INkcubeko inokuthintela njani ukuziphatha
Iinkcubeko ezihlangeneyo zigxininisa iimfuno kunye neenjongo zeqela ngokubanzi kwiimfuno kunye neminqweno yomntu ngamnye. Kwizo nkcubeko, ubudlelwane namanye amalungu eqela kunye nokudibana phakathi kwabantu badlala indima ephambili kumntu ngamnye. Iintlobo zaseAsia, iMbindi yaseMerika, eMzantsi Melika kunye neAfrika zithatha ukuba zininzi.
Iimpawu zeNkcubeko zoQoqosho
Iimpawu ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo zeenkcubeko ezihlangeneyo ziquka:
- Imithetho yeNtlalo ijolise ekukhuthazeni ukungabi nantoni nokubeka uluntu phambili phambi kweemfuno ngamnye
- Ukusebenza njengeqela kunye nokuxhasa abanye kubalulekile
- Abantu bakhuthazwa ukuba benze okulungileyo kuluntu
- Imindeni kunye noluntu lunendima ephambili
Kwiinkcubeko ezihlangeneyo, abantu babonwa ngokuba "bahle" ukuba banomdla, banceda, banokuthenjwa, kwaye banamkelekileyo iimfuno zabanye. Oku kuyahlukana neenkcubeko ezizimeleyo ezihlala zigxininisa ngakumbi kwiimpawu ezifana nokuqinisekiswa nokuzimela.
Amazwe ambalwa athathwa njengamaqela aquka iJapan, iChina, iKorea, iTaiwan, iVenezuela, iGuatemala, i-Indonesia, i-Ecuador, i-Argentina, iBrazil kunye ne-Indiya.
Indlela iqoqo leenkcubeko ezihluke ngayo kwiindawo ezizimeleyo
Iintlanga zenkcubeko zihlala zihluke kwiinkcubeko zabantu.
Xa i-collectivism igxininisa ukubaluleka koluntu, ukuzimela ngabanye kugxininise kumalungelo kunye nokukhathazeka komntu ngamnye. Xa ubumbano kunye nokungabi nantoni zizinto ezixabisekileyo kwiinkcubeko zobudlelwane, ukuzimela kunye nobuntu bodwa zigxininiswe kwiinkcubeko zabantu.
Ukwahluka kwale nkcubeko kwande kakhulu kwaye kunokuchaphazela ezininzi iinkalo zendlela umphakathi usebenza ngayo.
Indlela abantu abathengayo, abagqoke, abafunda kunye nokuqhuba ibhizinisi banokuphembelelwa ukuba ngaba bavela kumntu ohlangeneyo okanye kwinkcubeko ngabanye. Ngokomzekelo, abasebenzi abahlala kwintlalo yamaqabane bangazama ukuzincama ngokwabo inzuzo enkulu yeqela. Abo bavela kwiinkcubeko zabantu, ngakwelinye icala, banokuvakalelwa kukuba inhlalakahle yabo kunye neenjongo zithwala ubunzima obukhulu.
Indlela yokuQulunqwa kweeNkcubeko eziPhatha ngayo
Iingcali zeengqondo zengqumbo-zenkcubeko ziphonononga indlela ukuhluka kwale nkcubeko kuthintela ngayo iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba inkcubeko ithonya indlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo, kunye neengcamango zabo . Abo beenkcubeko ngabanye bazichaza ngokwabo ngokwempawu zobuntu kunye nempawu , umzekelo, "Ndiyindoda, ndihlekisayo, ndibaleka kwaye ndinobubele." Abo bavela kwimikhosi yamaqela ekuhlanganiseni babeya kuzichaza ngokubanzi ngokweenxulumano zabo zentlalo kunye neendima, umzekelo, "Ndingumntwana olungileyo, umzalwana kunye nomhlobo."
Iikholeji zezoqoqo zidibanisa nokuhamba kwabantu abaphantsi, ixesha lokuchaza amathuba amaninzi ebantwini ekuquluneni ubudlelwane nabantu abakhethiweyo. Ukuhamba ngokunyanisekileyo ukuthetha kuthetha ukuba ubudlelwane babantu bomelele, bomelele kwaye buhlala ixesha elide.
Olu dlelwane luvame ukubunjwa ngenxa yezinto ezifana nosapho kunye neendawo zendawo kunokuba zikhethwe ngabanye. Kwiinkcubeko zentlangano, kunzima ukwakha ubudlelwane nabantu abatsha, ngenxa yokuba kunzima kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nabo. Abangaphandle banokuhlala bengamazi kulabo bavela kwiinkcubeko ezihlangeneyo kunokuba babe ngabantu abavela kwiinkcubeko zabantu.
Ukongezelela, ukugcina ukuvisisana phakathi kobudlelwane obusondeleyo kubaluleke kakhulu kwiinkcubeko ezihlangeneyo. Oku kwenzeka ukuba olu lwalamano luhlala ixesha elide kwaye lunzima kakhulu ukutshintsha ukuba ukungahlali kugcine uxolo kunokuthetha ukungaxhamli kubo bonke abathintekayo.
Ukwahlukana kwenkcubeko kuchaphazela nokukhuthaza ukuma okanye ukulungelelanisa nalo lonke iqela. Ngomnye umzamo, abathathi-nxaxheba baseMelika naseJapan baxelwa ukuba bakhethe ipeni. Uninzi lweepenki lwalufana nombala ofanayo, kunye neendlela ezimbalwa ngemibala eyahlukileyo. Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba baseMelika lakhetha iipenki ezinemibala embala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abathathi-nxaxheba baseJapane babekuninzi kakhulu ukukhetha ipeni ebalaseleyo yebala, nangona bekhetha iipenki ezincinci. Esinye isizathu sokuba le nto ibe yinto yokuba, ukuvela kwiinkcubeko ezihlangeneyo, abaxhamli baseJapane baxabisa ngokuvisisana ukuvumelanisa ngokuzikhethela ngaphezu kokukhethwa komntu kwaye bakhetha ukuziphatha okungazimeli kokushiya iipenki ezixhomekeke kwabanye abangabathanda.
> Imithombo:
> Kito M, Yuki M, Thomson R. Ukuhambelana nokuHlalana noBudlelwane obusondeleyo: Indlela yoLuntu ngezoLuntu ukuchaza ukuhlukana kweNkcubeko. Ubudlelwane bomntu . Matshi 2017; 24 (1): 114-130. i-doi: 10.1111 / pere.12174.
> Yamagishi T, Hashimoto H, Schug J. Izintando-nxamnye Namaqhinga njengenkcazo yokuziphatha ngendlela ecacileyo. Iingcali zeNzululwazi. 2008: 19: 579-584. i-doi: 10.1111 / j.1467-9280.2008.02126.x.