Apha nje imisebenzi embalwa kwiintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zengqondo
Ziziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengqondo ze-psychology kunye nantoni na eyenzileyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo? Xa abantu beva isigama sengqondo sengqondo, baninzi bacinga ngokukhawuleza indoda okanye ibhinqa ehleli eofisini, amanqaku okubhalwa phantsi xa umthengi ehlala kwisikhumba sokukhupha isikhumba. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho ezininzi zeengqondo zengqondo ezithatha inxaxheba kulolu hlobo lwonyango lwentetho , kodwa abantu abasebenza kwintsimi yeengqondo baphinde benze izinto ezahlukeneyo.
Ngaba wayesazi ukuba kukho iingcali zeengqondo ezihlola indlela abantu basebenzisana ngayo kunye nokusebenzisana nezixhobo kwindawo yabo? Okanye ukuba ezinye izazi zengqondo ziza ngeendlela zokuncedisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi? Ngezantsi uluhlu lweminye imimandla ekhethekileyo kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene nayo.
Iingcali zengqondo
Ezi zengqondo zihlola indlela abaziphatha ngayo abaqhubi bee-pilot kunye namanye amalungu abasebenzi abasebenza. Iingcali zengqondo zengqondo nazo zenza uphando ngokukhuseleko lweenqwelo-moya, ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ezintsha zokuqeqesha, kwaye kuncede ukhethe abasebenzi abafanelekileyo.
Ngokomzekelo, isazi senzululwazi singakhetha okanye siphucule iimvavanyo zengqondo ezisetyenziselwa ukukhenkcela abafakizicelo kwiindawo zokuzilinganisa eziphezulu. Ngenxa yobume obukhethekileyo kunye nobunzima bomsebenzi, kubalulekile ukukhetha abaviwa abaphilileyo, abanokuzinza, nabakwazi ukujamelana nokunyanzeliswa okukhulu. Iingcali zengqondo zengqondo zisebenzisa ulwazi lwabo lwezengqondo ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuphela abantu abakhethekileyo abakhethiweyo kule mi sebenzi ebalulekileyo.
Iingcali zengqondo zengqondo nazo zingasebenzisana nabanye abaqeqeshiyo kubandakanya oonjiniyela kunye neengxaki zezinto zengqondo zokubumba iinqununu ezahlukeneyo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zomoya ezifana neekliniki okanye i-flight decks. Ngokuqwalasela ingqondo yengqondo ngexesha loyilo lwenkqubo, iingcali zeengqondo zingancedisa ukuba ezi mveliso ziphuhliswe ngombono, ingqwalasela , imemori kunye nezinye izinto ezinengqondo.
Biopsychologists
Ezi zengqondo zambi ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yi-biologist psychologists okanye iingqondo zengqondo. Bafunda kwaye benze uphando kwiingqondo nokuziphatha. Ngokuhlolisisa iziseko zendlela yokuziphatha, izazi ze-biopsychologists ziyakwazi ukuqonda izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zithintele indlela abantu bacinga ngayo, bazive baziphathe ngayo.
Olu hlobo lweengqondo ze-psychology lungaphinda luphande ngendlela izifo zesifo sengqondo kunye nokulimala kweempembelelo zokuziphatha. Ngokuqonda kangcono indlela abantu abachaphazeleka ngayo ngenxa yokonakaliswa nezifo ezinjalo, abaphandi banokufumana iindlela ezintsha zokuthintelwa, ukunyanga, nokulawula ukugula okubi kwengqondo kunye nokugula.
Iingcali zengqondo
Iingcali zengqondo zonyango zivavanya, zixilonga kwaye zonyango abantu abaneengxaki zengqondo kunye nokugula kwengqondo. Baphinde benze i-psychotherapy kwaye baphuhlise izicwangciso zonyango.
Iingcali zengqondo zonyango zihlala zisebenza kwizibhedlele, iikliniki zempilo yengqondo kunye nokuzimela ngasese. Baqeqeshwe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zonyango kodwa banokwenziwa ngokukodwa ekuphatheni izifo ezithile okanye ukusebenza kunye nabantu abathile. Ngokomzekelo, i-psychologist yeklinikhi ingabandakanyeka kwingingqi efana nokuphathwa kakubi ngokweziyobisi, impilo yengqondo yomntwana, impilo yengqondo yabantu abadala okanye impilo yengqondo yengqondo.
Nangona iikliniki zengqondo zihlala zihlala kwizicwangciso zonyango, azinaloo magqirha kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi azikwazi ukumisela amayeza .
Iingcali zengqondo
Iingcali zeengqondo ziphanda indlela abantu bacinga ngayo, kubandakanywa nezihloko ezifana nokuthatha isigqibo kunye nokuxazulula iingxaki . Olu hlobo lwesazi sengqondo luyakhathalela indlela iinkqubo zengqondo, ezifunda ngayo, ezithengayo, eziqaphelayo, kwaye zisebenzise ulwazi.
Iingcali zengqondo zengqondo zingasebenza kwizicwangciso ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya iiyunivesithi, amaziko ophando, izibonelelo zokuvuselela izibhedlele, izibhedlele, i-arhente karhulumente, kunye nokuzimela ngasese. Abaqeqeshi beli qela bahlala benza imisebenzi efana nokuqhuba uphando kunye nokusebenza nezigulane.
Njengaye kwezinye iindawo zengqondo, iingqondo zengqondo zidla ngokukhethekileyo ukuba zikhethe ngokukodwa kwimimandla, ukuphuhliswa kolwimi, ingqwalasela, ukusombulula iingxaki , okanye ukukhubazeka kokufunda.
Iingcali zengqondo
Olu hlobo lwesazi sengqondo luqhuba uphando malunga nempilo yoluntu. Bafuna ukufundisa uluntu kunye nokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokuthintela. Ezi zengcali zijolise ekuncediseni ukutshintsha okulungileyo kumgangatho ngamnye womntu kunye noluntu.
Unokufumana ii-psychologists zengingqi ezisebenzayo kwiinkalo zeeyunivesithi, i-arhente karhulumente, imibutho yoluntu, kunye namashishini abucala njengabaprofeti, abacebisi, abacebisi bezepolisi, abalawuli beprogram kunye nabaphandi.
Uphando kulolu hlobo ludla ngokubhekiselele kumanyathelo kwaye lujolise ekuphuhliseni izisombululo zehlabathi zangempela ezinokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza. Iingcali zengqondo zengingqi zisebenza ukujongana neengxaki zentlalo, ukukhuthaza impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle, kwaye yenze imigaqo-nkqubo ephucula ubomi babantu.
Iingcali zeengqondo
Iingcali zeengqondo ziqhathanisa nokuziphatha kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ngokukodwa ukuziphatha kwezilwanyana kunye nokuziphatha kwabantu. Kutheni sifundisisa izilwanyana? Ngenxa yokuba kusekho ukungafani okukhulu, kucingwa ukuba ezinye izinto zinokubamba inyaniso kuzo zonke iintlobo. Ngoko ke ukufunda iimeko zokuziphatha kunye nezimpendulo zezilwanyana ezifana neerati nezinja kunokubonelela ngeendlela zokuziphatha kwabantu.
Ezi mbonakalo zibonakalise zibalulekile kulo lonke iimbali zeengqondo. Umsebenzi kaTrirndike kunye neekati , umsebenzi kaPavlov kunye nezinja , kunye nomsebenzi we-Skinner ngamajuba yimizekelo yokufunda indlela yokuziphatha kwezilwanyana kuye kwaholela ekuqondeni okusebenza kubantu.
Iingcali zengqondo
Kwakhona kwaziwa ngokuba nokuthengisa izengqondo, iingcali zengqondo zabathengi nokuziphatha kwenkqubo yokuthengisa ukukhuthaza amashishini. Olu hlobo lwenzululwazi luye lwabandakanya ekuncediseni amashishini ukuba aqonde kakuhle oko kwenza abathengi bathenge iimveliso kunye neenkonzo.
Bacinga ukuba abathengi baphendule njani imilayezo yokuthengisa, bahlalutye izicwangciso zokwenza izigqibo , baphinde baphande indima yokuba iimvakalelo zidlala ekukhethweni kokuthenga. Ezi zengcali zinceda amashishini athuthukise imiyalezo yokuthengisa, ukuchonga abaphulaphuli abajoliswe kuyo, ukuphuhlisa iimveliso ezibhenela kubathengi abathile, kwaye sifunde malunga nendlela yokujonga ngayo imveliso kunye nefom yefomu kunye nokutshintsha. Bafezekisa le misebenzi ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kweemarike, iimvavanyo, ukujonga izinto zemvelo , kunye namaqela okujoliswa kwabaxhasi.
Ukucebisa iingcali zeengqondo
Ukucebisa iingcali zeengqondo kunika i-psychotherapy kubantu abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, iingxaki zokuziphatha, ubunzima beemeko, uxinzelelo, kunye nemiba ehambelana nayo. Ezi zengcali zikwabelana ngeendibano ezininzi kunye neengcali zengqondo. Bobabini banikeza i-psychotherapy , ngokuqhelekileyo basebenzelana nezicwangciso zempilo yengqondo, kwaye banokuzibonela ngokusemthethweni njengabantu "abaneengcali zeengqondo" kwiphina imeko e-US
Iingcali zengqondo
Olu hlobo lweengqondo zengqondo lubheka indlela abantu abahluke ngayo kuzo zonke iindawo kunye nendlela ukusebenzisana kweenkcubeko kuthonya ngayo ukuziphatha. Bavame ukuhlola indlela iinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuziphatha ezinokuba ziphela okanye zihluke kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, iingcali zengqondo zengqondo zenkcubeko zingaphonononga indlela izitayela zabazali ezahlukileyo ngayo phakathi kweenkcubeko zobudlelwane kunye neenkcubeko zabantu ngabanye kunye nendlela ukuhlukana ngayo ekukhuliseni kuthonya ukuziphatha kwabantu abadala.
Iingcali zengqondo
Iingcali zeengqondo zophuhliso zophando lwabantu kulo lonke ixesha lokuphila. Abanye bajolise kwixesha elithile elifana nobuntwana bokuqala, ebuntwaneni , ebuntwini, okanye emdala. Ezi zifundo zingenza imisebenzi efana nokuphonononga abantwana abanokuphuculwa kokuphuhliswa okanye ukukhubazeka, ukuphanda imiba ehambelana nokuguga, nokufunda indlela izakhono zolwimi ezifumaneka ngayo.
Abanye abaphuhliso beengqondo bangase bagxininise uphando kwaye bangeze ekuqondeni kwethu imicimbi yophuhliso ekwazi ukuvela kulo lonke ubomi. Abanye ootitshala bangenza umsebenzi osebenzayo kunye nabaxhasi abafuna uncedo ekujonganeni nempumelelo.
Iingcali zengqondo
Ezi zengqondo zihlola indlela abantu abayifunayo ngayo kunye nenkqubo yemfundo. Oku kungaquka ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso zokufundisa kunye nobuchule bokufundisa. Ezinye izazi zeengqondo zifunda ubuchule okanye ukukhubazeka kokufunda.
Olu hlobo lweengqondo zengqondo lubheka indlela iimeko zentlalo, ingqiqo kunye neemvakalelo ezichaphazela inkqubo yokufunda. Abanye abaqeqeshi beli candelo bajolise ekuboneni nasekujonganeni neengxaki ezinokuthi ziphazamise indlela abantwana abafunda ngayo. Abanye bacacisa ekuphandeni inkqubo yokufunda, ngelixa abanye banokuthi bagxile ekuqulunqweni izixhobo zokufundisa ezikhuphula iziphumo zokufunda.
Zobunjineli bezengqondo
Ubunjineli bezengqondo bejolise ekufumaneni iindlela zokuphucula izakhono zabantu ngokuphucula oomatshini, izixhobo, iteknoloji kunye nomsebenzi wendawo. Ngelixa abanye banokugxininisa kuphando olusisiseko, oku kudla ngokuba yinkalo esetyenziswa kakhulu. Ubunjineli bezengqungquthela basebenza ukujongana neengxaki zehlabathi zangempela kunye nokuphuhlisa izisombululo ezinokusetyenziswa kwezicelo zobomi bemihla ngemihla.
Ngokomzekelo, abaqeqeshi beli funda banokuxanduva lokuphuhlisa i-teknoloji engasetyenziselwa kwiinkampani zonyango ukuze kuncedwe izigulana zifumane ngokukhawuleza. Baya kunceda ukuyila nokucocisa iimveliso abantu basebenzise nganye imihla ngemihla kubandakanywa ii-fowuni kunye neemoto.
Psychologists
Iingcali zeengqondo zendalo zihlola ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kunye neendawo ezikuyo, kuquka imimandla yendalo kunye neendawo ezidalwa. Oku kunokubandakanya ukusebenza kwiiprojekthi zolondolozo, ukukunceda ukukhusela iintlobo ezisemngciphekweni, kunye nokuphanda iindlela zokumisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi. Ezi zifundo zingasebenza njengabaphandi ukuba bafunde impembelelo abantu abanayo kwimimandla yabo. Ezinye iingcali zengqondo zendalo zisebenza kunye noorhulumente ukuba bajonge imigaqo-nkqubo yendalo.
Iingcali zePhysics
Iingcali zeengqondo zengqondo zijolise kubudlelwane phakathi kwengqondo kunye nomthetho. Oku kungabandakanya ukusebenza njengomcebisi kwiimeko zobugebengu okanye kwiingxabano zomphakathi, ukwenza uvavanyo lokugcinwa kwabantwana, kunye nokunikezela ngeenkonzo zengqondo kwintwaphulo-mthetho.
Ndiyabulela ukubonakaliswa okuthandwayo kumafilimu nakwiiprogram zikamabonwakude, umdla kule ndawo iye yanda kakhulu kwiminyaka yamuva. Nangona ezi zibonakaliso zenkcubeko ye-pop zivame ukuchaza isazi sengqondo se-forensic njengobunzima bokubamba abaphuli-mthetho, okwenzululwazi lweengqondo ngokuqhelekileyo wenza imisebenzi efana nokuvavanya abantwana abasemngciphekweni wengozi yokubuyiselwa kwakhona, ukusebenzisana namangqina omntwana, ukuvavanya ubuchule bokumelana nokuvavanywa, kunye nokunikela ubungqina enkundleni.
ZezeMpilo zengqondo
Iingcali zengqondo zengqondo zijolise ekusebenziseni i-psychology, i-biology, amaqela ezentlalo, kunye neempembelelo zokuziphatha kakuhle, ukugula kunye nempilo yonke. Basebenzisana nabaxhasi ukuncedisa ukwandisa impilo kunye nokuphucula impilo yomzimba kunye nempilo.
Abanye abaqeqeshiwe kule ndawo benza umsebenzi wekliniki apho bavavanya baze baphathe abaxhamli abafuna uncedo ngemicimbi eyahlukeneyo yempilo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukubonelela ngengqondo, ukulawula ukuhlolwa kweengqondo ezahlukeneyo, ukufundisa abantu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxhatshazwa, nokufundisa abathengi malunga nokuziphatha okunempilo.
Iingcali-zengqondo zengqungquthela
IO zengqondo zihlola ukuziphatha kwendawo yokusebenza njengendlela yokukhetha abasebenzi abalungileyo kwimisebenzi ethile kunye nokwandisa umkhiqizo wabasebenzi. I-IO yengqondo ingasebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe lwemigaqo yengqondo ukuyihlolisisa ukuhlola abaviwa kwimisebenzi ethile.
Basenokuba noxanduva lokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zoqeqesho kubaqeshwa abakhona ukwenzela ukwandisa ulwazi, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa ukulimala. IO zeengqondo zisoloko zicelwa ukuba zihlole amashishini kwinqanaba lombutho kwaye zikhangele iindlela ezintsha zokunciphisa iindleko, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, nokwandisa ukwaneliseka kwabasebenzi nokugcinwa.
Iingcali zengqondo
Iingcali zengqondo zezempi zisebenza ngeengqondo ezikwiindawo zempi. Oku kunokubandakanya izinto ezinjengokuphatha amajoni anesifo sengqondo okanye uxinzelelo lwengqondo, ukuphanda iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bempi, kunye nokunceda amasosha abuyele kwimpilo yobomi.
Ezinye iingcali zengqondo zempi zijolise ekwenzeni i-psychotherapy kumasebe ahlukeneyo emkhosini, ngelixa abanye basebenzisa ulwazi lwabo ngengqondo yomntu nokuziphatha ngokubhekiselele ekuqeshweni, ukulwa nokunyamezela, ukuqeqeshwa, ukuthatha izigqibo, kunye nobunkokeli.
Ubuntu beengqondo
Ubuntu bezengqondo zifunda iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobuntu kunye nendlela iimpawu zomntu ngamnye ezichaphazela ngayo impilo nomntu ngamnye. Abaphandi kwintsimi yobuntu beengqondo banomdla kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo ezinokuba nezicelo kwimihla ngemihla.
Ngokomzekelo, banokufunda indlela abantu abenza ngayo kwaye ingaba ingatshintshwa . Basenokuphanda nokuba iimpawu ezithile zobuntu zibophelelwe kwizifo ezithile okanye ukuphazamiseka, indlela abantu abachaphazela ngayo izigqibo abantu abazenzayo, kunye nezinto ezininzi ezibangela ukuphuhliswa kobuntu.
Zezikolo zeengqondo
Iingcali zengqondo zengqondo zinceda abantwana ukuba babhekane neengxaki zengqondo, ezemfundo, ezentlalo kunye nezokuziphatha ezikolweni. Iingcali ezisebenzayo kule nkalo yeengqondo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yemfundo, ngokubambisana kunye nabazali, ootitshala, abafundi kunye nabanye abasebenzi besikolo ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo yokufunda iphilile, ikhuselekile, isekela kwaye ivelise.
Abantwana abanengxaki ethile, nokuba ngabaziphatha, imvakalelo, okanye imfundo yendalo, banokusebenza kunye neengcali zeengqondo zesikolweni ukuza nesicwangciso esisebenzayo sokujongana nobunzima. Iingcali zengqondo zengqesho zibonelela ngoncedo ngqo okanye ukulawula ukuziphatha xa kuyimfuneko, okanye kunokunikela nje ngenkxaso kunye neengcebiso kubafundi abafuna umntu ukuba akhulume naye.
ZezeNtlalo zengqondo
Iingcali zengqondo zentlalo zifunda ukuziphatha kwamacandelo kuquka ukuziphatha kwabantu kwiindawo zentlalo kunye nendlela amaqela atshintsha ngayo ukuziphatha komntu. Ingcali yengqondo yengqondo inokuphanda uluhlu olubanzi lwezihloko ezibandakanya izimo zengqondo , ubandlululo , ubudlelwane, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokukholisa .
Kwezinye iingcali, oku kubandakanya ngokubanzi uphando olusisiseko olwenzelwe ukongeza ekuqondeni kwethu ukuziphatha kwentlalo. Kwezinye iimeko, iingqondo zengqondo zentlalo zisebenzisa izakhono zabo nolwazi ukuchaphazela ukuziphatha komntu ukuze kukhuthazwe amaqela anempilo kunye namafama athile.
Njengoko unokubona kule nkcazo emfutshane, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeengqondo kunye neengqondo zeengqondo ezijolise kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha kwabantu. Ukuba ucinga ngomsebenzi kwizengqondo, zama imibuzo yethu ukuze ufumene ukuba yintoni ekhethekileyo yokukhetha i-psychology.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychological Association. I-Psychology yendalo yenze ihlabathi elingcono.
> IGreenberg, G. Ukuqhathaniswa kwengqondo kunye ne-Ethology. I-Neuroscientist ne-Psychologist . Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMelika. 2010.
> Umbutho woPhando loLuntu kunye nokuSebenza. Yintoni i-Psychology yoluntu? 2017.