Inkcazo yoLuntu lwezeNzululwazi
Yiyiphi into eyenza isimo sethu sengqondo? Kutheni abanye abantu bezona nkokeli ezinkulu? Ubandlululo lukhula njani, kwaye sinokuyinqoba njani? Le yimibuzo embalwa yemibuzo enomdla kwintsimi yezengqondo. Iingcali zengqondo zentlalo zijongene nemiba enokubangela impembelelo enkulu kwimpilo kunye nenhlalakahle yabantu, ukuqonda ukuba kutheni ukuziphatha kakubi nokuxhatshazwa kwenzeke ukuhlalutya ukuba kutheni ngamanye amaxesha abantu bangakwazi ukunceda abantu abanesidingo.
Yintoni i-Psychology?
Ngokwenzululwazi yengqondo uGordon Allport , ingqondo yengqondo yindlela esebenzisa iindlela zesayensi "ukuqonda nokucacisa indlela iingcamango, iimvakalelo kunye nendlela abaziphatha ngayo ngabanye abachaphazela ngayo, ukucinga, okanye ukubonakala kwabanye abantu." Okubalulekileyo, ingqondo yengqondo yintlalo yinto malunga nokuqonda indlela ukuziphatha komntu ngamnye kuchatshazelwa ngayo kwimeko yentlalo apho kuqhutyelwa khona ukuziphatha.
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Ukuqonda ukuXhumana phakathi kokuZityhila kunye noBudlelwane
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Inkxaso yeNtlalo i-Imperative for Health and Well-Being
Mhlawumbi uqaphele ukuba abanye abantu banokuba nefuthe elimangalisayo endleleni osebenza ngayo kunye nezigqibo ozenzayo. Khawucinge ngendlela onokuziphatha ngayo kwimiba ukuba ungeyedwa wodwa xa kukho abanye abantu egumbini. Izigqibo ozenzayo kunye neziphathamandla ozibonisayo zinganciki nje kuphela kuba bangaphi abantu abalapho kodwa ukuba ngubani na ohlala kuyo. Umzekelo, mhlawumbi uya kuziphatha ngokungafaniyo xa ujikeleze iqela labahlobo abasondeleyo kunokuba ujikeleze iqela labalingane okanye abaphathi besuka emsebenzini.
Iingqondo zentlalo zijongene neentlobo ezininzi zezihloko zentlalo, kuquka:
- Ukuziphatha kweqela
- Umbono woluntu
- Ubukhokeli
- Ukuziphatha okungabonakaliyo
- Ukuvumelana
- Inkcaso
- Ukhethe
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ingqondo yezentlalo ayikho nje ngokujongana nempembelelo yentlalo. Umbono wezenhlalakahle kunye nentsebenziswano yentlalo nayo ibalulekile ekuqondeni ukuziphatha kwentlalo. Indlela esibona ngayo abanye abantu (kunye nendlela esicinga ukuba bayibona ngayo) inokudlala indima eninzi kwizenzo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezigqibo. Cinga nje ngomzuzwana malunga nendlela ohlala ngayo ngokungafaniyo kwindawo yoluntu kunokuba unakho xa uhlala ekhaya. Ekhaya ungase uphakamise kwaye uphawuleze, ngelixa uluntu unokuba luncinci kwaye lugcinwe.
Kutheni oku? Ngenxa yokuba abantu abasondelene nathi bajonge iingcamango, iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, iingcinga kunye nemibono. Ukuba khona kwabanye abantu kungenza umehluko kwizigqibo esizenzayo kunye nezenzo esizithathayo.
Nangona i-psychology yezenhlalakahle ihlala yintsimi yezemfundo, uphando olwenziwa ngabafundi bezengqondo zentlalo kwaye lunempembelelo enkulu ekuqondeni kwethu imiba eyahlukeneyo yempilo yengqondo kunye nokuphila.
Ngokomzekelo, uphando olwenziwe ngokuhambisana nalo luye lwafaka isandla ekuqondeni ukuba kutheni amaxesha athile abantu beselula bahamba ubude obude ukuze bahambelane neqela labo lentlalo-ngamanye amaxesha, banokulimaza impilo yabo kunye nokuphila kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko, izazi zengqondo ziyakwazi ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zempilo yoluntu kunye neendlela zokwelapha ezijoliswe ekuncediseni abaselula ukuba banqande iimpawu ezinobungozi ezifana nokubhema, ukusela, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
Abantu Benza Njani Inomdla Kwizentlalo Zengqondo?
Ngelixa uPlato wayebhekiselele kwingcamango yokuba "ingqondo yabantu," kunye neengcamango ezinjengokuhluthwa kwezentlalo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezentlalo zenziwa ekupheleni kwee-1800, bekungekho emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ukuba uphando ngeengqondo zentlalo luqala ngokunyanisekileyo.
Iimbandezelo zokuHolocaust zakhokelela abaphandi ukuba bafunde imiphumo yempembelelo yentlalo, ukuthobela kunye nokuthobela . Yintoni ebangela ukuba kutheni abantu abaninzi bathatha inxaxheba kwizinto ezinjalo ezimbi nezobubi, iingcali zengqondo zentlalo zibuza? Ngaba abantu babemlandela nje imithetho kunye nokukhothamela uxinzelelo loluntu, okanye ngaba kukho ezinye izinto ezenza umsebenzi okhokelela abantu ukuba bahlanganyele kwizenzo ezinjalo eziphazamisayo?
Ngokuphanda le mibuzo, izazi zengqondo zentlalo zakwazi ukufumana ukuqonda okukhulu kwamandla entlalo njengentlawulo, ukuthobela , nokuthobela.
Ngokomzekelo, isazi sengqondo sezentlalo uStanley Milgram, sikwazi ukubonisa indlela abantu abazimisele ngayo ukuthobela amagosa. Kwisiqendu sezinto ezibuhlungu kangaka , u-Milgram kunye nabalingane bakhe bacele ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bafundise ukuhambisa into ababekholelwa ukuba yinto eyingozi kumntu omnye. Enyanisweni, ukutshatyalaliswa kwakungekho okwenene kwaye omnye umntu wayezenza nje ukulimaza ngamagalelo kagesi-kodwa ama-65 ekhulwini abo bathatha inxaxheba ekufundweni banikela ubuninzi bokutshatyalaliswa nje kuba igunya labaxelela ukuba njenjalo.
I-psychology yezenhlalakahle iye yaqhubeka ikhula kwiphondo lemashumi mabini, uphando olukhuthazayo oluye lwaba negalelo ekuqondeni kwethu amava nokuziphatha kwabantu. Ihlabathi lethu lentlalo lenza inxalenye enkulu kangaka yobomi bethu, ngoko akumangalisi ukuba esi sihloko sinomdla kakhulu kuninzi.
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Intshukumo Yenkohlakalo Inokuthi Ikugcine Ukufikelela Kwakho Okusemandleni
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Ziziphi iintlobo 9 zoNxibelelwano olungabonakaliyo ongabikhoyo?
I-Psychology yeNtlalo ihluke njani kwezinye iimfundiso?
Kubalulekile ukwahlula i-psychology yoluntu kwiinkalo ezimbalwa ezifanayo kunye nezihlobene. I-psychology yezenhlalakahle idla ngokudibana kunye nobulumko bendoda, ingqondo yengqondo kunye neentlalo. Yintoni eyenza i-psychology yoluntu ihluke? Ngokungafani nobulumko bendoda, ekhokelela ekuqwalaselweni kwe-anecdotal kunye nokuchazwa ngokuzimela, i-psychology yoluntu isebenzisa iindlela zesayensi kunye nokufundisisa ngokuziqhelanisa kwezentlalo. Abaphandi abakwenzi nje ukuqikelela okanye ukucinga malunga nendlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo; bacinga kwaye benze iimvavanyo ezibanceda ukubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kweenguqu ezahlukeneyo.
Nangona ubuntu bezengqondo zijolise kwiimpawu, iimpawu kunye neengcamango, i-psychology yoluntu ijolise kwiimeko. Iingcali zengqondo zentlalo zinomdla kwimpembelelo yokuba intlalo yoluntu kunye nokusebenzisana kweqela kunemeko yokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha.
Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwengqondo kunye nentlalo yoluntu. Nangona kukho ukufana okuninzi phakathi kwembini, i-sociology ithambekele ekujongeni ukuziphatha kwentlalo kunye nefuthe kwinqanaba elibanzi. Izazi zenzululwazi zinomdla kumaziko nakwiinkcubeko ezichaphazela indlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo. Iingcali zengqondo zijolise kwiimeko ezichasene nezimo ezichaphazela ukuziphatha kwentlalo. Nangona i-psychology kunye neentlalo-ntsapho zifunda izihloko ezifanayo, zijonge kule mibuzo zivela kwimibono eyahlukileyo.
ILizwi
Yintoni eyenza i-psychology yoluntu ibaluleke kangaka? Ukubona okukhawulezayo kwiindaba zemihla ngemihla kubonisa indlela iingxaki zentlalo zichaphazela ngayo ubomi bomntu. Ngokuqonda kangcono le miba, izazi zengqondo ziyakwazi ukukhusela iindlela zokukhusela, ukuchonga nokulungisa iingxaki ezinjalo. Iingcali zengqondo zentlalo zijolise kwiinkxalabo zentlalo enempembelelo enamandla kumntu ngamnye kunye nempilo yoluntu ngokubanzi, kubandakanywa iingxaki ezifana nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ulwaphulo-mthetho, ubundlobongela, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezilwanyana, impilo yoluntu, ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokuxhatshazwa.
Iingcali zengqondo zentlalo ngokuqhelekileyo azisebenzi ngokuthe ngqo kwintsimi yempilo yengqondo, kodwa iziphumo zophando lwabo zinempembelelo enkulu kwiingcali zengqondo kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo ziphatha ukuziphatha okuphenjelelwa yimicimbi yoluntu. Iinkqubo zempilo zikawonkewonke, umzekelo, zihlala zixhomekeke kwiindlela zokukhohlisa ezichongiweyo zengqondo zentlalo ukuze zikhuthaze abantu ukuba bazibandakanye kwimilinganiselo enempilo xa bephepha izinto ezinobungozi.
> Umthombo:
> Allport, GW (1985). Imvelaphi yembali yengqondo. Ku-G. Lindzey, no-E. Aronson, (u-Ed.), INcwadi ye-Psychology, 1, (3), 1-46.