Ukubonwa ngokwemvelo yindlela yokuphanda esetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo ngabafundi bezengqondo kunye nezinye izazinzulu zentlalo. Le nkqubo iquka ukujonga izihloko kwimeko yendalo. Olu hlobo lophando luhlala lusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho ukuqhuba uphando lwebhu kubonakala kungenangqiqo, iindleko zingavumelekanga okanye ziyakuchukumisa ngokungathintekiyo ukuziphatha kwesifundo.
Umsebenzi woKwazisa ngokweNdalo?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu abanakho ukuziphatha ngendlela efanayo kwiimeko zobungqina ezingabakho kwindawo engqongileyo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, maxa wambi ukuziphatha kufuneka kuhlolwe njengoko kwenzeka "kwintlango" ukuba uthethe. Ngokubukela indlela abantu abasabela ngayo kwiimeko ezithile kunye nokuxhaswa kwimeko yokwenene, ubomi beengqondo bafumana ingcamango engcono yendlela kunye nokuba kutheni abantu besabela.
Ukubonwa kwemvelo kuyahluke kwindlela ekhangelwe ngayo ukuba kubandakanya ukujonga indlela yokuziphatha njengoko kwenzeka kwiimeko zayo zendalo ngaphandle kokuzama ukungenelela kwinxalenye yomphandi.
Ngokomzekelo, abaphandi abanomdla ekujongeni iinkalo ezithile zokuziphatha kwamagumbi okufundela, okufana nokusebenzisana phakathi kwabafundi okanye kwimizamo phakathi kootitshala kunye nabafundi, banokukhetha ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwemvelo njengengxenye yophando lwabo.
Ukwenza olo cwaningo kwilebhu kuya kuba nzima kuba bekuya kubandakanya ukubuyisela indawo yokufundela indawo, kwaye kunokuchaphazela ukuziphatha kwabathathi-nxaxheba, okwenze kube nzima ukuvelisa ukuqwalaselwa.
Ngokuqwalasela izifundo kwizimo zabo zemvelo (eklasini apho basebenza khona kwaye bafunda imihla ngemihla), abaphandi banokukhangela bhetele ukuziphatha komdla njengoko bekhona kwihlabathi lenene.
Inzuzo kunye neNzuzo
Ngoko zeziphi ezinye zezizathu ezenza ukuba izazi zeengqondo zifune ukusebenzisa ukubonwa kwemvelo njengenxalenye yophando lwabo?
Enye yeenzuzo ezintle kulolu hlobo lophando kukuba ivumela abaphandi ukuba bagcine ngokucacileyo isihloko kwisimo sendalo.
Oku kunika izazinzulu ukuba zikhangele phambili ukuziphatha kwezenhlalakahle kwaye zivumeleke ukuba zibone izinto ezingenakuze zihlangabezane nazo kwilebhu. Ukuqwalasela okunjalo kunokukhuthaza ukuba uphando olongezelelweyo kwiimpawu ezithile. Ulwazi olufunyenwe ekubonweni kwemvelo lungakhokelela ekuqondeni okungabancedisa abantu ukuba banqobe iingxaki baze baphile ubomi obunempilo, benovuyo.
Ezinye ezinye iingenelo zokubonwa kwemvelo:
- Ivumela abaphandi ukuba bafunde izinto ezingenakusetyenziswa kwilebhu ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuziphatha. Ngokomzekelo, ngelixa bekungekho mthethweni ukutyikitya imiphumo yokuvalelwa ngokuvalekisa izifundo, abaphandi banokuqokelela ulwazi ngokusebenzisa ukubonakala kwemvelo kwiimeko zangaphakathi zasejele.
- Unokukuncedisa ukuqinisekiswa kwangaphandle kophando. Enye into ekuthi ukufundwa kwebhoratri kuya kuzalisa abantu abaninzi, kodwa kunjalo ukugcina loo nto ifunyenwe kwisimo semvelo.
Nangona ukubonwa kwemvelo kunokuba luncedo kumaxesha amaninzi, le ndlela ibuye ibe nezinto ezincinci ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe.
Enye yeempembelelo zokubonwa kwemvelo iquka into yokuba kunzima ukufumanisa isizathu esithile sendlela yokuziphatha kwaye uvavanyo alukwazi ukulawula izinto ezingaphandle.
Ezinye izinto ezingenakulungelelaniso zendalo:
- Abantu banokuziphatha ngokungafaniyo xa beyazi ukuba bajonge. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bazama ukuziphatha kangcono kunokuba baqhele ukuba babonakale befuna uluntu olunqwenelekayo okanye olwamkelekileyo. Abaphandi bangenza imizamo yokuphepha le nto, kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwuqeda le ngxaki ngokupheleleyo.
- Abantu bazama ukuziphatha ngendlela ethile ukuze bahambelane noko bacinga ukuba abaphandi balindele ukukubona. Kwizengqondo, iimpawu ezifunekayo zexesha zibhekisela kwiingcinga ezifihlakeleyo ezivumela ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bazi ukuba luphi na umzamo okanye ngabaphandi abanethemba lokufumana. Ngenxa yezi ziphumo zemfuno, abathathi-nxaxheba bangatshintsha indlela yabo yokuziphatha ukuze bahambe kunye noko bacinga ukuba abaphandi bafuna.
- Ababukeli abahlukeneyo banokwenza izigqibo ezahlukeneyo kwiindlela ezifanayo zokufakaza. Abaphandi ababini banokubona izinto ezifanayo kodwa bazinike izizathu ezahlukileyo.
Iindlela zokuqokelela idatha
Abaphandi bangasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqokelela idatha ekubonweni kwemvelo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukubhala inani leexesha eziliqela ukuziphatha okuthile kwenzeka ngexesha elithile okanye ukwenza ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo yangempela yezifundo.
- I-Tally ibalwa: Umbonisi ubhala phantsi kwaye zihlandlo eziliphi izihlandlo ezithile ezenzekayo.
- Iimbali ezibukeleyo : Umbonisi angathatha amanqaku ngexesha leseshoni aze abuye emva koko azame ukuqokelela idatha kunye nokuqonda iipatheni zendlela yokuziphatha kulezi manqaku.
- Iimvumi okanye ukurekhoda kwevidiyo: Ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela yokuziphatha ebonwa ngayo, abaphandi banokugqiba ekubeni benze i-audio yangempela okanye iikopi ezirekhodiweyo kwiseshoni nganye yokujonga.
Ngamaxesha amaninzi ukuqokelela kwedatha?
Ngenxa yokuba akunakwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo okanye kunokwenzeka ukugcina yonke imzuzu yobomi besifundo, abaphandi bahlala besetyenziselwa ukuqokelela ulwazi ngokubonwa kwemvelo. Injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuba le sampulu yedatha imela ukuziphatha ngokubanzi kwesifundo.
Ukufumana isampuli yommeleki kunokuvela ngeendlela ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo:
- Isampuli sexesha: Ukubandakanya ukuthatha iisampuli kwizikhathi ezahlukeneyo zexesha, ezinokuthi zilandelelanise okanye zichaneke.
- Isampulu-mzekelo : Ukubandakanya ukujonga ukuziphatha kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicwangciso.
U mzekelo
Makhe sicinge ukuba ufuna ukufunda ukungafani kokuziphatha kokubeka ingozi phakathi kwamakhwenkwe namantombazana asetsheni. Unokukhetha ukugcina ukuziphatha kwezicwangciso ezimbalwa ezihlukeneyo, ezifana nentaba ye-sledding, udonga olukhwela ngamatye, i-rink-skating ride kunye nokuhamba kweemoto. Emva kokuba usichaze ngokucacileyo "ukuziphatha okubeka ingozi," uya kubona ulutsha kulezi zicwangciso uze urekhode zonke iziganeko zento ochazayo njengendlela yokuziphatha okuyingozi.
Eminye imizekelo eqhelekileyo yokuqwalaselwa kwemvelo ibandakanya uhambo lukaCharles Darwin oluya kwi- HMS Beagle , olwakusisiseko soluvo lwakhe lokukhethwa kwendalo, kwaye umsebenzi kaJane Goodall ufundela ukuziphatha kwama-chimpanzi.
> Umthombo:
> Angrosino MV. Ukuqwalaselwa kwemvelo . I-Walnut Creek, i-Calif. 2007. Ipapashwe ngo-2016.