Amagama athi " ingqondo yeengqondo " kunye " nesifo sengqondo " aqhelekileyo asetyenziswe ngokungaqhelekanga ukuchaza nabani na onika iinkonzo zonyango, kodwa ezo zakhono ezimbini kunye neenkonzo ezibonelelwe ngophando ngalinye ziyahluka ngokwemiqathango kunye nomda.
Iingcali zonyango ziyezagqirha kwaye ziyakwazi ukumisela amayeza, awenzayo ngokubambisana nokubonelela ngengqondo yengqondo, nangona unyango lwezonyango kunye nezokwelapha zihlala zijolise kuzo.
Iingcali zengqondo ziphethe ama-degree degrees kodwa azinjalo oogqirha, kwaye abanakukwazi ukuzimisela kwiindawo ezininzi. Kunoko, banikezela ngengqondo kuphela, enokubandakanya ukungenelela kwengqondo kunye nokuziphatha.
Imfundo, UkuQeqesha, kunye neCredentials
Ngoxa iingqondo zengqondo kunye nabagula ngengqondo babini baphatha i-psychotherapy kunye nophando, kukho ukungafani okwenziwa phakathi kwezo zibini ngokuphathelele imfundo, ukuqeqeshwa kunye neendlela zokunyanga ngesigulane.
Iimfuno zeMfundo kwizengqondo
Iingcali zengqondo zifumana uqeqesho olugqityiweyo kwisigloji sengqondo kwaye ziphishekele i- PhD (Ugqirha we-Philosophy) okanye i- PsyD (ugqirha we-Psychology) kwi- psychology okanye yengqondo yengcebiso .
Iiprogram ze-Doctorate zithatha iminyaka emihlanu ukuya kweyisixhenxe ukugqiba kwaye amaninzi amazwe athi afune enye yokufunda okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka emibini ukuze azuze ilayisenisi. Ezinye iindawo zifuna omnye umnyaka okanye ezimbini kwizithethe eziphenjisiweyo ngaphambi kokunika imvume epheleleyo.
Ngexesha lemfundo yabo, abo baqhuba i-PhD okanye i-PsyD degree degree badla iikhosi ekuphuhliseni ubuntu, iindlela zophando lweengqondo, iindlela zonyango, iingcamango zengqondo, iindlela zokhathazeka kwengqondo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha phakathi kwezinye izihloko. Baphinde bazalise ukuqeqeshwa kwe-one-year-long, elandelwa yinkqubo yesenzo esicwangcisiweyo.
Isihloko esithi "isazi seengqondo" singasetyenziselwa kuphela umntu ogqityileyo kwimfundo engentla, uqeqesho kunye neemfuno zelayisenisi zesizwe. Izihloko ezingaqhelekanga ezifana "nomcebisi" okanye "ophengululi" zisoloko zisetyenziselwa ngokunjalo, kodwa ezinye iingcali zonyango lwezempilo yengqondo ezifana nabasebenzi bezentlalo banelungelo lokuzibiza ezi zihloko.
Inketho ye-PhD degree ihlala isekelwe ngakumbi kuphando. Abo bafumana i-PhD kwikliniki yekliniki okanye yokucebisa iingqondo bafumana uqeqesho olubanzi kwiindlela zophando kwaye bazalise ukukhutshwa. Inketho ye-PsyD degree, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithambekele ekubeni yinkqubo ejoliswe kuyo. Abafundi abaphishekela le nqanaba lichitha ixesha elide lokufunda malunga nokusebenzisa iindlela zokliniki kunye nezonyango.
Njengeengqondo zengqondo, izazi zengqondo zisebenzisa i-DSM (okanye i-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) ukuxilonga abantu abanezifo zesifo sengqondo. Ngokuqhelekileyo basebenzisa iimvavanyo zengqondo ezifana neemvavanyo zobuntu, i-interview interviews, kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-IQ ukwenzela ukuba uthole ingcamango engcono yendlela umsebenzisi osebenza ngayo.
Izidingo zemfundo zeengqondo
Iingqondo zogqirha zineengcali ezithile ekuhloleni, ukuxilongwa, unyango, nokukhusela izifo zengqondo.
Ukuze babe nguthambo lweengqondo, abafundi bafumana i-grade degree ngaphambi kokuba bafunde esikolweni kwaye bafumane i-MD
Emva kokugqiba uqeqesho lwabo lwezonyango, bazalise iminyaka emine yokuqeqeshwa kokuhlala kwimpilo yengqondo. Oku kuhlala kuhlala kubandakanya ukusebenza kwiyunithi yesifo esibhedlele. Basebenza kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezigulane ukusuka kubantwana ukuya kubadala abangase babe neengxaki zokuziphatha, ubunzima beemeko, okanye uhlobo oluthile lwesifo sengqondo.
Ngethuba lokuhlala kwezobugqirha, abo baqeshwe ngophando lweengqondo bafumana uqeqesho nokuziqhelanisa nendlela yokuxilonga nokuphatha izimo ezahlukahlukeneyo zengqondo ezifana ne-PTSD, ADHD, i-schizophrenia kunye ne-bipolar disorder.
Ii-Psychiatrists zifumana uqeqesho kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lweengqondo zengqondo eziquka unyango lwe-cognitive-behavioral, indlela eyenziwa yonyango eye yaboniswa ukuba inezinga eliphezulu lokuphumelela kunyango lweemeko zengqondo eziquka ukukhathazeka, ukukhathazeka, kunye nomsindo imiba. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukudibanisa ii-CBT kunye namayeza angasebenza ngakumbi kunyango lweemeko ezithile.
Abanye banokufumana uqeqesho olongezelelweyo kwindawo ethile yemdla njengokwenziwa kwengqondo yengqondo, umntwana kunye nentsha yesifo sengqondo, izilingo kunye nezinye iindawo. Abanye banokukhetha ukhetho oluthe gqolo ngokugqiba intsebenziswano kwindawo efana neuropsychiatry, izongezo, i-geriatrics, i-psychiatry yengqondo okanye i-psychopharmacology.
Ikhono Lokunikezela Imithi
Ukwahlula okwesibini obalulekileyo phakathi kwababini bemi sebenzi kukuba izifo zengqondo ziyakumisela amayeza , ngeli xesha, kwiindawo ezininzi, iingcali zeengqondo azikwazi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukutshutshiswa kwangoku kunikezela ukunika amandla amagunya ezengqondo. Ezinye iinjongo ezifana neNew Mexico kunye neLouanaana ngoku kunikezela amalungelo okugulisa iingcali zeengqondo zogqirha eziphethe i-degree-doctoral degree degree okanye ezilinganayo kwi-psychopharmacology yeklinikhi.
U-Kevin McGuinness, usihlalo we-Commissioned Corps I-Health mental Counction Advisory Group, ubhala esithi, "Kwababantu abanomdla kwi- psychology njengemigqaliselo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba abasebenzi abathile baseburhulumenteni kunye namagosa atyunjiweyo afanelekileyo (i-Army, Air Force, i-Public Health INkonzo, iMavy, njl. Njl) ezinikezelwe ilayisenisi kwelinye ilizwe njengengcali yezengqondo zonyango inokumisela nawuphi na ummandla apho abelwe nguRhulumente wombuso. "
Indlela abaphatha ngayo izigulane
Nangona ezo zimbini zizodwa, izazi zengqondo kunye neengqondo zendima zibambe indima ebalulekileyo ekunyilweni kwezempilo yengqondo. Ezi zimbini zisoloko ziboniswa njengento ephikisanayo, kodwa inyani kukuba bahlala bebambisana ngokubambisana ukuze banikeze unyango olungcono kakhulu kwizigulane.
Iingcali zengqondo kunye neengqondo zisoloko zisebenza ngokubambisana kwaye zinegalelo kwiplani yonyango ekhethekileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu abane-psychologist ukwenzela ukuba bafumane unyango lweengqondo rhoqo kwaye babone isifo sengqondo rhoqo ngeveki okanye ngenyanga ukwenzela ukuvavanya iimfuno zamachiza.
Ngokomzekelo, izigulane zingaqala ngokubona ugqirha wabo wokunakekela ngokuphambili ngempawu zeengqondo abazifumanayo. Ugqirha wabo unokubhekisela kwi-psychologist ukuphonononga kwakhona. Le ngqapheli yengqondo iyakwazi ukuyihlola, ukuvavanya nokuyixilonga isigulane ngaphambi kokuba ibhekisele kwisifo sengqondo esingakwazi ukumisela nokubeka iliso unyango. Isazi sengqondo sengqondo kunye nesifo sengqondo singasebenzisana kunye ne-psychologist enikezela ukungenelela kokuziphatha kunye nesifo sengqondo sokubonelela ngamachiza, ukuze kulungiswe kakuhle iimpawu.
Uhlobo lweendlela ezifunekayo ngokuxhomekeke kuxhomekeke kwisibakala sempawu zesigulane kunye neemfuno kunye nezifiso zesigulane. Olunye uphando luye lwaphakamisa ukuba izigulane zihlala zikhetha ukhetho lwe-psychotherapy yedwa okanye udibaniso lwe-psychotherapy ngamachiza. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, izigulana zingakhetha ukusebenzisana nomsebenzi weengqondo xa benqwenela kugxininisa kwi-psychotherapy okanye ngeqela elibandakanya isazi sengqondo kunye nesifo sengqondo ukuba bafuna ukudibanisa ukungenelela kokuziphatha kunye neyeza. Ezinye iziphumo ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukudibanisa iindlela zokwenza unyango kunokuba lunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwiigulane.
Job Outlook and Pay
Ngokwe- Occupational Outlook Handbook eyanyatheliswa yiBhovisi leBasebenzi leZibalo ze-US, umsebenzi wokujonga umsebenzi weengqondo kunye nabagula ngengqondo kulindeleke ukuba ukhule ngokulinganayo. Baxela ukuba imfuno yezifo zengqondo zikhuphuke kwizinga leepesenti ezingama-15 phakathi kweminyaka ye-2014 no-2024, ebonisa ukwanda kwimiba engama-4,200. Imfuno yeengqondo ze-psycholo kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngezinga elingaphaya kweepesenti ezingama-19 phakathi kweminyaka ye-2014 no-2024, enokunyuka kwama-32,500 eminye imisebenzi.
I-Bureau of Labor Statistics ibonisa ukuba umvuzo womyinge weengqondo ze-psychologiya ngo-Meyi 2016 wawuyi-$ 75,230 ngonyaka. Umvuzo wonyaka we-median of psychiatrists ngoMeyi 2016 wawusenyuka kakhulu kwi $ 245,673.
Kwababantu abanomdla ekuba yi-Psychologist okanye kwi-Psychiatrist
Ukuba ucinga ngomsebenzi njengengcali, uza kufuna ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokusebenza eyona nto ingcono kuwe. Ngaba unomdla wokuqhuba i- psychotherapy , ukulawula iimvavanyo zengqondo, nokuqhuba uphando? Ukuba kunjalo, umsebenzi njengengcali yeengqondo kunokukhetha okulungileyo kuwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba unomdla kumachiza kwaye ufuna ukukwazi ukunikezela unyango kwizigulane zakho, umsebenzi wokugula ngengqondo unokuba ngumkhethe wakho.
Ukuba awufuni ukutyalomla iminyaka emihlanu ukuya kweyesibhozo ekuqeqesheni iziqu, qwalasela ukuqhubela phambili umsebenzi njengomntu onontlalontle okanye ocebisi . Laba baqeqeshi bafanelekile ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zempilo yengqondo kuxhomekeke kuqeqesho kunye namava. Bobabini umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle kunye nokucebisa kubandakanya iminyaka emibini okanye emithathu yokufunda.
Unonophelo lwezengqondo ngenye indlela enkulu yokukhetha abafundi kubachaphazelekayo kumayeza. Abahlengikazi be-Psychiatric Advanced baphethe i-degree degree okanye ngaphezulu kwongikazi wezempilo yengqondo kwaye bayakwazi ukuvavanya izigulane, ukuxilonga izifo, ukubonelela ngeengqondo, nokunikezela unyango.
Oko Kufana Nokuba Ingqondo Yengqondo okanye Isifo Sengqondo
Ukulinganiswa komsebenzi / ubomi kunye nokusetyenzwa komsebenzi yimiba efunekayo abafundi xa bekhetha phakathi komsebenzi njengengqondo yesifo sengqondo okanye isazi sengqondo. Isibini isikolo sezonyango kunye nesikolo esiphumeleleyo sesigxina kwaye sifuna utyalo-mali obalulekileyo ngexesha, izibonelelo kunye namandla.
Indawo yokuhlala yonyango ingaba nzima, kwaye abafundi bafanele bazive bekhululekile ukusebenza kwizicwangciso zonyango xa bekhetha ukungena kwintsimi yesifo sengqondo.
Emva kokugqitywa kwezifundo, iingqondo zonyango ezikhetha ukusebenza kwizicwangciso zesibhedlele zingafuneka ukuba zisebenze iiyure ezinde okanye zifowunelwe. Iingxaki zengqondo zingasebenza kwizibhedlele, kodwa zinokukhetha ukusebenzela kumaziko empilo yengqondo, izicwangciso zezemfundo okanye ukuzimela ngasese. Abo bakhetha ukusebenzela ngasese bafumane ukuba banokulawula ngaphezulu kwishedyuli yabo kunye neeyure.
Iingcali zengqondo zijongana neemfuno ezifanayo. Abanye oogqirha beengqondo banokukhetha ukuba basebenze kwizicwangciso zesibhedlele, ngelixa ezinye zifumaneka kwiikliniki zempilo yengqondo, i-arhente karhulumente, izicwangciso zezemfundo kunye nokusebenza kwangasese. Abaqeqeshi beli funda banokufumanisa ukuba kufuneka basebenze ngokuhlwa kunye neeveki zeeveki ukuze bafumane amakhasimende asebenza ngexesha leentsuku zokusebenza. Njengazifo zengqondo, iingcali zengqondo zisebenza kwintsimi yempilo yengqondo nazo zifuna ukuba zifowuni ngamanye amaxesha okanye zikwazi ukuphendula kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
ILizwi
Iingcali zengqondo kunye neengqondo zimelela ukutyunjwa kwezobugcisa, kodwa zombini zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkalo yengqondo yengqondo. Ukwahlula okubalulekileyo phakathi kweengqondo zeengqondo kunye nabagula ngengqondo behlela kwimvelaphi yemfundo kunye nokucacisa amandla, kodwa zombini babelana ngenjongo ebalulekileyo yokunceda izigulane zibe ngcono.
Kukho ulwahluko olubalulekileyo phakathi kweengqondo zeengqondo kunye nabagula ngengqondo kunye nabathengi bempilo yengqondo kufuneka baqaphele ukwahlula phakathi kwezi zimbini. Nangona kukho ukungafani, bobabini beengqondo kunye nabagula ngengqondo baxhotyiswe ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zempilo yengqondo kubantu abanesifo esincinci ukuya kwisifo esingathí sina sengqondo.
Bobabili bafumana uqeqesho olunzulu kwingqondo kunye nempilo yengqondo, ngoko uhlobo lobuchule owukhethayo lokubona lunokuxhomekeka ekufikeleleni kwindawo yakho kwaye ingaba ungayifuni imishanguzo yokuphatha unyango lwakho. Akukho namnye "olungcono" kunomnye, kodwa iimfuno zakho kunye neempawu ezithile zingadlala indima apho uqeqesho olufanelekileyo luncedo ukukunceda kunyango lwakho. Xoxa ngeenketho zakho kunye nogqirha wakho kwaye ufune iingxelo zokufumana iingcali zempilo yengqondo endaweni yakho onokukunceda ukujongana nemiba ejongene nayo.
> Imithombo:
> Capuzzi, iD & Stauffer, MD. Ukucebisa kunye Neengqondo: Iingcamango nezongenelelo. I-Aleksandriya, VA: UMbutho woMcebisi waseMerika; 2016.
> Hofmann, SG, Asnaani, A. Vonk, IJJ, Sawyer, AT, & Fang, A. Ukusebenza kweChnitive Behavioral Treatment: Ukuphononongwa kwe-Meta-analysis. 2012; 36 (5): 427-440. i-doi: 10.1007 / s10608-012-9476-1.
> McGuinness, KM. Unxibelelwano lomntu. Meyi 19, 2011.
> IPlotnik, R. & Kouyoumdjian, H. Intshayelelo kwiSychology. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth; 2014.