Ukujonga ngokuthe kratya kwipilisi ejoliswe ngumntu kaCarl Rogers
Ulwaphulo olujoliswe kumxhasi, nolwaziwa njengonyango olusisiseko somntu, luhlobo olusilungiswanga lonyango lwentetho oluye lwaphuhliswa yingcali yeengqondo zikaCarl Rogers ngexesha le-1940 neye-1950. Funda ngokubanzi malunga nendlela le nkqubo yaphuhliswa ngayo kunye nendlela uphathwe ngayo olusekelwe kwiklayenti.
Imbali
UCarl Rogers uyabonwa njengenye yeengcali zengqondo zengqondo yekhulu lama-20 .
Wayeyindoda yokucinga kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba abantu bahle kakhulu. URogers uphakamise ukuba abantu banamathenda, okanye umnqweno wokuzalisekisa amandla abo kwaye babe ngabantu abangcono kakhulu.
URogers ekuqaleni waqala ukubiza ubuchule bakhe bokunyanga. Ngoxa iinjongo zakhe kwakukungahambi njengomyalelo, ngokugqibeleni wagqiba ukuba abaphengululi bakhokela abathengi ngeendlela ezifihlakeleyo. Kwakhona wafumanisa ukuba abathengi bahlala bekhangelelwa kwiingcali zabo malunga nohlobo oluthile lokhokelo okanye isikhokelo. Ekugqibeleni, le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba yonyango olujoliswe kubaxhasi okanye unyango olujoliswe ngumntu. Namhlanje, indlela kaRogers yokwenza unyango isoloko ibhekiswe kuyo ngamagama amabini, kodwa ikwaziwa rhoqo nje ngokuba unyango lwe-Rogerian.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uRogers wayenomdla ekusebenziseni lakhe iklayenti ngaphandle kwesigulane . Wayekholelwa ukuba isigulane isigama sichaza ukuba umntu wayegula kwaye ufuna unyango kumgqirha.
Ngokusebenzisa ixesha lomxhasi, uRogers wagxininisa ukubaluleka komntu ekufuneni uncedo, ukulawula i-destiny yabo, nokulwa nobunzima babo. Olu lathiso lukhokela indima ebalulekileyo yonyango olujoliswe kumakhasimende.
Njengomdlavuza wengqondo uSigmund Freud , uRogers wayekholelwa ukuba ulwalamano lwamayeza lungakhokelela ekuqondeni nasekutshintsheni okuhlala kubaxhasi.
Ngoxa uFrud egxininise ekunikeni ukuchazwa kwezinto awayekholelwa ukuba zingqubuzana nezingxaki ezingazange zenzeke, uRogers wayekholelwa ukuba umphathiswa kufuneka ahlale engekho myalelo. Oko kukuthi, umphathiswa akufanele aqondise umxhasi, akafanele adlulise izigwebo kwiimvakalelo zabaxhasi, kwaye akafanele anike iziphakamiso okanye izisombululo. Kunoko, umxhasi kufuneka abe ngumlingani olinganayo kwinkqubo yokwelapha.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani?
Iingcali zempilo yengqondo ezisebenzise le ndlela zizama ukudala indawo yokwelapha ehambelanayo, engekho isigwebo kunye novelwano . Ezi zimbini zezinto eziphambili zonyango olujoliswe kumakhasimende kukuba:
- Awukho umyalelo. Iingcali zivumela abathengi ukuba bakhokele ingxoxo kwaye ungazami ukuhamba nomxhasi ngendlela ethile.
- Ugxininisa indlela enemibandela engqinelanayo . Iingcali zibonisa ukuwamkela ngokupheleleyo kunye nenkxaso kubaxumi babo ngaphandle kokubeka isigwebo.
Ngokutsho kukaCarl Rogers, ugqirha ojongene nabaxhasi ufuna iimpawu ezintathu eziphambili:
Ukunyaniseka
Udokotela kufuneka ahlanganyele ngokunyanisekileyo iimvakalelo zakhe. Ngokumisela oku kuziphatha, uphando lunokukunceda ukufundisa umxhasi ukuba aphuhlise olu buchule obalulekileyo.
Ngemiqathango enemiqathango
Umgqirha kufuneka amkele umxhasi ukuba ngubani na kwaye abonise inkxaso kunye nenkathalo kungakhathaliseki ukuba umthengi ukhangele okanye ujonge.
URogers wayekholelwa ukuba abantu bahlala behlakulela iingxaki kuba baqhele ukufumana inkxaso kuphela; ukwamkelwa okunikezelwa kuphela xa umntu ehambelana nokulindela okuthile. Ngokudala isimo sengqondo esingenanto esingenammiselo, umxhasi uyakwazi ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zakhe zokwenyani ngaphandle kokwesaba ukukhishwa.
URogers wachaza:
Ukubhekiseleleka ngokuthe ngqo kwimiqathango kuthetha ukuba xa ugqirha ufumana isimo sengqondo esilungileyo, esamkelekileyo malunga nokuba yintoni umthengi akwiyo mzuzwana, ukunyakaza okanye ukuguquka kunokwenzeka. umzuzu - ukudideka, intukuthelo, ukwesaba, umsindo, inkalipho, uthando, okanye ukuqhosha ... Uthandabuzi uyawubhasoza umthengi ngokupheleleyo kunokuba unemiqathango. "
Ukuqonda Ngesihawu
I-therapist kufuneka ibonakalise, isebenze njengesilindi semvakalelo yomxhasi kunye neengcinga. Injongo yale nto kukuvumela umxhasi ukuba aqonde ngokucacileyo iingcamango zabo zangaphakathi, iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo.
Ngokubonakalisa ezi ziimpawu ezintathu, abaphili beengxaki banokunceda abaxhasi bakhule ngokwengqondo, baqonde ngakumbi kwaye batshintshe ukuziphatha kwabo ngokuzimela. Kulo hlobo lokusingqongileyo, umxhasi unomuzwa okhuselekileyo kwaye akhululekile kwisigwebo. URogers wayekholelwa ukuba olu hlobo lomoya luvumela abaxhasi ukuba bahlakulele imbono enempilo yehlabathi kunye nombono ongaphambuki.
Ukubaluleka kokuzimela
Iingcamango zodwa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwipilisi ejolise kumntu. URogers uchaza iinjongo zobuqu njengento ehleliweyo yeenkolelo kunye neengcamango malunga nokuzimela. Iingcamango zobuqu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni nje indlela abantu abazibona ngayo, kodwa nendlela abajonga ngayo kunye nokusebenzisana nehlabathi elibangqongileyo.
Ngamanye amaxesha iinjongo ezizimeleyo zihamba kakuhle kunye neyona nto, uRogers ekubhekiselele kuyo njenge-congruence. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuzibona ngezinye izinto ngezinye izinto kungenangqiqo okanye kungekhona kwizinto ezikhoyo kwihlabathi lenene. URogers wayekholelwa ukuba bonke abantu bayaphambukisa imfundiso ethile kwinqanaba elithile, kodwa xa ingcamango yokuziphatha ingqubuzana neyinyani, ukungabikho komzimba kungabangela. Ngokomzekelo, inkwenkwana inokuzibona njengomdlali onamandla, nangona ukuba ukusebenza kwakhe kwintsimi kubonisa ukuba akayena ochwephesha kwaye angasebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kongeziweyo.
Ngendlela yokwenza unyango olujoliswe ngumntu, uRogers wayekholelwa ukuba abantu banokufunda ukulungelelanisa ingcamango yabo ukuze bafeze i-congruence kunye nombono ongokoqobo kwabo kunye nehlabathi. Ngokomzekelo, cinga umfazi osemncinci ozijonga njengento engathandekiyo kunye nengxowankulu engxoxisana nxamnye nokuba abanye abantu bayamfumana ebangel 'umdla kwaye bebambe iqhaza. Ngenxa yokuba ukuziqonda kwakhe akuhambelani kunye neyinyaniso, unokufumana ukuzithemba okungekho nto. Indlela ejoliswe ngabathengi ijolise ekuboneleleni ngokufanelekileyo ngokungenammiselo, uvelwano, kunye nenkxaso yangempela ukwenzela ukuba uncede umxhasi afumane umbono ohambelana naye.
Indima kwiNkcubeko ethandwa
Ugqirha uBob Newhart ubonise umgqirha owasebenzisa unyango olujoliswe kumxhasi kwi- The Bob Newhart Show eyenziwe ngo-1972 ukuya ku-1978.
Usebenza Njani?
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zabonisa ukuba iimpawu ezintathu uRogers agxininisekisa, ukunyaniseka, ukuziphatha okungenammiselo, kunye nokuqonda ngenceba, konke kunenzuzo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthile lucebise ukuba ezi zinto zodwa azikho ngokwaneleyo ukukhuthaza utshintsho oluhlala kubaxhasi.
Olunye uphononongo olwakubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kwonyango olujoliswe ngumntu lucebise ukuba le ndlela iphumelele kubantu abajongene neengxaki zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokudandatheka kunye nokuxhalabisa, kwaye kunokubanceda abo bafumana iimvavanyo ezinzima.
Imithombo:
Cooper, M., Watson, JC, & Hoeldampf, D. (2010). Umsebenzi ojoliswe kumntu kunye nezobuchule usebenza: Ukuphononongwa kophando malunga nokucebisa, i-psychotherapy kunye nezenzo ezinxulumene nazo. Ross-on-Wye, UK: Iincwadi zePCCS.
Gibbard, I., & Hanley, T. (2008). Ukuhlolwa kweeminyaka emithandathu yokusebenza kweengcebiso ezijoliswe ngumntu ngokuqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yekliniki yokunyamekela. Uphando kunye noPhando lwe-Psychotherapy, 8 (4), 215-222.
URogers, C. (1951). Ingqondo yengqondo. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
URogers, C. (1977). UCarl Rogers ngamandla akhe: amandla angaphakathi kunye nefuthe layo lokuguqula. I-New York: I-Delacorte Press.
URogers, C. (1980). Indlela yokuba. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
Sachse, R., & Elliott, R. (2002). Uphando-uphando olwenziwe kwinkqubo malunga nokuchithwa koluntu. KuDavid J. Cain & Jules Seeman (Eds.). I-psychotherapies ye-Humanistic: Incwadi yophando kunye nokusebenza. IWashington, DC: uMbutho wezeNgqondo waseMerika.