Psychology Cognitive
Ngaba uye wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni ukhumbula ezinye iinkcukacha ngaphandle kokuzama, kodwa enye inkcazelo ebalulekileyo ikhupha ingqondo yakho ngokukhawuleza? Lo ngumzekelo omnye woluhlobo lwemibuzo umntu osebenza kwintsimi yengqondo yengqondo angazama ukuphendula.
Yintoni iCognitive Psychology?
Iingqondo zengqondo ziquka ukufundiswa kweenkqubo zangaphakathi zengqondo-zonke izinto eziqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwengqondo yakho, kuquka ukucinga, ukucinga, ukukhumbula, ulwimi, ukulungisa ingxaki kunye nokufunda.
Ngelixa lisebe elincinane leengqondo, liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza ukuba libe linye lezona ndawo zithandwayo .
Kukho izixhobo ezininzi zokwenza uphando lolwazi, njengokunika uncedo ekujonganeni nokukhathazeka kwememori, ukwandisa ukuchaneka kwezigqibo , ukufumana iindlela zokunceda abantu bafumane ukulimala kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwezifundo kunye nokulungelelanisa iikharityhulam zokufundisa ukuphucula ukufunda.
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Ziziphi Iindlela Ezingxamisekileyo Neendlela Zokwenene Zokuphucula Imemori Yakho?
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Iimpawu ezingalibalekiyo ngeMemori yakho
Ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nendlela abantu bacinga ngayo nendlela yokucwangcisa ulwazi kungabancedisi abaphandi ukuba baqonde ngakumbi indlela ubuchopho bomntu busebenza ngayo, kodwa luvumela ukuba iingcali zengqondo zenze iindlela ezintsha zokunceda abantu bajongane nobunzima beengqondo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokuqaphela ukuba ingqwalasela yinkxaso efanelekileyo kunye neyincinci, izazi zengqondo ziyakwazi ukuza nezisombululo ezenza kube lula kubantu abaneengxaki zokuqwalasela ukuphucula ukugxila kwabo kunye nokuxininisa .
Iziphumo ezivela kwiingqondo zeengqondo ziye zaphucula indlela esiyiqonda ngayo indlela abantu abayifumana ngayo, ukugcina nokukhumbula izikhumbuzo.
Ngokwazi ngokubanzi malunga nendlela ezi nkqubo zisebenza ngayo, izazi zengqondo zingaphula iindlela ezintsha zokunceda abantu baphucule imemori yabo kunye nokulwa neengxaki zememori. Ngokomzekelo, izazi zengqondo ziye zafumanisa ukuba ngelixa imemori yakho yexeshana imfutshane kwaye iyancinci (imizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-30 kwaye inokukwazi ukugcina phakathi kwezinto ezintlanu neye-9), izicwangciso zokuphinda zihlaziye ziyakwazi ukuphucula amathuba ukuba ulwazi luya kudluliselwa kwixesha elide. imemori yexesha , elona lizinzile kwaye lizinzile.
Xa Unokufuna Ukubona Isazi Sengqondo
Nangona abaninzi beengqondo zeengqondo bazikhethela uphando kwaye baqeshwe yiiyunivesithi okanye i-arhente karhulumente, abanye bathatha ingqwalaselo yekliniki kwaye basebenze ngqo nabantu abaneengxaki ezinxulumene neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo. Basenokusebenza kwizibhedlele, iikliniki zempilo yengqondo okanye iinkqubo zabucala.
Iingcali zeengqondo ezisebenza kule ndawo zihlala zijolise kwingingqi ethile enomdla njengememori , ngoxa abanye banokukhetha ukhetho ngokubhekiselele kwiinkalo ezithile zempilo ezinxulumene nokuqonda, ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okanye ukulimala kwengqondo.
Ezinye zezizathu zokuba ungabonisana nengqondo yeengqondo:
- Ukunyanga isifo sengqondo ngeendlela zokwelapha iingqondo
- Ukuphonononga ukhetho lwezonyango lweengxaki zengqondo
- Ukuba uhlangabezana nemibono yokuqonda okanye imizwa
- Njengengxenye yonyango inkulumo okanye ingxaki yolwimi
- Ukuba ufumana isifo se-Alzheimer, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, okanye ukulahleka kwememori
- Ukuphononongwa ngoncedo oluhlukeneyo lokufunda ukukhubazeka
Umsebenzi weengqondo zeengqondo kubalulekile ekuncedeni abantu abaye bahlangabezana neengxaki zengqondo. Nangona sithatha uthabatha izinto ezifana nokuqwalaselwa kunye nokuxazulula ingxaki, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba zibophekile kwiindawo eziphila ngayo imihla ngemihla, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunokudala ukuphazamiseka kwiindawo ezininzi zobomi bomntu. Iingxaki zengqalelo zingenza kube nzima ukugxila emsebenzini okanye esikolweni. Nangona iingxaki ezincinane zememori zingenza kube nzima ukujongana neemfuno zobomi bemihla ngemihla.
Cinga, umzekelo, indlela ukucinga okungalunganga kunokuphazamisa ngayo impilo kunye nolonwabo.
Sonke siva neengcamango eziphazamisayo ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa abanye abantu banokuzifumana bexakeke ngeepatheni zokucinga ezingenangqondo ezingenza kube nzima ukusebenza kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla. Ezi ngxubusho zingakhokelela kumanqanaba angaphezu kokuxinezeleka, ukungaxakali, nokuzihlaziya, kwaye kunokubanceda nefuthe lokufunda uncedo .
Ngoncedo lweengqondo zeengqondo, abantu bahlala bekwazi ukufumana iindlela zokujamelana nokujongana nobunzima obunjalo. Uphulo lwezokwelapha lugxilwe ekujoliseni kuphando lokucinga ekuncedeni abantu ukutshintsha le ndlela yokucinga engafanelekanga kwaye bafake iingcamango ezinjalo ngezinto ezintle kunye neengqiqo.
I-Psychology kunye neMpilo yengqondo
Ukongezelela ukongeza ekuqondeni kwethu kwindlela ingqondo yomntu isebenza ngayo, intsimi yeengqondo zengqondo ibuye ifuthe kwiindlela zempilo yengqondo. Ngaphambi kwee-1970, ezininzi iinkqubo zempilo yengqondo zazijoliswe ngakumbi kwi- psychoanalytic , behavioral , kunye neendlela zabantu . Okuthiwa "inguqulelo engqondweni" eyenzeka ngeli xesha lugxininisa ngakumbi ekuqondeni indlela abantu abaqhuba ngayo inkcazelo kunye nendlela iipateni zokucinga ezinokubangela ukuba zithinteke kwengqondo.
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Indlela iStroop Effect isebenza ngayo
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Impembelelo yaseDunning-Kruger: Kutheni abantu abangapheliyo bacinga ukuba baphezulu
Ndiyabulela uphando kule ndawo ngabafundi beengqondo, iindlela ezintsha zokunyanga zonyango ziye zaphuhliswa ukunceda ukuphazamiseka, ukuxhalaba, i-phobias kunye nezinye iingxaki zengqondo .
Ukunyanga kweendlela zokuziphatha kunye neengqondo zengqondo ezithintekayo zindlela ezimbini iindlela abathengi kunye nabagqirha bajolise ngayo kwiingcamango ezingundoqo ezifaka isandla kwingcinezelo yengqondo. Ukusebenzisa ezi ndlela, abagqirha banokunceda abathengi ukuba baqonde iinkolelo ezingenangqiqo kunye nezinye izinto eziphazamisayo ezinokuphikisana nenyaniso kwaye zibancede ekutshintsheni iingcamango ezinjalo ngeenkolelo eziphilileyo.
Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esiza kuxhamla ekusebenziseni iindlela zokuqonda, unokubona isazi sengqondo esineengqalileyo kwiindlela zonyango. Ezi zihlandlo zihlala zihamba ngezihloko ngaphandle kweengqondo zengqondo ezifana nengqondo , isifo sengqondo sezonyango , okanye isifo sengqondo seengcebiso , kodwa ezininzi izicwangciso ezisetyenziswayo zixhomekeke kwisithethe sengqondo. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngqeqesho okanye inqubo yomsebenzi, mcele yena.
Ukuba uye wafunyanwa ngokutsha ngeNkcazo yokuCacnitive
Ukufumanisa ukuba unesifo sengqondo okanye ingxaki yokhathazeka kwengqondo kunokunkwantya kwaye ngezinye izikhathi ukudideka, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba awuwodwa. Xa usebenza nogqirha wakho, unokwenza isicwangciso sonyango esisebenzayo ukunceda ukujongana nempilo yengqondo kunye neengxaki zokuqonda. Unyango lwakho lungaquka ukubonisana nengqondo yeengqondo ezinengqondo kwiindawo ezithile zokukhathazeka ojongene nayo, okanye ungathunyelwa kwenye ingcali yezempilo yengqondo eqeqeshelwayo kunye namava nokugula kwakho.
Unokufumana uncedo ukufunda okusemandleni akho malunga nokuxilongwa kwakho kokuqala kunye nokuqwalasela ukuhlanganisa uluhlu lwemibandela onayo ngaphambi kokuba utyelele ngogqirha wakho, ugqirha wengqondo, okanye ingcali yengqondo yengqondo. Oku kunokukunceda uzive ungcono kwaye ulungele ukujongana namanyathelo alandelayo kunyango lwakho.
ILizwi
Njengoko ubona, insimba yeengqondo zengqondo iyabanzi kwaye ihlukeneyo, kodwa iyakuchukumisa kwiinkalo ezininzi zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Uphando ngeengqondo zengqondo ngezinye izihlandlo zingabonakala zifundiswa kwaye zikhutshwe kude kwiingxaki obhekana nazo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kodwa ukufunyaniswa kophando loosayensi kudlala indima kwindlela abachwephesha abaye baphatha ngayo unyango ngengqondo, ukulimala kwengqondo, nokulimala kwengqondo. . Siyabulela umsebenzi weengqondo zeengqondo, sinokuzifumana ngokucacileyo iindlela zokulinganisa amakhono engqondo , ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso ezintsha zokulwa neengxaki zeememori, kunye nokucacisa ukusebenza kombilini wengqondo-konke ekugqibeleni kunempembelelo enamandla kwindlela esiphatha ngayo iingxaki zengqondo .
Intsimi yeengqondo zengqondo yindawo ekhula ngokukhawuleza eqhubekayo yokongeza ekuqondeni kwezinto ezininzi ezinokuthi iinkqubo zengqondo zibenokuphila kwimihla ngemihla. Ukusuka ekuqondeni ukuba iinkqubo zengqondo ziguqulwa njani kwinkqubela yophuhliso lwabantwana ekujongeni indlela ingqondo eguqula ngayo iimvakalelo zengqondo kwiingcamango, ingqondo yengqondo isisincede sithole ukuqonda okunzulu kunye nokucebisayo kweziganeko zengqondo ezithintekayo ekukholeni kwethu kwimihla ngemihla kwaye kuba.
> Imithombo:
> Neisser, U.Cognitive Psychology. Meredith Publishing Inkampani; 1967.
> Selby EA, i-Anestis MD, i-Joiner TE. Ukuqonda ulwalamano phakathi kokudityaniswa kwemvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha: Iimvakalelo zengqondo. Uphando loPhando kunye neNyango; 2008.
> Seligman, ME (1972). Ufunde ukungenakunceda. Ukuhlaziywa koNyaka kweMithi, 23, (1), 407-412.
> Sternberg, RJ, & Sternberg, K. Psychology Cognitive. IBoston, MA: UkuFunda kweCengage; 2016.