Ingqwalasela yeSikhumbuzo kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo
Ngaba wake wakha wazibuza indlela okwazi ukukhumbula ngayo ulwazi lovavanyo? Ukukwazi ukudala imemori emitsha, ukuyigcina ixesha lexesha, kwaye uyayikhumbula xa ifunekayo ivumela ukuba sifunde kwaye sisebenzisana nehlabathi elisijikelezayo. Cinga ngethuba elingaphi kangangoko ngosuku uxhomekeke kwimemori yakho kukunceda ukuba usebenze, ukukhumbula indlela yokusebenzisa ikhomputha yakho ukukhumbula igama lakho lephasiwedi ukungena ngemvume kwi-akhawunti yakho yasebhanki.
Ukufunda imemori yoluntu kuye kwaba yinto yesayensi kunye nefilosofi ngamawaka eminyaka kwaye ibe yinto ebalulekileyo yezinto ezichaphazelekayo kwimiqondo yengqondo . Kodwa yintoni na imemori? Ziyakhiwa njani iinkumbulo? Uluhlu olulandelayo lubonisa ukuba imemori yintoni, indlela esebenza ngayo, nendlela ehlelwe ngayo.
Yintoni iMemori?
Imemori ibhekisela kwiinkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukuzuza, ukugcina, ukugcina, kwaye emva koko ukufumana ulwazi. Kukho iinkqubo ezintathu eziphambili ezibandakanyeka kwimemori: ukufakwa kwekhowudi, ukugcinwa kunye nokubuyisela .
Ukuze uyenze inkumbulo emitsha, ulwazi kufuneka litshintshwe libe yifom esebenzayo, eyenzekayo kwinkqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi ikhowudi . Xa ulwazi lufakwe ngekhowudi ngempumelelo, kufuneka lugcinwe kwimemori ukuze lusetyenziswe kamva. Ininzi yale memori egciniweyo ingaphandle kwenkcazelo yethu ixesha elide, ngaphandle kokuba kufuneka siyisebenzise. Inkqubo yokubuyisela ivumela ukuba sizise imemori egciniweyo eyaziwayo.
Umzekelo wesigaba seMemori
Nangona iindidi zeememori ezihlukeneyo ziye zacetyiswa, imodeli yesigaba sememori isetyenziswa rhoqo ukuchaza isiseko esisiseko kunye nomsebenzi wememori. Ekuqaleni kucetywayo ngo-1968 nguAtkinson noShiffrin, le ngqungquthela ichaza izigaba ezintathu zeememori ezihlukeneyo: imemori yeenvakalelo, imemori yesikhashana, kunye nememori yesikhathi eside.
- Imemori Yengqiqo
Imemori enemifanekiso iyona nqanaba lokuqala lomemori. Ngeli nqanaba, ulwazi lwenzululwazi kulondolozo lwendawo lugcinwa ixesha elifutshane kakhulu, ngokungekho ngaphezu kwesiqingatha-sibini kwenkcazelo ebonwayo kunye nemizuzwana emi-3 okanye-4 yokufumana ulwazi oluphicothiweyo. Siya kwiinkalo ezithile zeememori zengqondo, ukuvumela ezinye zeenkcukacha zigqithise kwisigaba esilandelayo-imemori yesikhashana. - Imemori yexesha elifutshane
Imemori yesikhashana, eyaziwayo njengememori esebenzayo, ingcaciso esaziwayo okanye esicinga ngayo. Kwiengqondo ze Freudian, le memori yayiza kuthiwa ingqondo engqondweni . Ukunikela ingqalelo kwiimemori ezinengqondo zivelisa ulwazi kwimemori yesikhashana. Ininzi yolwazi egcinwe kwimemori ekhuselekileyo iya kugcinwa malunga nemizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwe-30. Nangona ezininzi iinkumbulo zethu zexeshana zikhohliwe ngokukhawuleza, ukuya kule nkcazelo kuvumela ukuba kuqhutywe kwinqanaba elilandelayo-imemori yesikhathi eside. - Imemori yexesha elide
Imemori yexesha elide ibhekisela ekugcinweni kolwazi. Kwiengqondo ze Freudian, imemori yexesha elide yayiya kuthiwa yintliziyo engenakunqwenela . Olu lwazi lukhulu ngaphandle kolwazi lwethu kodwa lungabizwa kwimemori yokusebenza ukuba isetyenziswe xa kuyimfuneko. Ezinye zeenkcukacha zilula ukukhumbula, ngelixa ezinye iinkumbulo zinzima kakhulu ukufikelela.
Umbutho weMemori
Ukukwazi ukufikelela nokufumana ulwazi oluvela kwimemori yexesha elide kusenza ukuba sisebenzise le nkumbulo ukuba senze izigqibo, sisebenzisane nabanye, size sigqibe iingxaki . Kodwa ulwazi luhlelwe njani kwimemori? Indlela ecacileyo yolwazi ehlelwe kwimemori yesikhathi eside ayiqondwanga kakuhle, kodwa abaphandi bayazi ukuba ezi zikhumbuzo zihlelwe ngamaqela.
Ukuqulunqa kusetyenziswa ukuhlela ulwazi oludibeneyo ngamaqela. Ulwazi olukwahlula luba lula ukukhumbula nokukhumbula. Umzekelo, qwalasela eli liqela lamazwi alandelayo:
Idesk, i-apula, i-shelf, ibomvu, iplamu, itafile, eluhlaza, iinanimpe, obomvu, isitulo, i-peach, i-yellow
Se benzisa imizuzwana embalwa ufunda, ke jonga kude kwaye uzame ukukhumbula kwaye uluhlu lwamagama. Wenza njani iqela amagama xa uwabalula? Uninzi lwabantu luza kuluhlu lusebenzisa ezintathu iindidi ezahlukeneyo: umbala, ifenitshala kunye neziqhamo.
Enye indlela yokucinga ngenhlangano yememori iyaziwa njengemodeli yenethiwekhi yesetantic . Lo mzekeliso ubonisa ukuba izinto ezithile zivuselela iinkumbulo ezidibeneyo. Inkumbulo yendawo ethile ingenza ikhumbule izinto ezinxulumene nezinto ezenzeke kuloo ndawo. Ngokomzekelo, ukucinga malunga nesakhiwo esithile sinokubangela ukuba ukhumbule ukuya kwiiklasi, ukufunda kunye nokudibanisa noontanga.