UGordon Allport wayengumgqirha weengqondo ohlala ebizwa ngokuba ngumnye wabasunguli bezengqondo. Wayegatya izikolo ezimbini eziphambili zengcamango yengqondo ngelo xesha, i-psychoanalysis kunye nokuziphatha, ngokuthanda indlela yakhe egxininise ukubaluleka kweenguqu ezihlukeneyo kunye nezimo zeemeko.
Namhlanje mhlawumbi uyakhunjulwa ngokubalulekileyo ngeminikelo yakhe kwimfundiso yobuntu .
Ekuhlaziyweni kweengcali zengqondo zentsholongwane yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, i-Allport ibekwe njengowesi- 11 esona sikhulu seengqondo .
Obomi bakwangoko
UGordon Allport wazalelwa eMontezuma, e-Indiana, ngoNovemba 11, 1897. Wayenguye mncinci kubazalwana abane kwaye wayehlala echazwa njengentloni, kodwa naye usebenza nzima kunye nokufunda. Unina wayengutitshala wesikolo kunye noyise wayengumgqirha owafaka i-Allport umsebenzi oqinileyo wokusebenza. Ngethuba lobuncinci, uyise wayesebenzisa indlu yendlu kwindlu aze aphathe izigulane.
U-Allport wasebenza ibhizinisini lakhe lokunyhicilela ngexesha leminyaka yakhe yobutsha kwaye wakhonza njengomhleli wephephandaba lakhe eliphakamileyo. Ngo-1915, u-Allport waphumelela okwesibini eklasini waza wafumana i-scholarship e-Harvard College, apho omnye wabazalwana bakhe abadala, u-Floyd Henry Allport, wayesebenza kwi-Ph.D. kwingqondo.
Emva kokufumana i-bachelor degree kwifilosofi kunye noqoqosho oluvela eHarvard ngo-1919, u-Allport waya e-Istanbul, eTurkey, ukufundisa ifilosofi kunye nezoqoqosho.
Emva komnyaka wokufundisa, wabuyela eHarvard ukugqiba izifundo zakhe. U-Allport wathola i-Ph.D. kwi-psychology ngo-1922 phantsi kolawulo lukaHugo Munsterberg .
Ukuhlangana neSigmund Freud
Incoko ethi "Iipatheni kunye noKhula koBuntu," u-Allport wachaza ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwintlanganiso yesifo sengqondo uSigmund Freud .
Ngowe-1922, u-Allport waya eVienna, e-Austria, ukudibana nomntu owaziwayo we-psychoanalyst. Emva kokungena eofisini likaFreud, wahlala phantsi etyhafile waza wachazela ibali malunga nenkwenkwana eyayiyibona kwisitimela ngexesha lokuya eVienna. Le nkwenkwe, u-Allport wachaza, wayeyika ukuba angcolile kwaye akazange avume ukuhlala apho indoda eyayingcolile yayihlala khona. U-Allport wachazwa ukuba umntwana ufumene ukuziphatha kumama wakhe, owabonakala enamandla kakhulu.
UFrud wafunda u-Allport umzuzwana waza wabuza, "Ngaba le nto yinkwenkwana?"
Impembelelo kwindlela eya kwiSychology
U-Allport wayejonge amava njengenzame kaFrud ukuba aphendule umboniso olula ukuhlalutya kwe-Allport ecinga ukuba ayikhumbuli inkumbulo yobuntwana bakhe. Amava aya kukhonza njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi i- psychoanalysis yayijonge ukumba kakhulu. Ukuziphatha , ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Allport wayekholelwa, akazange acinge ngokubanzi. Kunoko, u-Allport wakhetha ukulahla kokubili i-psychoanalysis nokuziphatha kwaye wavuma indlela yakhe ekhethekileyo yobuntu.
Kule ngongoma kwimbali yengqondo, ukuziphatha kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo eUnited States kunye ne-psychoanalysis yahlala ithonya elinamandla. Indlela ye-Allport yokusingqongileyo kwengqondo idibanise impembelelo ephawulekayo yabenzi bokuziphatha ngokuvuma ukuba iimpembelelo ezingenaziphumo nazo zinokudlala indima ekuziphatheni komntu.
Umsebenzi kunye neNyilo
U-Allport waqala ukusebenza eHarvard ngo-1924 waza wabuya wamkela isikhundla kwiDartmouth. Ngowe-1930, wabuyela eHarvard apho wayeza kuhlala khona yonke emfundo yakhe. Ngethuba lokuqala kunyaka wakhe eHarvard, wafundisa oko kwakukho ubunzima bokuqala bezengqondo ezenziwa eMelika. Umsebenzi wakhe njengomfundisi uye waba nomthelela omkhulu kwabanye abafundi bakhe, okuquka uStanley Milgram , uJerome S. Bruner, uLootman, uTomet Pettigrew kunye no-Anthony Greenwald.
Umxholo woMntu woBuntu
U-Allport mhlawumbi uyaziwa ngokuba ngumxholo wakhe wobuntu.
Waqala ukuhlakulela le ngqungquthela ngokuhamba kwisichazizwi kwaye ebona yonke ixesha eliyifumene elichaze umgangatho wobuntu. Emva kokuqulunqwa uluhlu lweempawu ezahlukeneyo ezi- 4 500, wazihlela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zodidi, kuquka:
- Impawu zeKardinal : Ezi ziimpawu ezilawula ubuntu bomntu wonke. Iimpawu zekhadineli zicingelwa ukuba zincabile.
- Impawu eziphambili: Impawu eziqhelekileyo ezenza bethu ubuqu. Iimpawu ezifana nobubele, ukunyaniseka, kunye nobuhlobo yimizekelo yeempawu eziphambili.
- Iimpawu zesekondari: Ezi ziimpawu ezikhoyo kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile kunye neemeko ezithile. Umzekelo wendlela yesibini iya kuba neentloni ngaphambi kokuhambisa intetho kwiqela elikhulu labantu.
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
U-Allport wasweleka ngo-Oktobha 9, 1967. Ukongeza kwimiba yakhe yobuntu, wamshiya uphawu olungabonakaliyo kwizengqondo. Njengomnye wemilinganiselo yokusekwa kweengqondo zengqondo, impembelelo yakhe engapheliyo ivakalelwa namhlanje. Esikhundleni sokugxila kwiindlela ze-psychoanalytic nezendlela zokuziphatha ezazidume ngexesha lakhe, u-Allport esikhundleni sakhe wakhetha ukusebenzisa indlela eclectic.
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo
Nazi ezinye ze-Allport imisebenzi yokufunda okuqhubekayo:
- Allport GW. Ubuntu: Ukuchazwa kweengqondo. ENew York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston; 1937.
- Allport GW. Umntu ngamnye kunye nenkolo yakhe. ENew York: McMillan; - 1950.
- Allport GW. Ubume bentlalo. I-Cambridge, MA: I-Addison-Wesley; 1954.
- Allport GW. Ukuba: Ukuqwalasela ngokusisiseko ngeengqondo zengqondo. Indawo entsha: I-Yale University Press; 1955.
- Allport GW. Umzekelo kunye noKhula koBuntu. ENew York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston; 1961.
> Imithombo:
> Allport GW. Umzekelo kunye noKhula koBuntu . ENew York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston; 1961.
> Haggbloom SJ, Warnick R, Warnick JE, et al. I-100 yezona ziNgcono zeeNgqondo zonyaka wama-20 . Ukuphononongwa kweNgcaciso yengqondo. 2002; 6 (2): 139-152.