Yintoni i-Psychotherapy?
I-Psychotherapy iyigama eliqhelekileyo elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza inkqubo yokuphatha iingxaki zengqondo kunye nokukhathazeka kwengqondo ngokusetyenziswa kwezindlela zomlomo nezengqondo. Ngethuba le nkqubo, i-psychotherapist eqeqeshiwe inceda umthengi ukuba athathe iingxaki ezithile okanye eziqhelekileyo ezifana nesifo esithile sengqondo okanye umthombo wokuxinzezeleka kobomi.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela esetyenziswa ngumgqirha, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchule kunye nezicwangciso ezinokusetyenziswa.
Nangona kunjalo, phantse zonke iintlobo zengqondo ye-psychotherapy zibandakanya ukuphuhlisa ubudlelwane bokuthandana , ukuthetha kunye nokudala intetho, kunye nokusebenza ukunqoba iingcinga okanye iingxaki ezinengxaki.
I-Psychotherapy iyajongwa njengento ekhethekileyo ngokwayo, kodwa iintlobo ezininzi zeengcali zibandakanya kwingqondo yengqondo rhoqo. Abantu abanjalo baquka iikliniki zengqondo , izazi zengqondo, abacebisi, umtshato kunye neengcali zentsapho , abasebenzi bezentlalo , abacebisi ngezeengqondo kunye nabahlengikazi bezengqondo .
Ziziphi iintlobo zeengqondo ezikhoyo?
Xa abaninzi abantu beva ilizwi le-psychotherapy, bacinga ngokukhawuleza isigulane esilele embhedeni ethetha ngelixa u-titshala ehleli kwisihlalo esikufutshane esichaza iingcamango kwi-notepad ephuzi. Kukho ngokwenene iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa kunye nezenzo ezisetyenziselwa ingqondo yengqondo. Indlela echanekileyo esetyenziswe kwimeko nganye iyahluka ngokusekelwe kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa uqeqesho kunye nemvelaphi yophilo lweengcali, ukhetho lwabaxhasi, kunye nemeko ekhoyo yenkxaso yangoku yomthengi.
Ezinye zeendlela eziphambili ze-psychotherapy ziquka:
I-Psychoanalytic Ionyango : Nangona i-psychotherapy yaqhutyelwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo emva kwexesha lamaGrike aseMandulo, yafumana isiqalo sayo esisemthethweni xa uSigmund Freud eqala ukusebenzisa iyeza lokuthetha ukusebenzisana nezigulane.
Ezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa yiFrud ziquka ukuhlaziywa kokutshintshiswa, ukuchazwa kwephupha, kunye nentlalo yamahhala. Le ndlela ye-psychoanalytic iquka ukucinga iingcamango zesigulane kunye namava adlulileyo ukufuna iingcamango ezingenangqondo, iimvakalelo kunye neenkumbulo ezinokuchaphazela ukuziphatha.
Ulwaphulo lokuziphatha : Xa ukuziphatha bekuba sisikolo esicacile ngakumbi kwinqanaba le-20 leminyaka, ubuchule obufana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemeko zaqala ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-psychotherapy. Nangona ukuziphatha kakubi kungathi kubaluleke kakhulu njengokuba kwakunjalo, ezininzi iindlela zazo zisaziwa kakhulu namhlanje. Ulwaphulo lwendlela yokuziphatha luhlala lusebenzisa isimo sengqondo , isimo sokusebenza kunye nokufunda ngentlalo ukunceda abathengi batshintshe ukuziphatha okuyingxaki.
Ulwaphulo lwe-Humanistic: Ukususela kuma-1950, isikolo sombono obizwa ngokuba yingqondo yesintu saqala ukuba nefuthe kwi-psychotherapy. Isazi sengqondo senzululwazi uCar Rogers saphuthukise indlela eyaziwa ngokuba yonyango olugxilwe ngabathengi , elijolise kumgqirha obonisa ukungaxhomeki komqathango kumxhasi.
Namhlanje, imiba yale ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu. Indlela yokwenza abantu kwi-psychotherapy ijolise ekuncediseni abantu ukuba banako ukukhulisa amandla abo. Iindlela ezinjalo zivame ukugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuzihlolisisa, inkululeko yokuzikhethela, kunye nokuzimela .
Ulwaphulo lweCognitive: Ukuguqulwa kwengqondo kwimihla ngemihla yama-1960 kwaye kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwengqondo yengqondo, njengoko izazi zengqondo zaqala ukugxila ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zengcamango zabantu ezichaphazela ukuziphatha nokusebenza. Ulwaphulo lweengqondo lujoliswe kwingcamango yokuba iingcamango zethu zinempembelelo enamandla kwimpilo yethu yengqondo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uthetha ukubona izinto ezimbi kuzo zonke iimeko, mhlawumbi unokuba nesimo sengqondo esingathembekiyo kunye nomoya jikelele. Injongo yonyango lokuqonda ingqalelo ukuphazamiseka kwengcamango ekhokelela kulolu hlobo lokucinga nokutshintsha iingcamango ezinjalo ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezichanekileyo. Ngokwenza njalo, abantu bayakwazi ukuphucula imizwa yabo kunye nentlalo jikelele.
Ulwaphulo-ngxaki yokuziphatha : Indlela ebizwa ngokuba yonyango-yokuziphatha (CBT) yindlela yokwelashwa kwengqondo eyenza izigulane ziqonde iingcamango neemvakalelo ezichaphazela ukuziphatha.
I-CBT isetyenziselwa ukuphatha iintlobo ezininzi zeengxaki eziquka i- phobias , umlutha, ukuxinezeleka kunye nokuxhalabisa. I-CBT luhlobo lwe-psychotherapy olubandakanya ubuchule bokuqonda kunye nokuziphatha ukuguqula iingcamango ezimbi kunye neziphathamandla eziphathekayo. Le ndlela iquka ukutshintsha iingcamango ezingundoqo ezichaphazela ukukhathazeka nokuguqula iimpawu eziyingozi ezibangelwa ezi ngcamango.
I-Psychotherapy inokuthatha iifom ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwisitala somgqirha kunye neemfuno zesigulane. A bambalwa enokuhlangana nazo ziquka:
- Ulwaphulo lomntu ngamnye , olubandakanya ukusebenza ngamnye ngomntu ngengqondo ye-psychotherapist.
- Amaqabane amanyango , okubandakanya umgqirha osebenza kunye nesibini isibini ekuncedeni ukuphucula indlela aba basebenze ngayo kulwalamano lwabo.
- Ulwaphulo lwezentsapho , olugxilisa ekuphuculeni intshintsho kwiintsapho kwaye lunokubandakanya abantu abaninzi kwiyunithi yentsapho.
- Ulwaphulo lweqela , olubandakanya iqela elincinane labantu ababelana ngesinjongo esifanayo. Le ndlela ivumela amalungu eqela ukuba anikeze kwaye athole inkxaso kwabanye, kunye nokuziphatha ngokutsha kwiqela elixhasayo nelifumanayo.
-
Umthetho onguMgaqo-nkqubo weSizwe ovumelekile ukuba ufikelele kwiiNqaku zakho zonyango
-
Ziyingozi kangakanani iingxaki zeengqondo?
Izinto Ezinokuzicingisisa Ngaphambi Kokuzama Iingqondo Zengqondo
Kukho imiba enemiba okanye ukukhathazeka kwabo bobabini kunye nabaxhasi. Xa ukhetha umgqirha , qwalasela ukuba uziva ukhululekile ukuchazela ulwazi lomntu siqu kumgqirha. Kufuneka uphinde uhlole iziqinisekiso zempilo, kubandakanywa uhlobo lwesidanga aphetheyo kunye neminyaka yamava.
Abantu ababonelela ngeengqondo ze-psychotherapy bangaba neenombolo ezihlukeneyo okanye iibakala. Ezinye izihloko ezinjenge-"psychologist" okanye "ingqondo yengqondo" zikhuselwe kwaye zineemfuneko ezithile zemfundo kunye neelayisenisi . Abanye abantu abafanelekayo ukwenza i-psychotherapy kubandakanya izifo zengqondo, iingcali zengqondo, abacebisi, abasebenzi bezentlalo, kunye nabahlengikazi abaphezulu beengqondo.
Xa kunikezela iinkonzo kubaxumi, i-psychotherapists kufuneka iqwalasele imiba enjengemvume enolwazi , imfihlo yesigulane, kunye nomsebenzi wokuba lumkise. Imvume ekwazisiweyo iquka ukuxelela umthengi ngazo zonke iingozi kunye neenzuzo ezichaphazelekayo kunyango. Oku kubandakanya ukuchaza uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwenyango, nayiphi na ingozi, iindleko kunye nezinye iindlela ezikhoyo.
Ngenxa yokuba abathengi bahlala bexoxa ngemicimbi ebonakalayo kunye nobuthathaka kwimvelo, i-psychotherapists inembopheleleko esemthethweni yokukhusela ilungelo lomguli lokugcina imfihlo . Nangona kunjalo, omnye umzekelo apho i-psychotherapists inelungelo lokuphula imfihlo yesigqithiso kukuba ngaba abathengi babangelwa ingozi kubo okanye kwabanye. Injongo yokulumkisa inikeza abacebisi kunye nabagqirha ilungelo lokuphula imfihlo ukuba umthengi ubeka umngcipheko komnye umntu.
Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Ingqondo Yengqondo?
Esinye seziganeko ezigxekayo ezichasene ne-psychotherapy yinto enombuzo wokusebenza kwayo. Kwisifundo esithile sokuqala nesicatshulwe rhoqo, u- Hans Eysenck wengqondo yeengqondo wafumanisa ukuba i-sibini kwisithathu yabathathi-nxaxheba iphuculwe okanye ibuyiselwe yodwa kwiminyaka emibini, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bayifumene ne-psychotherapy.
Nangona kunjalo, kwi-meta-analysis ekhangele kwiingcali ezi-475 ezahlukahlukeneyo, abaphandi bafumene ukuba i-psychotherapy yayiphumelele ekuphuculeni kakuhle impilo yengqondo yabathengi. Encwadini yakhe ethi Great Psychotherapy Debate , u-statistician and psychologist uBruce Wampold wabika ukuba izinto ezinjengobomi beengcali kunye nokukholelwa kwakhe ekuphumeleleni kwonyango kwadlala indima kwisiphumo sengqondo. Okumangalisa kukuba, uWampold wacebisa ukuba uhlobo lweyeza kunye nezobugcisa zonyango alinayo impembelelo kwisiphumo.
Ndiyazi Njani Ukuba Ndifuna Iingqondo Zengqondo?
Nangona unokuqonda ukuba i-psychotherapy inokukunceda kwiingxaki zobomi, ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukufuna uncedo okanye ukuqonda nokuba ixesha lokuthetha nengcali.
Enye into ebalulekileyo yokukhumbula kukuba ngokukhawuleza ufuna uncedo, ngokukhawuleza uza kuqala ukufumana uncedo. Esikhundleni sokulinda kude iimpawu zakho ziphume kwindlela yokulawula, kufuneka uqwalasele ukufumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza ukuba uqale uqaphele ukuba kunokubakho ingxaki.
Ezinye iimpawu eziphambili eziza kuba lixesha lokubona i-psychotherapist ziquka:
- Umbangela ubangela uxinzelelo okanye ukuphazanyiswa ebomini bakho. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba ingxaki ojongene nayo iphazamisa inani lezinto ezibalulekileyo zobomi bakho kuquka isikolo, umsebenzi kunye nobudlelwane, kunokuthi kubekho ixesha lokubona ukuba isifo se-psychotherapy sinokukunceda.
- Uncike kwiindlela ezingahambi kakuhle okanye ezinobungozi. Ukuba ufumana ujongene nengxaki yakho ngokubhema, ukusela, ukusela ngokutya, okanye ukuthatha uxinzelelo lwakho kwabanye, ukufuna uncedo kunokukunceda ukuba ufumane izicwangciso zokuncedisa okunempilo kwaye kunenzuzo.
- Abahlobo kunye nosapho baxhalabele ngokuphila kwakho. Ukuba sele ifikelele kwindawo apho abanye abantu bexhalabile ngempilo yakho yemoya, kungase kube yithuba lokubona ukuba ingqondo ye-psychotherapy ingathucula imeko yakho yengqondo.
- Akukho nto uyenzame ngoku kude kuncede. Ufunde iincwadi zokunceda, uhlolisise ezinye iindlela ozifundayo nge-intanethi, okanye uzame ukungazihoxisi ingxaki, kodwa izinto zibonakala zihlala zifana okanye ziba zibi nakakhulu. Khawukhumbule ukuba akudingeki ulinde kude kube nzima ukuba iingxaki zakho zibe nzima kangangokuthi ukujamelana nomzimba kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Uncedo luyafumaneka kwaye ngokukhawuleza ufikelele, ngokukhawuleza uza kubuya kwindlela eya kwindawo enempilo, yolonwabo kwengqondo.
Ndingakhetha njani i-Tech and Psychologist?
Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba unengxaki enokuthi uzuze kwi-psychotherapy, isinyathelo sakho sokuqala sinokuthi uxoxe ngokukhathazeka kwakho kunye nodokotela wakho oyintloko. Ugqirha wakho unokuqala ngokulawula okokuqala naziphi na izifo ezibonakalayo ezinokuthi zibe negalelo kwiimpawu zakho. Ukuba akukho nanye ibangela ifunyenwe, ugqirha wakho angakuthumela kwi-engcali yezempilo yengqondo efanelekileyo ukuxilonga nokuphatha iimpawu ozifumanayo.
Iimpawu zakho zihlala zidlala indima eluhlobo lonyango kunye nohlobo lomgqirha ozikhethayo. Ukuba ugqirha ugxeka ukuba unengxaki ezinokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza yonyango ngaphezu kwe-Psychotherapy, unokukubhekisela kwisazi sengqondo . Isifo sengqondo singumgqirha onogqirha onokumisela amayeza kunye noqeqesho oluthile kunyango lweemeko zengqondo nezengqondo.
Ukuba iimpawu zakho zibonisa ukuba unokufumana inzuzo ethile kwindlela yokwenza unyango lwentetho ngaphandle kokungeniswa kweziyobisi zonyango, ungathunyelwa kwi-kliniki yeengqondo okanye umcebisi .
Ukudluliselwa kwamanye amalungu kunye namalungu entsapho nako kunokuba yindlela enhle yokufumana ugqirha onokukunceda ukulungisa iinkxalabo zakho. I-Psychotherapy ininzi kunye nobugcisa kunye nesayensi, nangona kunjalo. Ukuba izinto azibonakali zisebenza, okanye ungabonakali "ukuchofoza" kunye nomdlali wakho wangoku, ungesabi ukufuna ezinye iingcali uze ufumane umntu onokumnxibelelana naye.
Njengoko uvavanya nayiphi na i-psychotherapist, qwa lasela le mibuzo elandelayo:
- Ingaba i-therapist ibonakala ingcali kunye nefanelekileyo?
- Ngaba uziva ukhululekile ukuxelela iimvakalelo zakho namava?
- Ngaba uthanda isicatshulwa sokuthetha?
- Ngaba unelisekile kumlinganiselo wokusebenzisana kwakho nomgulisa?
- Ngaba ubonakala eqonda into ovakalelwa ngayo?
ILizwi
I-Psychotherapy inokuza kwiindlela ezininzi, kodwa zonke zenzelwe ukunceda abantu banqobe iingxaki zengqondo kwaye baphile ubomi obungcono. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unokuba neengxaki zempilo yengqondo okanye yengqondo, cinga ukufuna ukuvavanywa kwi-psychotherapist eqeqeshwe ngokuqeqeshelwa kwaye enamava onokukwazi ukuvavanya, ukuxilonga, nokuyiphatha le miqathango. Unako ukuvuna iingeniso ezinokwenzeka zengqondo ye-psychotherapy nokuba ucinga nje ukuba kukho "into" ekuhlaleni kwakho okuya kuphuculiswa ngokubonisana neengcali zempilo yengqondo.
> Imithombo:
> Eysenck, HJ (1957). Iziphumo zengqondo ye-psychotherapy: Uvavanyo. I-Journal ye-Consulting Psychology. 1957; 16: 319-324.
> Henrik, R. (1980). Incwadi Yesikhokelo Sengqondo. Incwadana ye-AZ ukuya kuma-psychotherapi angaphezulu kwama-250 njengoko isetyenziswa namhlanje. IThala leMerika elitsha; 1980.
> Smith, ML Yintoni Kuthetha Ngophando Ngokusebenza Kweengqondo Zengqondo. IiNkonzo zengqondo; 2006.
> Wampold, BE I-Great Psychotherapy Ingxabano: IiModeli, iindlela kunye nokuFumana. Routledge; 2001.