Imizwa ibonakala ilawula ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Senza izigqibo ngokusekelwe ekubeni sinovuyo, sinobukrakra, siyadabuka, siyaxhala, okanye siyaxhalabisa. Sakhetha imisebenzi kunye nezinto zokuzilibazisa ezisekelwe kwiimvakalelo abazikhuthaza.
Yintoni Eyona Imvakalelo?
Ngokutsho kwincwadi ethi, "Ukufumanisa i-Psychology," "Isimo sengqondo sisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi seengqondo esichaphazelekayo, esichaphazelekayo: iimeko ezizimeleyo, impendulo yokuphila, kunye nokuphendula okanye ukuphendula ngokucacileyo."
Ukongezelela ekuqondeni ukuba ziphi iimvakalelo, abaphandi baye bazama ukuchonga nokuhlula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemizwa. Ngomnyaka we-1972, isazi sengqondo sengqondo uPaul Eckman sacebisa ukuba kukho imvakalelo engundoqo eyisithupha ehlabathini lonke kwiinkcubeko zabantu: ukwesaba, ukunyaniseka, umsindo, ukumangaliswa, ulonwabo nosizi. Ngo-1999, wandisa lolu luhlu ukuba afake ezinye iimvakalelo ezisisiseko, kuquka ukuhlazeka, ukunyaniseka, ukudelelwa, ukuhlazeka, ukuqhosha, ukwaneliseka kunye nokuzonwabisa.
Ngomnyaka wee-1980, uRobert Plutchik wazisa enye inkqubo yokumisa imvakalelo eyaziwa ngokuba yi "ivili lomsindo." Lo mzekelo wabonisa indlela iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo ezinokudibaniswa okanye ezixutywe kunye, ngendlela eninzi umculi udibanisa imibala ephambili ukudala eminye imibala. UPlutchik wacetyisa ukuba kukho iipali ezi-8 eziphambili zengqondo: ulonwabo kunye nokudabuka, umsindo kunye noyiko, ukuthembela kunye nokunyaniseka, nokumangaliswa nokulindela.
Ezi mvakalelo zinokudibaniswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ulonwabo kunye nokulindela kunokudibanisa ukudala uvuyo.
Ukuze siqonde kangcono iimvakalelo, makhe sigxile kwizinto ezintathu eziphambili.
IiNkalo eziPhambili
Nangona iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kukho imvakalelo yezinto ezisisiseko ehlabathini jikelele ezifunyanwa ngabantu emhlabeni jikelele kungakhathaliseki ukuba imvelaphi okanye inkcubeko, abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ukuvakalelwa ngumoya kunakho ukuthobela.
Ngelixa sinokuba neebhalile ezibanzi ngeemvakalelo ezithile ezifana "nentlungu," "buhlungu," okanye "uyavuya," amava akho ahlukeneyo kwezi mvakalelo mhlawumbi zininzi ezininzi. Cinga ngomsindo. Ngaba yonke umsindo iyafana? Amava akho angabelana nokukhathazeka okukrakra ukuphazamisa umsindo.
Ngaphezu koko, asihlali siqwalasela iintlobo ezizodwa zeemvakalelo. Imvakalelo edibeneyo kwiziganeko ezahlukeneyo okanye imeko kwiimeko zethu eziqhelekileyo. Xa ubhekene nokuqala umsebenzi omtsha, unokuba uzive unomdla kwaye unomdla. Ukutshata okanye nokuba nomntwana kunokumakishwa ngeemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo ezivela kwimincili ukuya kwixhala. Ezi mvakalelo zinokuthi zenzeke kanyekanye, okanye unokuba uziva omnye emva komnye.
Impendulo yePhysical
Ukuba uye wabuya uvakalelwa isisu sakho kwixhala okanye intliziyo yakho ityhaphaza, ngoko uyaqonda ukuba iimvakalelo zenza ukuba izimo zemizimba ziqine. (Okanye, njengemfundiso ye- Cannon-Bard yemvakalelo , sinomuvakalelo kwaye sinokuziphendulela ngokwasemzimbeni kanyekanye.) Uninzi lweempendulo ozifumanayo ngexesha lomzwelo, ezifana nokukhupha iintendelezo, ukugijima kwentliziyo, okanye ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza kulawulwa nguvelwano inkqubo yeentlanzi, isebe le- system ye-nerveous autonomic system .
Inkqubo ye-neon autonomic ilawula izimpendulo zomzimba ezingenakuzibandakanya, ezifana nokuhamba kwegazi kunye nokutya. Inkqubo yesantya evelwano iyahlawulwa ngokulawula ukuphendula komzimba -okanye-moya . Xa ubhekene nosongelo, ezi mpendulo zilungiselela ngokuzenzekelayo umzimba wakho ukuba ubalekele engozini okanye ubhekane nesongelo.
Nangona uphando lwangaphambili lwe-physiology of emotion ludinga ukugxila kule mpendulo yokuzimela, uphando olutshanje lujolise kwingqalelo yengqondo kwimvakalelo. I-Brain scans ibonise ukuba i-amygdala, inxalenye yesimiso semilenze, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimvakalelo kunye nokwesaba ngakumbi.
I-amygdala ngokwayo isakhiwo esincinane se-almond, esinezinto ezixhasayo ezinjengokulamba nokunxanwa kunye nenkumbulo kunye nemvakalelo. Abaphandi baye basebenzisa i-brain imaging ukubonisa ukuba xa abantu baboniswa imifanekiso esongelayo, i-amygdala iyasebenza. Ukulimala kwi-amygdala kuye kwaboniswa ukuba kuphazamise ukuphendula kokwesaba.
Impendulo yokuziphatha
Icandelo lokugqibela mhlawumbi omnye owazi kakuhle-ukubonakalisa kwangempela imvakalelo. Sichitha ixesha elibalulekileyo lokutolika amazwi avakalelwa ngabantu abasijikelezile. Ukukwazi kwethu ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo eli binzana lixhomekeke kwizinto zeengqondo ezibizwa ngokuba yingqiqo yeemvakalelo , kwaye ezi binzana zidlala inxaxheba enkulu kwinxalenye yomzimba wethu . Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba amaninzi amanqaku asemhlabeni wonke, njengomomotho obonakalisa injabulo okanye ukuzonwabisa okanye ukukrakra okubonisa ukudakumba okanye ukungonwabi. Imithetho yenkcubeko nayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela esichaza ngayo kwaye siyichaze iimvakalelo. EJapan, umzekelo, abantu banamathele ukubonakalisa ukwesaba okanye ukunyaniseka xa umntu ophethe igunya ekhoyo.
Iimvakalelo kunye neeMoods
Ngeelwimi zansuku zonke, abantu badla ngokusebenzisa igama elithi "imizwa" kunye "nemizwelo" ngokungafaniyo, kodwa izazi zeengqondo zenza ukubahluko phakathi kwezi zibini. Zihluke njani? Uvakalelo luhlala lufutshane, kodwa lukhulu. Iimvakalelo nazo zinokuba nezizathu ezicacileyo nezichanekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokungavumelani nomhlobo phezu kwezopolitiki, unokuvakalelwa ngethuba elifutshane. Ngomnye uhlangothi, ngokuqhelekileyo kunzima kakhulu kunemvakalelo, kodwa ihlala ixesha elide. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kunokuba kunzima ukuchonga isizathu esithile sesimo sengqondo. Umzekelo, unokufumana uzive ukhululekile kwiintsuku eziliqela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, esikwaziyo.
> Imithombo:
> Ekman, P. (1999). Imvakalelo engundoqo, eDalgleish, T; Amandla, M, Incwadi yeCognition kunye nemizwelo. Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Son.
> Hockenbury, DH & Hockenbury, SE (2007). Ukufumanisa ingqondo. IYew York: Abapapashi abafanelekileyo.
> Plutchik, R. (1980). Umoya: Iingcamango, uphando kunye namava: Vol. 1. Iingcamango zengqondo 1 . ENew York: I-Press Press.