Kwengqondo, isimo sengqondo sibhekisela kwimilinganiselo yeemvakalelo, iinkolelo kunye nokuziphatha kwizinto ezithile, umntu, into okanye umcimbi. Isimo sengqondo sisoloko sisiphumo samava okanye ukukhuliswa, kwaye banokuba nefuthe elinamandla phezu kokuziphatha. Nangona iingcinga zihlala zihlala, zinokutshintsha.
Ukuqwalasela ngokujonge izimo zengqondo
Yintoni ocinga ngayo kwisigwebo sokufa?
Liliphi iqela lezopolitiko elenza umsebenzi olungcono wokusebenza kwelizwe? Ngaba umthandazo kufuneka uvunyelwe ezikolweni? Ngaba ubundlobongela kumabonwakude bulawulwa?
Amathuba kukuba mhlawumbi unemibono enamandla kakhulu kule mibuzo kunye nemibuzo efanayo. Uye waba nesimo sengqondo malunga nemiba enjalo, kwaye ezi mpawu zichaphazela zakho iinkolelo kunye nokuziphatha kwakho. Izimo zengqondo zibaluleke kakhulu ekufundeni kwimiba yezengqondo zentlalo . Kodwa yintoni kanye isimo sengqondo? Ukhula njani?
Iingcali Zeengqondo Zichaza Njani Isimo Sengqondo?
Iingcali zengqondo zichaza izimo zengqondo njengezakhono zokufunda ukuhlola izinto ngendlela ethile. Oku kungaquka ukuhlolwa kwabantu, imiba, izinto, okanye imicimbi. Ukuvavanya okunjalo kudla okanye kukubi, kodwa banokuqiniseka ngamanye amaxesha. Ngokomzekelo, unokuba udibene nomntu othile okanye ukhupha.
Abaphandi bacetyisa ukuba kukho iinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezenza izimo zengqondo.
Iziganeko zengqondo zibizwa ngezinye iinkcukacha njengeCAB okanye i-ABC yesimo sengqondo.
- Icandelo leCognitive: zakho iingcinga kunye neenkolelo malunga nesihloko.
- Icandelo elichaphazelekayo: indlela into, umntu, umcimbi okanye umcimbi kukukwenza uzive.
- Icandelo lokuziphatha: indlela isimo sengqondo esibangela ngayo ukuziphatha kwakho.
Isimo sengqondo sinokucaca nangokucacileyo.
Imbonakalo ecacileyo yilezo esiziqonda ngokucacileyo kwaye ezichaphazela ngokucacileyo ukuziphatha kwethu neenkolelo. Iingcamango ezingenanto ziyazi kodwa zinefuthe kwienkolelo zethu nakwizinto eziziphatha ngayo.
Kukho inani lezinto ezinokuchaphazela njani kwaye kutheni ukuba izimo zengqondo zifake.
Amava
Izimo zengqondo ziba ngqo ngokubangelwa ngamava. Basenokuvela ngenxa yokuba baxhamle amava abo, okanye bangabangela ukubonwa.
Izinto zeNtlalo
Iimbopheleleko zentlalo kunye nemigangatho yoluntu inokuchaphazela kakhulu isimo sengqondo. Iindima zentlalo zihambelana nendlela abantu kulindeleke ukuba baziphathe ngayo indima ethile okanye imeko. Iimimiselo zentlalo zibandakanya imimiselo yoluntu yezinto eziphathekayo ezinokuthi zifanelekileyo.
Kufunda
Isimo sengqondo singafundwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Cinga indlela abathengisi basebenzise ngayo imeko yeklasi ukuchaphazela isimo sengqondo malunga nemveliso ethile. Kwivenkilesi yezorhwebo, ubona abantu abancinci, abalungileyo behleka ekulobeni lolwandle xa befumana isiselo sezemidlalo. Umfanekiso okhangayo kwaye ukhangelayo ubangela ukuba uhlakulele ubudlelwane obuhle nale niselo.
Isimo sokusebenza singasetyenziselwa ukuchaphazela indlela ukujonga ngayo. Khawucinge ngomfana osemtsha oqale ukutshaya.
Nanini na xa ukhanyisa i-cigarette, abantu bayakhalaza, bamjezise, bamcele ukuba ashiye indawo. Impendulo engalunganga kulabo abasondezayo ekugqibeleni ibangela ukuba ahlakulele umbono ongathandekiyo wokutshaya kwaye ugqibe ukuyeka umkhwa.
Ekugqibeleni, abantu bafunda izimo zengqondo ngokujonga abantu ababajikelezile . Xa umntu omncoma kakhulu ehlala enesimo sengqondo esithile, unakho ukuhlakulela iinkolelo ezifanayo. Umzekelo, abantwana bayichitha ixesha elide bejonga iimpawu zabazali babo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo baqala ukubonisa iimbonakalo ezifanayo.
Zijonga njani iimpembelelo zokuziphatha?
Sivame ukucinga ukuba abantu baziphathe ngokubhekiselele kwisimo sabo sengqondo.
Nangona kunjalo, izazi zengqondo zentlalo ziye zafumanisa ukuba izimo zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha kwangempela azihlali zilungelelaniswa ngokuthe rhoqo. Emva kwakho konke, abantu abaninzi bancedisa umviwa othile okanye iqela lezopolitiko kwaye kodwa akakwazi ukuphuma nokuvota.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukujonga amandla
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba abantu banokukwazi ukuziphatha ngokwemiqathango yabo kwiimeko ezithile:
- Xa isimo sakho sengqondo sisiphumo samava akho.
- Xa uyingcali yecandelo.
- Xa ulindele isiphumo esihle.
- Xa izimo zengqondo zibonakaliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
- Xa umela ukuphumelela okanye ukulahlekelwa into ngenxa yomcimbi.
Izimo zengqondo ziyakwazi ukutshintsha ukuziphatha okufanayo
Kwezinye iimeko, abantu banokutshintsha ingqondo yabo ukuze bahambisane nokuziphatha kwabo. Ukuxilongwa kwengqondo kuyingxaki apho umntu afumana ubunzima beengqondo ngenxa yeengcamango okanye iinkolelo eziphikisanayo. Ukuze kuncitshiswe le ngxaki, abantu banokutshintsha isimo sabo sengqondo ukubonakalisa ezinye iinkolelo okanye iimpawu zokuziphatha.
Umzekelo Wokutshintsha Isimo Sengqondo Ngenxa Yokwenza I-Dissonance Engqondweni
Khawucinge ngolu hlobo: Uhlala ubeka ixabiso eliphezulu kwizokhuseleko zezezimali, kodwa uqala ukutshata nomntu ongenamali kakhulu. Ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo olubangelwa iinkolelo nezenzo zokuphikisana, unokhetho oluninzi.
Unokuphelisa ulwalamano kwaye ufune iqabane elikhuselekileyo ngokwezimali, okanye unokugxininisa ukubaluleka kwezezimali. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuxhatshazwa phakathi kwesimo sengqondo sakho nokuziphatha, kufuneka uguqule isimo sengqondo okanye utshintshe izenzo zakho.
Isimo senguquko
Nangona iikhono zingaba nefuthe elinamandla ekuziphatheni, azifaki kwiitye. Iimpembelelo ezifanayo ezikhokelela kwisimo sengqondo nazo zinokuguqula isimo sengqondo.
- Intsholongwane yokuFunda yokuTshintsha isimo: Iimeko zesigcawu, imimiselo yokusebenza kunye nokufunda okubalulekileyo kunokusetyenziswa ukutshintsha isimo sengqondo. Iimeko zokudala zingasetyenziselwa ukudala impendulo emihle kumntu, umntu, okanye isiganeko ngokudibanisa iimvakalelo ezintle kunye nenjongo ekujoliswe kuyo. Isimo sokusebenza singasetyenziselwa ukuqinisa isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo kwaye sinciphise abangathandekiyo. Abantu banokuguqula izimo zabo zengqondo emva kokuqwalasela ukuziphatha kwabanye.
- Ukuqulunqwa kwamathuba okuba nombono wokuguquguquka kwesimo sengqondo: Le ngcamango yokukholisa ibonisa ukuba abantu banokuguqula isimo sengqondo ngeendlela ezimbini. Okokuqala, banokukhuthazwa ukuphulaphula nokucinga ngomyalezo, oko kukukhokelela ekutshintsheni isimo sengqondo. Okanye, banokutshintshwa ziziganeko zesithethi, ezikhokelela ekutshintsheni kwexeshana okanye kwi-attitude. Imiyalezo ecatshangelwa ingcamango kwaye isibheno kwisigqibo sinoko sikwazi ukukhokelela ekutshintshweni ngonaphakade kwisimo sengqondo.
- I-Dissonance Theory of Attitude Change: Njengoko kushiwo ngaphambili, abantu banokuguqula isimo sengqondo zabo xa benenkolelo enxamnye nesihloko. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuxhatshazwa okwenziwe yienkolelo ezingahambelaniyo, abantu bahlala beshintsha isimo sabo sengqondo.
> Imithombo:
> Chaiklin H. Iingcinga, ukuziphatha, kunye neNtlalo. Umbhalo woLuntu kunye neNtlalontle yoluntu. 2011.
> Iphepha leThiphu lokufundisa: Isimo sengqondo kunye neenguqu zokuziphatha. Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMelika. http://www.apa.org/pi/aids/resources/education/attitude-change.aspx