Ngakanani ixesha, ubunzima kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwindlela esisebenzisa ngayo
Kufuneka wenze izigqibo ezinkulu kunye ezincinci kuyo yonke imihla yokuphila kwakho. Yintoni ofuna ukuyifumana isidlo sakusihlwa? Ngaliphi ixesha kufuneka udibana nomhlobo wokutya? Yiyiphi iikholeji okufanele uyenze kuyo? Bangaphi abantwana ofuna ukuba nawo?
Xa ubhekene nezigqibo ezithile, unokuba ulingwa ukuba uvele ufake imali kwaye uvumele ithuba libeke isigqibo sakho.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, silandela isicwangciso esithile okanye uluhlu lweendlela ukuze sifike kwisigqibo. Ngenxa yezigqibo ezininzi ezincinane esenzayo imihla ngemihla, ukunyathela imali ayingayi kuba yindlela enzima kangaka. Kwezinye izigqibo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezibalulekileyo, sinako ukutyhala ixesha elininzi, uphando, umgudu, kunye namandla engqondo ekufikeleleni kwisigqibo esifanelekileyo.
Ngoko ke le nkqubo isebenza njani? Ezi zilandelayo zizicwangciso eziphambili zokwenza izigqibo onokuzisebenzisa.
I-Model-Model Model
Le ndlela ibandakanya ukuchukumisa isigqibo sakho kuphela kwisicatshulwa esisodwa. Umzekelo, cinga ukuba uthenga isepha. Ejongene neendlela ezininzi ezikhethiweyo kwi-superstore yakho yasekhaya, uthatha isigqibo sokusekela isigqibo sakho kwixabiso kwaye uthenge uhlobo oluthile oluphantsi lwesepha ekhoyo. Kule meko, ungayigxina ezinye iinguqu (ezifana noxolo, uphawu, idumela, kunye nokusebenza) kwaye ugxininise kwisixhobo esisodwa.
Indlela enye yokusebenza ingasebenza kwiimeko apho isigqibo sinokulula kwaye ucinezelwa ixesha. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo akusilona sicwangciso esona sihle xa sisebenzisana nezigqibo ezinzima.
I-Additive Model Model
Le ndlela ibandakanya ukuqwalasela yonke impawu ebalulekileyo yezinketho ezifanelekileyo kwaye emva kokuvavanya indlela yokukhetha nganye.
Le ndlela ihlala yindlela engcono xa yenza izigqibo ezinzima.
Umzekelo, cinga ukuba unomdla wokuthenga ikhamera entsha. Udala uluhlu lwempawu ezibalulekileyo ofuna ukuba ikhamera ibe nayo, ngoko ulinganise ukhetho ngalunye kwinqanaba -5 ukuya ku -5. Iikhamera ezinokubaluleka ezibalulekileyo zingafumana ukulinganiswa kwe-+5 kweso sici, ngelixa abo banokungaphumeleli okukhulu banokufumana u--5 ukulinganisa kuloo nto. Emva kokuba ukhangele ukhetho ngalunye, unako ukuvelisa iziphumo ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi inqanaba elona liphezulu.
Imodeli yohlobo olongezelelweyo ingaba yindlela enhle yokufumanisa ukhetho olukhethekileyo phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha. Njengoko unokucinga, nangona kunjalo, inokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwaye mhlawumbi asiyiyo isicwangciso esilungileyo sokwenza isigqibo xa uxinzelelwe ixesha.
Ukuqedwa koMzekelo
Ukuqedwa kwemimandla kwindlela yokuqala ephakanyiswa ngu-Amos Tversky wengqondo kwengqondo ngo-1972. Kulo ndlela, uvavanya inketho nganye kwisimo esisodwa kwixesha eliqala kuyo nayiphi na into okholelwa ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu. Xa into ehluleka ukuhlangabezana nemigqaliselo oyifumeneyo, uwela umnqweno uphendule uluhlu lwakho lokukhetha. Uluhlu lwakho lokukhetha lunokuthi luncinci kwaye lincinci njengoko uwela izinto uluhlu uze ufike kwindlela enye.
Ukwenza izigqibo ekujonganeni nokungaqiniseki
Iinkqubo ezintathu ezedlulileyo zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho izigqibo zichanekileyo, kodwa kwenzekani xa kukho umngcipheko othile, ukungaboni kakuhle okanye ukungaqiniseki okubandakanyekayo? Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba uhamba ngokukhawuleza kwiklasi yengqondo yakho. Ngaba ufanele uqhube ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sejubane ukuze ufike ngexesha, kodwa usengozini yokufumana ithikithi elikhawulezayo? Okanye ngaba ufanele uqhube umda wokukhawuleza, umngcipheko ufike emva kwexesha, kwaye mhlawumbi ufumane iingongoma zokuba ulahlekile i-quiz ehleliweyo yemibuzo? Kule meko, kufuneka uqikelele ukuba kungenzeka ukuba ufikelele ekuqeshweni kwakho ngokubhekiselele ekubeni unako ukufumana ithikithi yokukhawulezisa.
Xa besenza isigqibo kuloo meko, abantu bathambekele ekusebenziseni izicwangciso ezimbini zokuthatha izigqibo: ukufumaneka kobuchule kunye nokumelelana kweempawu. Khumbula, i- heuristic ngumthetho-we-thumb yengqondo emfutshane-eyinqununu evumela abantu ukuba benze izigqibo kunye nezigwebo ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukufumaneka kwe-Heuristic : Xa sizama ukucacisa ukuba kukho into ethile, sihlala siqwalasela ukuqikelelwa okunjalo ngendlela elula ngayo ukukhumbula iziganeko ezifanayo ezenzeka kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uzama ukugqiba ukuba ngaba ufanele uqhube umgca wekhawulezi kwaye unobungozi ukufumana ithikithi, unokucinga ukuba zihlandlo ezilihlandlo ozibonile abantu bebethelwa ngaphaya kwegosa lombutho ngendlela ethile. Ukuba awukwazi ukucinga ngoko nayiphi na imizekelo, unokwenza isigqibo sokuqhubela phambili kwaye uthathe ithuba, ekubeni ukufumaneka kobuchule bukhokelela ekubeni ugwebe ukuba abantu abambalwa baxoshwa ukuba baqhutywe kwindlela ethile. Ukuba unokucinga ngemimandla emininzi yabantu ekugqibeleni, unokwenza isigqibo sokuyidlala ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye uqhube umda wesantya esicetywayo.
- Ukumelwa kweeNgqungquthela : I- shortcutcut yengqondo ibandakanya ukuthelekisa imeko yethu yangoku kumboniso wethu wesiganeko okanye ukuziphatha. Umzekelo, xa uzama ukugqiba ukuba ngaba ufanele ukukhawuleza ukuya kwiklasi lakho ngexesha, unokuzifanisa nomfanekiso wakho umntu onokufumana ithikithi elikhawulezayo. Ukuba iprototype yakho yintsholongwane engenazintlu eqhuba imoto yokutshisa kwaye unomfazi osemusha oqhuba i-sedan, unokuqikelela ukuba ithuba lokufumana ithikithi elikhawulezayo liphantsi.
Inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo ingaba yinto elula (njengokhetho lokukhetha okukhethwa kukho) okanye oluyinkimbinkimbi (njengendlela yokwenza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezikhoyo). Isicwangciso esiyisebenzisayo kuxhomekeke kwimibandela eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ixesha elifunekayo lokwenza isigqibo, ubunzima obunzima besigqibo, kunye nenani lokungahambi kakuhle okubandakanyekayo.
> Imithombo:
> Hockenbury, DH & Hockenbury, SE (2006). Psychology. IYew York: Abapapashi abafanelekileyo.
> Tversky, A. (1972). Ukuqedwa ngemida: Imfundiso yokukhetha. Ukuphononongwa kwengqondo, 80, 281-299.
> Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1982). Isigwebo ngaphantsi kokungaqiniseki: Iimpawu kunye neengxaki. KuDaniel Kahneman, uPaul Slovic, no-Amos Tversky (Eds.). Isigwebo ngaphantsi kokungaqiniseki: Iimpawu kunye neengxaki. I-New York: I-Cambridge University Press.