Inkqubo, iintlobo, izixhobo, ukusebenzisa kunye nokusebenza
Ulwaphulo lwezobuchule (CBT) luhlobo lonyango lwe-psychotherapeutic olunceda izigulana ziqonde iingcamango neemvakalelo ezichaphazela ukuziphatha. I-CBT isetyenziselwa ukuphatha ezininzi iintlobo zokuphazamiseka, kuquka i- phobias , izilingo, ukuxinezeleka kunye nokuxhalabisa.
Inkqubo yokunyanga kwengqondo ngokuqhelekileyo yinkqubo yesikhashana kwaye ijolise ekuncedeni abathengi ukuba baphathe ingxaki ethile.
Ngexesha lokunyanga, abantu bafunda indlela yokuchonga nokutshintsha iipatheni zokucinga eziphazamisayo okanye eziphazamisayo ezinempembelelo embi ekuziphatheni nasekuziphatheni.
Isiseko soPhando lweZenzo zoLwazi
Ingcamango engundoqo ye-CBT kukuba iingcamango neemvakalelo zethu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuziphatheni kwethu. Umzekelo, umntu ochitha ixesha elide ecinga ngokuphazamiseka kwendiza, izingozi ze-runway kunye nezinye iintlekele zomoya zingakufumana ukuphepha ukuhamba komoya.
Injongo yonyango yokuziphatha kwengqondo ukufundisa izigulane ngelixa zingenakukwazi ukulawula zonke iinkalo zehlabathi ezibajikelezile, ziyakwazi ukulawula indlela esichaza ngayo kunye nokujongana nezinto ezikuyo.
Ukunyanga kweendlela zokuziphatha kwengqondo kuye kwandiswa kakhulu kwiminyaka yamuva kunye nabathengi bempilo yengqondo kunye nabaqeqeshi bonyango. Ngenxa yokuba i-CBT idla ngokukhethwa kwexesha elifutshane, ihlala ifikeleleka ngakumbi kunezinye iintlobo zonyango .
I-CBT ikwaxhaswa ngemigaqo kwaye iboniswe ngokufanelekileyo ukunceda izigulane zinqobe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha okubi.
Iingcamango ezingekho phantsi kweNkqubo
Enye yeyona nto igxininisekile yonyango-yokuziphatha yindlela yokuguqula iingcamango ezingekho phantsi kokuzenzekelayo ezinokuba negalelo kunye nokunyusa ubunzima beemvakalelo, ukuxinezeleka kunye nokuxhalabisa.
Ezi ngcamango ezimbi zivela ngokukhawuleza, ziyamkeleka njengeyinyaniso, kwaye zivame ukuchaphazela kakubi isimo sengqondo somntu.
Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-CBT, izigulane zihlola ezi ngcamango kwaye zikhuthazwa ukuba zibuke ubungqina obuvela kwinyani ukuba zixhasa okanye ziphikisa ezi ngcamango. Ngokwenza oku, abantu bayakwazi ukuthatha injongo engakumbi kwaye bajonge ngcamango iingcamango ezibangela ukuvakalelwa kunye nokuxinezeleka. Xa bebona iingcamango ezingenakwenzeka kwaye ezingenangqiqo ezidambisa iimvakalelo zabo neemvakalelo zabo, abantu bayakwazi ukuqala ukubandakanya iindlela zokucinga eziphilileyo.
Iintlobo zoLwazi lweZenzo zoLwazi
Ngokutsho kweBritish Association of Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapies, "i-psychotherapies engqondweni kunye neyokuziphatha yimiba yeendlela zokwelapha ezisekelwe kwiingcamango nemigangatho ephuma kwimilinganiselo yengqondo yomntu kunye nokuziphatha kwayo. Ziquka iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyangwa kweengxaki zengqondo, kunye ukuqhubela phambili kwi- psychotherapy ngamnye eyakhekileyo ukuzinceda izinto eziphathekayo. "
Kukho iinkalo ezithile zeendlela zokwelapha ezibandakanya ii-CBT ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ngabaqeqeshi bempilo yengqondo. Imizekelo yalezi ziquka:
- I-Rational Emotive Treatment Treatment (REBT): Olu hlobo lwe-CBT lujolise ekuboneni nasekutshintsheni iinkolelo ezingenangqondo. Inkqubo ye-REBT ibandakanya ukuchonga iinkolelo ezingenangqiqo, zicelomngeni ezi zinkolelo, kwaye ekugqibeleni zifunde ukuqonda nokutshintsha iipateni zokucinga.
- Ulwaphulo lweCognitive: Eli hlobo lonyango lujolise ekuboneni nasekutshintsheni iipatheni zokucinga ezingalunganga okanye eziphosakeleyo, iimpendulo zemizwelo kunye nokuziphatha.
- Ulwaphulo lwe-Multimodal: Le fom ye-CBT ibonisa ukuba imiba yengqondo kufuneka iphathwe ngokujongana neendlela eziyisixhenxe ezahlukileyo kodwa ezidibeneyo, eziziphetheyo, ezichaphazelayo, ukuvakalelwa, imifanekiso, ukuqonda, izinto ezibandakanyekayo kunye nokuqwalasela izidakamizwa / eziphilayo.
- Ulwaphulo lokuziphatha ngokuziphathekayo : Olu hlobo lonyango lwezengqondo-zengqondo lucwangcisa iipatheni zokucinga kunye nokuziphatha kwaye zibandakanya izicwangciso ezifana nokulawulwa kwemimoya kunye nokuqonda.
Nangona uhlobo olulunye lwe-cognitive-behavioral treatment lunikeza indlela yalo ekhethekileyo, amaziko ngamnye ekujonganeni neengcamango zengcamango ezisisiseko ezithintela kwingcinezelo yengqondo.
Iimpawu zoLwazi lweZenzo zoLwazi
Abantu bahlala becinga iingcamango okanye iimvakalelo ezomeleza okanye zenza iinkolelo eziphosakeleyo. Iinkolelo ezinjalo zingabangela iingxaki ezinobungozi ezinokuchaphazela indawo ezininzi zobomi, kuquka intsapho, ubudlelwane obusondelene, umsebenzi kunye nabafundi.
Ngokomzekelo, umntu obhekene nokuzithoba angase abe neengcinga ezimbi malunga nobuchule bakhe okanye ukubukeka kwakhe. Njengomphumo wale patheni yokucinga engalunganga, umntu unokuqala ukuphepha iimeko zentlalo okanye ukuphucula amathuba okuqhubela phambili emsebenzini okanye esikolweni.
Ukuze kulungiswe le ngcamango neempembelelo ezibhubhisayo, uchwephetha-yokuziphatha kwengqondo uqala ngokunceda umxhasi ukuba achaze iinkolelo ezinengxaki. Le nqanaba, eyaziwa ngokuthi uhlalutyo olusebenzayo, kubalulekile ekufundeni indlela iingcamango, iimvakalelo kunye neemeko ezinokubangela ngayo ukuziphatha kakubi. Inkqubo ingaba nzima, ingakumbi kwizigulana ezilwa nomlingo, kodwa ekugqibeleni zikhokelela ekufumaneni ukuzifumanisa kunye nokuqonda okuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwenza unyango.
Inxalenye yesibini yonyango yokuziphatha kwengqondo ijolise kwizinto eziziphetheyo ezibangela ingxaki. Umxhasi uqala ukufunda nokusebenzisa izakhono ezintsha ezinokuthi zibekwe kwiimeko zehlabathi zangempela. Ngokomzekelo, umntu ojongene nokuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi angase aqalise ukusebenzisa izakhono ezintsha zokulwa kunye nokuhlaziya iindlela zokuphepha okanye ukujongana neemeko zoluntu ezinokubangela ukuba kubuyiselwe kwakhona.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-CBT yinkqubo encinane eyenza umntu athathe amanyathelo angakumbi kwiinguqu zokuziphatha . Umntu onenkxalabo yentlalo unokuqala ngokuzicingela ngokwakhe kwiimeko ezixhalabisa abantu.
Okulandelayo, umthengi angase aqalise ukuxoxisana nabahlobo, intsapho kunye nabaziwayo. Ngokusebenza ngokuthe ngcembe kwinjongo enkulu, le nkqubo ibonakala ingenakunzima kwaye iinjongo zilula ukufezekisa.
Inkqubo yoLwazi lweZenzo zoLwazi
- Ngethuba le-CBT inkqubo, umphathiswa uthatha ukuthatha indima enkulu.
- I-CBT ijolise kakhulu kwiinjongo kwaye igxininise, kwaye umxhasi kunye nompilisi basebenza ngokubambisana njengabambisene neenjongo ezisemgangathweni.
- Umgqirha uya kuthi uchaze inkqubo ngenkqubo kwaye umxhasi uya kunikwa umsebenzi wesikolo ukugqiba phakathi kweeseshoni.
- Ulwaphulo lwe-cognitive-behavior lusetyenziswe ngempumelelo njengonyango lwexesha elifutshane olujoliswe ekuncedeni umthengi ukujongana nengxaki ethile.
Ukusetyenziswa kweNyango yeCandelo loBomi
Ukunyanga kweendlela zokuziphatha kuyasetyenziswa ekuphatheni abantu abaneengxaki ezininzi, kuquka:
- Ukuxhalabisa
- Phobias
- Ukuxinezeleka
- Izilwanyana
- Izidlo zokutya
- Ukuhlaselwa ngumsindo
- Intukuthelo
I-CBT yenye yeendlela ezininzi zophando, inxalenye yokuba unyango lujoliswe kwiinjongo ezicacileyo kunye neziphumo zinokulinganiswa ngokulula.
Xa kuthelekiswa neengqondo ze-psychoanalytic zengqondo ye-psychotherapy ezikhuthaza ukuhlola ngokuzenzekelayo okuvulekileyo, unyango lweendlela zokuziphatha lugxininisa kakhulu kubaxhasi abakhululekile kakhulu ngendlela ehleliweyo kunye nejoliswe ngayo apho uphethwe ngumbambelele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-CBT iphumelele, umntu kufuneka alungele kwaye uzimisele ukuchitha ixesha kunye nokuzama ukuhlaziya iingcamango zakhe neemvakalelo zakhe. Ukuhlalutya okunjalo kunye nomsebenzi wesikolo kunzima, kodwa kuyindlela enhle yokufunda ngokubanzi malunga nendlela amazwe angaphakathi achaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha kwangaphandle.
Ulwaphulo lokuziphatha olunokwenkcazo lufanelekile kubantu abafuna ukhetho lwexesha elifutshane lweentlobo ezithile zengcinezelo yengqondo engabandakanyeki imithi yengqondo ye-psychotropic . Enye yeenzuzo eziphezulu kakhulu zonyango-yokuziphatha ngonyango kukuba incedisa abathengi ukuphucula izakhono zokuxhatshaza ezinokuba luncedo ngoku kunye nakwixesha elizayo.
Iingcamango zoLwazi lweZenzo zoLwazi
Ekuqaleni, ezinye izigulane zibonisa ukuba ngelixa ziqonda ukuba iingcamango ezithile aziqondi kakuhle okanye ziphilile, ngokuziqonda nje ezi ngcamango azenze kube lula ukuziguqula. I-CBT ayinakuthi igxininise kwiimeko ezingenakukwazi ukuchasana nokungenazi ezinye iindlela ezifana neengqondo ze-psychoanalytic .
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-CBT ayifaki nje ukubandakanya ezi ndlela zokucinga; Ijolise ekusebenziseni ubuchule obubanzi bokuncedisa abaxhasi ukuba banqobe ezi ngcamango. Ezi zixhobo zingabandakanya ukupapashwa, ukudlala indima, iindlela zokuphucula, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
ILizwi
Ukunyangwa kwengxaki yokuziphatha kwengqondo kungabangela ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwenyango malunga neengxaki zeengqondo. Ukuba unomuva wokuba unokuzuza kule fayili yonyango, qhagamshelana nodokotela wakho kwaye ujonge i-directory yeengcali eziqinisekisiweyo zinikezelwa nguMbutho kaZwelonke we-Psyitive-Behavioral Therapists ukufumana ingcali kwindawo yakho.
> Imithombo
> Beck, JS Unyango lokuziphatha ngobunono: Izinto ezisisiseko kunye nangaphezulu. ENew York, NY: I-Press Guilford; 2011.
> Coull, G & Morris, PG. Ukusebenza kweklinikhi ye-CBT-based based self-help intervention for the anxiety and depression disorders: uhlolo oluhlelekile. Iingcali zengqondo. 2011; 41 (11): 2239-2252.