UCarl Rogers wayengumqondo wezengqondo waseMelika owaziwa ngeendlela zakhe zengqondo ezithintekayo. URogers wayengomnye wemilinganiselo yokusekwa kweengqondo ezithandwa ngabantu kunye nokuthathwa njengomnye wabalingani abavelele kwizengqondo. Kwesinye uphando lweengcali zeengqondo, uRogers ubhekwa njengesihlandlo sesithandathu sengqondo esiphezulu seengqondo ze-20.
I mpu melelo
- UCarl Rogers uyaziwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngeendlela zakhe zokungacwangcisi unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi- client-centered treatment
- Ingcamango yakhe yokutyekela
- Ukuphuhlisa ingcamango yomntu osebenza ngokupheleleyo
- Ingcamango yakhe yokungabikho komgangatho obunemeko kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwintsebenziswano yokwelapha
Ukuzalwa nokufa
- Wazalwa ngoJanuwari 8, 1902
- Wafa ngoFebruwari 4, 1987
Obomi bakwangoko
UKarl Ransom Rogers wazalwa ngo-1902 e-Oak Park, e-Illinois. URogers wayengowesine kweyabantwana abathandathu abazalwa ngabazali bakhe, unjiniyela onobumba kunye nomfazi wendlu. URogers wayengumntu ophezulu esikolweni ukususela esemncinci. Wayesele efunde ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-5, ngoko ke wakwazi ukunqumla i-nursergart kunye nebanga lokuqala ukuba angene esikolweni kwinqanaba lesibili.
Xa wayeneminyaka engama-12, intsapho yafudukela kwidolophu yasemaphandleni. Wabhalisa kwiYunivesithi yaseWisconsin ngowe-1919 njengenkunzi yezolimo kodwa kamva waguqula kwinkolo kunye nezicwangciso zokuba ngumlungiseleli.
Kwakungokutyelela iqela lesikolo ukuya eBeijing kunye nokugula okubangela ukuba aqalise ukucinga kwakhona ngezi cwangciso. Emva kokuya kwinkomfa yamaKristu yase-China, ngo-1922, uRogers waqala ukungazibuza ngokukhetha kwakhe umsebenzi. Waphumelela kwiYunivesithi yaseWisconsin ngo-1924 nge-degree ye-bachelor kwiMbali kwaye wabhalisa kwi-Union Theological Seminary ngaphambi kokudluliselwa kwi-Teachers College yase-Columbia University ngo-1926 ukugqiba i-degree of master.
Ingxenye yesizathu sokuba akhethe ukushiya ukuphishekela i-telojiji kunye nokutshintshela ekufundweni kwengqondo yinto efunyenwe e-Columbia University efundiswe ngu-Psychologist u- Leta uStetter Hollingworth . URogers wagqiba ekubeni abhalise kwiprogram yengqondo yekliniki e-Columbia. Wagqiba ugqirha wakhe e-Columbia ngo-1931.
Umsebenzi
Emva kokufumana i-Ph.D., uRogers wachitha iminyaka emininzi esebenza kwiziko lezemfundo, ephethe isikhundla kwiYunivesithi yase-Ohio State, kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago, naseYunivesithi yaseWisconsin. Kwakulo xesha xesha uRogers wavelisa indlela yakhe yokwelapha, okokuqala ekuthiwa "unyango olungabalulekanga." Le ndlela, ebandakanya umphathiswa osebenza njengomcebisi kunokuba ngumlawuli weeseshoni zonyango, ekugqibeleni waziwa ngokuba yonyango olujoliswe ngabaxhasi.
Ngowe-1946, uRogers wakhethwa nguMongameli we-American Psychological Association. URogers wabhala iincwadi ezili-19 kunye namanqaku amaninzi echaza ingcamango yakhe yobuntu. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu yi- Client-Centered Therapy (1951), ekubeni ngumntu (1961), kunye neNdlela yoLuntu (1980).
Emva kweengxabano kwiSebe leYunivesithi yaseWisconsin, uRogers wamkela isikhundla kwi-Western Behavioral Studies Institute (WBSI) eLa Jolla, eCalifornia.
Ekugqibeleni, yena kunye nabalingane bakhe abaninzi bayeka i-WBSI ukwenza iZiko leZifundo zoMntu (CSP).
Ngowe-1987, uRogers wakhethwa kwiNobel Peace Prize. Waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe nonyango olujoliswe kumakhasimende kude kube sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1987.
Iingcamango
Ukuzibuyisela
URogers wayekholelwa ukuba bonke abantu banayo kwaye banesidingo sokukhula kunye nokufezekisa amandla abo. Le mfuneko yokufezekisa ukuzenzekelayo , wayekholelwa, yayiyinye yezizathu eziphambili zokuqhuba ukuziphatha.
Ngemiqathango enemiqathango
Ukuze i-psychotherapy ibe yimpumelelo, uRogers wacebisa ukuba bekuyimfuneko ukuba ugqirha ukubonelela ngokufanelekileyo ngokungabikho komqathango kumxhasi.
Oku kuthetha ukunikela ngenkxaso kunye nokungabikho komgwebo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umxhasi uziva njani, ngaba, okanye amava. Umgqirha uyamkela umxhasi njengabo kwaye awamvumela ukuba abonise iimvakalelo ezintle nezimbi ngaphandle kokugweba okanye ukuhlambalaza.
Ukuphuhliswa koBuqu
URogers wayekholelwa ukuba ukwakheka kwengqondo ephilileyo kuyindlela eqhubekayo eyenziwe ngamava obomi bomntu. Abantu abanesimo esizimeleyo sokuzithemba bavame ukuzithemba ngakumbi kwaye bajongane ngokuthe ngempumelelo nemingeni yobomi.
URogers wacetyisa ukuba i- self-concept iqala ukuhlakulela ebuntwaneni kwaye inempembelelo enkulu kubazali. Abazali abanikezela abantwana babo uthando olungenanto kunye nokubhekiselele kunokwenzeka ukuba bakhuthaze ukucinga ngokwabo. Abantwana abavakalelwa kukuba kufuneka "bazuze" abazali babo bathande banokuphelisa ukuzithoba kwabo kunye neemvakalelo zokungafaneleki.
Ukuhlangana
URogers uphakamisa ukuba abantu bathambekele ekubeni nomqondo "wabo wokuzimela." Ingxaki kukuba umfanekiselo wethu ocinga ukuba sifanele sibe yiyiphi into ehlala ehambelana nemibono yethu yokuba ngubani namhlanje. Xa ukuzithiba kwethu kungagxininisi nokuzimela kwethu, sisesimweni sokungahambisani nento. Ngokufumana izinto ezintle ezingenammiselo kwaye ngokulandela ukuthambekela okuqhubekayo, kunjalo, abantu banokuza kufutshane nokufikelela kwimeko yentlangano.
Umntu osebenza ngokupheleleyo
URogers ucebise ukuba abantu abazama ukuqhubeka befezekisa ukunyamekela kwabo bangaba yiloo nto abhekisela kuyo ngokusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Umntu osebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngumntu onomphefumlo opheleleyo kwaye ehlala ngexesha. Njengeminye imiba yeengcamango zakhe, ukuziphatha okungahambelani kwemimandla kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Abo bafumana inkxaso engekho yonyango kunye nothando bangahlakulela ukuzithemba nokuzithemba ukuba ngumntu ongcono kunye nokuba baphile ngokusemandleni abo.
Ezinye zeempawu eziphambili zomntu osebenza ngokugcwele ziquka:
- Ukuvula ukuva
- Iingcamango zokuzimela
- Ukujonga ngokungahambisani naso
- Ubuchule bokuphila ngokuvisisana nabanye.
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
Ngenxa yokugxininisa kwizinto ezibonakalayo, uCarl Rogers wayenempembelelo enkulu kwizengqondo kunye nemfundo. Ngaphandle koko, uninzi uthathwa njengengomnye weengcali zengqondo ze-20 zenkulungwane. Ezinye iiprogram zikhankanya uRogers njengempembelelo yawo eyintloko kunazo zonke ezinye izazi zengqondo.
Njengoko kuchazwa intombi yakhe uNatalie Rogers, "wayengumzekelo wokwenza imfesane kunye neengcinga zentando yeninzi ebomini bakhe, kunye nomsebenzi wakhe njengomfundisi, umbhali kunye nomgulana."
Ngamazwi akhe
"Amava kukuba, kum, igunya lam phezulu. , ukufumana ukulingana okuthe ngqo kwinyaniso njengoko kusebenza kum. " -Carl Rogers, ekubeni ngumntu
Fumana amagama amaninzi obulumko kule ngqokelela yeCar Rogers .
Imisebenzi ekhethiweyo nguCarl Rogers:
URogers, C. (1951) Ulwaphulo oluxhaswa ngabathengi: Ukusebenza kwalo kwangoku, iimpembelelo kunye nenkolelo. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
URogers, C. (1961) Ngokuba ngumntu: Umbono weTherapist ye-Psychotherapy Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
URogers, C. (1980) Indlela yokuba. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Iimbali zeCarl Rogers:
Cohen, D. (1997) uCarl Rogers. I biography ebalulekileyo. ELondon: uConstable.
Thorne, B. (1992) uCarl Rogers. London: Sage.
> Imithombo:
> Lawson, R, Graham, J, & Baker, K. Imbali ye-Psychology Ihlabathi, Iingcamango, kunye nezicelo. ENew York: uRoutledge; 2016.
> Thorne, B & Sanders, uP. Carl Rogers. Los Angeles: I-Sage Publications; 2013.