona kwi-continuum kwaye bonke abantu banayo impawu nganye kwiimilinganiselo ezahlukeneyo. Kamva, isazi sengqondo sezengqondo uHans Eysenck sancinca olu luhlu lweempawu ngakumbi kwaye lwacetyiswa ukuba kwakukho ezintathu kuphela: ukuxubusha, ukuxhaphaza, kunye nokukhathazeka kwengqondo.
Iingcamango "ezinkulu ezinhlanu" mhlawumbi ziyaziwayo kwaye ziyamkeleka kakhulu impawu zobuntu namhlanje.
Le ngcamango iphakamisa ukuba ubuntu benziwa ngamahlanu ububanzi bomntu obanzi: ukuxubusha, ukuvumelanisa, ukunyaniseka, ukungaboni kakuhle, nokuvuleka. Umxholo ngamnye ukhona njengophuhliso olubanzi, kwaye ubuntu bomntu ngamnye bukho kwindawo ethile kuloo mpawu nganye. Ngokomzekelo, unakho ukuphakama okukhulu, unembeza kunye nokuvumelanisa ngelixa uphakathi kwimiqathango yokuvuleka kunye neuroticism.
Ezinye iingcamango Jonga indlela Ubuntu obuKhula ngayo kunye noTshintsho ngoBomi
Ingcamango kaFrud yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo yoxhatshazo ngenye yeengcamango zobuntu ezibalaseleyo, kodwa enye yeyona nkxalabo. NgokukaFreud, abantwana bayathuthuka ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lwamanyathelo okuphuhlisa ubuntu. Kwinqanaba ngalinye, amandla e-libidinal, okanye amandla aqhuba zonke izinto zokuziphatha kwabantu, agxininisa kwimimandla ethile. Ukuphumelela kwinqanaba ngalinye kukuphumelela kwisigaba esilandelayo sokuphuhliswa, kodwa ukungaphumeleli kwinqanaba elithile lingakhokelela kwizilungiso ezinokuchaphazela ubuntu buntu abadala.
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Kuthetha ukuthini Ukuba nohlobo lweMpawu zobuntu?
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Indlela i-Sociopaths eyahlukileyo ngayo kwi-Psychopaths
Esinye isazi sezengqondo egama linguErik Erikson sichaze uluhlu lwezifundo ezisibhozo zengqondo ezenziwa ngabantu ngexesha lobomi. Icandelo ngalinye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni ubuntu kunye nezakhono zengqondo. Ngexesha ngalinye, umntu ubhekane neengxaki zentuthuko ekhonza njengenguqu yokuphuhlisa.
U-Erikson wayenomdla ngakumbi kwindlela intsebenziswano yentlalontle echaphazela ngayo ukuphuhliswa kobuntu kwaye ngokukodwa wayekhathalele ukuphuhliswa koko akubiza ngokuba yi-ego identity. Ukugqiba ngokuphumelelayo amanyathelo kukhokelela ekuphuhliseni ubuntu obuphilileyo. Nangona inkolelo kaFreud yaphakamisa ukuba ubomi bubekwe ngokusisiseko kwaye bubekwe esityebaneni kakhulu, u-Erikson ukholelwa ukuba ubuntu buqhubeka nokukhula kwaye bukhule kulo lonke ubomi.
Ubuntu Buvavanywa Njani?
Ukuze ufunde kwaye ulinganise ubuntu, izazi zengqondo ziye zavelisa inani leemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zobuntu, iimvavanyo kunye neencwadi. Uninzi lwale mvavanyo luyasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicwangciso ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, i- Myer-Briggs I-Indicator Type okanye i-MBTI idla ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo njengophando lokuhlola ukuqala kwangaphambili.
Ezinye iimvavanyo zingasetyenziselwa ukunceda abantu bafunde kabanzi malunga neendlela ezahlukeneyo zobuntu babo okanye njengamathuluzi okuhlola kunye nokuvavanya xa befumanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka komntu.
Amathuba kukuba uhlangabezane neendlela ezahlukeneyo zobuntu kwiifom ezahlukeneyo kwi-intanethi. Uninzi lwale mvavanyo lufuna ukutyhila "okwenene," kanti ezinye zicacile nje ngokuzonwabisa. Umzekelo, unokufumana imibuzo ye-intanethi echonga ukuba ngaba unobuntu obushushu okanye obungenayo . Ukufumana ukuqonda kangcono izinto ezinjalo ngawe ngamanye amaxesha kunokukunceda uqonde ngakumbi ukuba kutheni usebenza kakuhle nabanye okanye kutheni ngezinye izikhathi uvakalelwa ngathi ufuna nje ixesha elincinane.
Isibalulekileyo kukukhumbula ukuba naluphina uvavanyo oluthatha i-intanethi kufuneka ukuba luthathwe ngqolowa yetyuwa. Ezi zixhobo ezingaqhelekanga ziyakonwaba kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zikwazi ukunikela ingqiqo kwizinto ozikhethayo kunye neempawu, kodwa kuphela iimvavanyo zobuntu ezilawulwa ngabaqeqeshi abaqeqeshwe nabaqeqeshiweyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe naluphina uhlobo lokuhlola olusemthethweni okanye ukuxilongwa.
Ukuba uye wafumanisa i-Disorder Person
Ubuntu bezengqondo nje kuphela ukufunda indlela ubuntu bukhula ngayo, kodwa banomdla kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo ezinokuvela. Kuye kwafumanisa ubuninzi bezinto ezihlukeneyo zobuntu ezingaba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yomntu kunye nokusebenza.
I-National Institute of Health mentals ingxelo ukuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-9.1 zabantu abadala base-US bafumana iimpawu zobunzima bodwa ubunzima bonyaka ngamnye. Ngoko, yintoni kanye ingxaki yomntu? Ezi ngxaki zibonakaliswe zizifo ezingapheliyo kunye neengxaki eziphazamisayo ezichaphazela iingcamango, ukuziphatha, kunye nokusebenza ngokubambisana. I- DSM-5 ngoku iluhlu lweengxaki ezili-10 ezahlukeneyo zobuntu. Ezi ziquka ukungabikho komntu onobungozi, ukukhathazeka komntu ongenamkhawulo, ukuphazamiseka komntu kunye nokukhathazeka komntu.
Ukufunyaniswa ukuba unesifo somntu kunokuhlala kuphazamisekile, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uncedo lukhoyo. Ngokusebenzisana neengcali zempilo yengqondo, unokufumana iindlela zokuqonda ubunzima obu bangela ukuba izi ngxaki zingabangela ebomini bakho kwaye zihlole iindlela ezintsha zokulwa.
Kulungile ukuvakalelwa kwaye ukhathazeke malunga nexesha elizayo, kodwa into ebalulekileyo ukuba uyikhumbule kukuba akumele ujongane nayo yedwa. Kukho abantu abaqeqeshwe, abanezakhono, kwaye balungele ukukunceda ukuba uthathe amanyathelo alandelayo kunyango lwakho. Ngokuxhomekeka kwisifo sakho, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma uhlobo oluthile lwe- psychotherapy , uqeqesho lwezakhono, amayeza, okanye ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke ezintathu. Isibalulekileyo kukusebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye neqela lakho lononophelo lwezempilo ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango egxile kwiimfuno kunye neenjongo zakho.
ILizwi
Ubuntu sisifundo esibanzi esichukumisa phantse yonke into eyenza abantu abanjalo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo zokucinga ngobuntu, njengokugxila kwiimpawu ezithile okanye ukujonga kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso ezenzekayo njengoko kubonakala buntu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kutshintsha ixesha.
Iingcali zengqondo azikhangeli nje ukuqonda ubuntu obuqhelekileyo buntu, kodwa ekuqapheliseni ukuphazamiseka kwezinto ezinokubangela uxinzelelo okanye ubunzima besikolo, umsebenzi, ubudlelwane kunye nezinye iindawo zokuphila eziphambili. Ngokukwazi ukufumanisa iingxaki ezinjalo, iingcali zengqondo ziyakwazi ukubanceda abantu bahlakulele izakhono ukuze bahlangabezane kangcono kunye nokulawula iimpawu zeengxaki zobuntu.
> Imithombo:
> McCrae RR, Costa PT. Ukuqinisekiswa kwemodeli emihlanu yezinto zobuntu kwizixhobo kunye nababonayo. Umbhalo woBuntu kunye neNzululwazi yeNtlalo . 1987; 52: 81-90.
> Isizwe seSizwe seMpilo yengqondo. Ubunzima: Naluphi na ukukhathazeka komntu.