Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinga malunga nezihloko zengqondo. Umbono wezinto eziphilayo uyindlela yokujonga imiba yengqondo ngokufunda isiseko somzimba kunye nokuziphatha kwabantu. Ngenye yeendlela eziphambili zeengqondo kunye nokubandakanya izinto ezifana nokufunda ingqondo, isistim somzimba, isimiso se-nervous, kunye ne-genetics.
Enye yeengxoxo ezinkulu kwiingcaphephe sele ixhomekeke kwiinkxaso ezihambelanayo zendalo kunye nokunyusa .
Abo bathatha indawo yokunyusa ingxoxo-mpikiswano babonisa ukuba yimiba edlala indima enkulu ekuziphatheni. Umbono wezinto eziphilayo ubonisa ukugxininisa ukubaluleka kwendalo.
I-Biological Perspective kwi-Psychology
Le ntsimi yengqondo idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi- biopsychology okanye ingqondo yengqondo. Eli sebe leengqondo liye lakhula ngokukrakra kwiminyaka yamuva kwaye linxulumene nezinye iindawo zesayensi kuquka i-biology, i-neurology kunye ne-genetics.
Ukufunda nge-physiology kunye neenkqubo ze-biological kuye kwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwingqondo yengqondo ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo . KwakuyiCharles Darwin owaqala ukubonisa ingcamango yokuba ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kunye nezofuzo zidlala indima ekuziphatheni komntu. Ukukhethwa kwemvelo kuthintela ukuba ngaba iipatheni ezithile zokuziphatha zidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Iimpawu zokuncedisa ekuncedeni ekusindeni ziyakwazi ukugqithiswa ngelixa ezo zibonakalisa ziyingozi zingenakufumana ilifa.
Imbono yezinto eziphilayo yindlela yokujonga iingxaki zoluntu kunye nezenzo. Cinga ngolu hlobo olunjengobundlobongela, umzekelo. Omnye usebenzisa i-psychoanalytic ngombono unokujonga ubugwenxa njengomphumo wobomi bebuntwaneni kunye nezibongozo ezingenakuqonda . Omnye umntu angathatha indlela yokuziphatha kwaye acinge ngendlela ukuziphatha kwakumelwe ngayo, ukuqiniswa kunye nokujeziswa .
Ingcali yengqondo yengqondo inokubheka i-dynamics yeqela kunye neengcinezelo ezibangela ukuziphatha okunjalo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iimbono zezinto eziphilayo ziza kubandakanya ukujonga iingcambu zezinto eziphilayo ezibangelwa ziziphathamandla. Umntu othabathe ingcamango yezinto eziphilayo unokucinga ngendlela iintlobo ezithile zokulimala kwengqondo zingakhokelela kwizenzo ezinobundlobongela. Okanye banokucinga ngeziganeko zobomi ezingaba negalelo kwimiboniso yokuziphatha.
Luhlobo Luni Lwezinto Ngaba Iingcali Zeengqondo Zithandwa?
Iingcali ze-Biopsychologists zifunda ezininzi izinto ezifanayo nezinye izazi zengqondo, kodwa zinomdla ekujongeni indlela amabutho e-biological akha ngayo ukuziphatha kwabantu. Ezinye iicatshulwa zengqondo zengase zihlolisise ngokusebenzisa le mbono ziquka:
- Ukuhlalutya indlela ukuxhwaleka kwengqondo kuchaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha
- Ukuphanda indlela izifo zobuchopho eziguguzayo ezichaphazela ngayo abantu
- Ukuhlola indlela iimfuyo ezichaphazela ngayo izinto ezinjengobundlobongela
- Ukufunda indlela ukuveliswa kwemvelo kunye nomonakalo wengqondo kudibaniswa neengxaki zengqondo
- Ukuvavanya ukungafani kunye nokufana kwamawele ukuze kutholakale ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezihambelana nemfuza kwaye zidibene neempembelelo zendalo
Lo mbono uye wanda kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje njengeteknoloji esetyenziselwa ukufundisisa ingqondo, kwaye inkqubo ye-nervous iye yanda kakhulu.
Namhlanje, izazinzulu zisebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-PET kunye ne-MRI ukujonga ukuba uphuhliso lobuchopho, iziyobisi, izifo, kunye nomonakalo wengqondo zichaphazela njani ukuziphatha nokusebenza kwengcamango.
Izizathu zokuthatha iNkalo yeBilo
Enye yamandla okusebenzisa i-biological perspective ukuhlalutya iingxaki zengqondo kukuba le ndlela isekwenzululwazi. Abaphandi basebenzisa iindlela ezintle, kwaye iziphumo zabo zihlala zithembekile kwaye zisebenza. Uphando lwezinto eziphilayo luye lunceda ukuvelisa unyango oluncedo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sengqondo .
Ubuthathaka bale ndlela kukuba kaninzi akwazi ukuphendula malunga nezinye iimpembelelo zokuziphatha.
Izinto ezinjengeemvakalelo, iingcinezelo zentlalo, izinto zokusingqongileyo, amava abantwana, kunye neenkqubela zenkcubeko zinokudlala indima ekwakheni iingxaki zengqondo. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba indlela yezinto eziphilayo iyona yindlela ehlukeneyo yeengqondo. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhangela ingxaki, abaphandi banokufumana izicombululo ezahlukeneyo ezinokuba nezicelo zoncedo zehlabathi zangempela.
ILizwi
Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukileyo apho ukujonga ingqondo kunye nokuziphatha komntu kunye nembono yezinto eziphilayo kubonisa enye yezi ndlela. Ngokujonga iisiseko zezinto eziphilayo zokuziphatha kwabantu, izazi zeengqondo zikwazi ukuqonda indlela ubuchopho kunye neenkqubo zemizimba ezinokuchaphazela ngayo indlela abantu bacinga ngayo, benze ngayo kwaye bazive. Lo mbono uvumela abaphandi ukuba bafumane unyango olutsha olujolise kwiimpembelelo ze-biological kwintlalo yengqondo.
> Imithombo:
> Hockenbury, DH & Hockenbury SE. Ukufumanisa i-Psychology. I-New York: AbaPashi Abafanelekileyo; 2011.
> Pastorino, EE, Doyle-Portillo, SM. Yintoni i-Psychology? Iziseko, izicelo kunye nokuhlanganiswa. IBoston, MA: UkuFunda kweCengage; 2015.