Ukujongwa ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela abantu bafunda ngayo ngokuqwalasela
Ukufunda yinkqubo enzima kakhulu echaphazela izinto ezahlukeneyo. Njengoko uninzi lwabazali banokwazi kakuhle, ukubonwa kungadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqaliseni indlela kwaye abantwana bafunda ngayo. Njengoko ilizwi lihamba, abantwana bafana neziponti, baxhamla amava abo banamhlanje.
Ngenxa yokuba ukufunda kuyinkimbinkimbi, kukho iingcamango ezininzi zeengqondo ukuchaza indlela kwaye kutheni abantu befunda.
Ingcali yeengqondo egama linguAlbert Bandura icebise inzululwazi yokufunda intlalo ebonisa ukuba ukubonwa, ukulingisa kunye nokwenza imodeli kudlala indima ephambili kule nkqubo. Inkolelo yeButura idibanisa izinto ezivela kwiingcamango zokuziphatha , ezibonisa ukuba zonke iimpawu zifundwa ngokuzimelela, kunye neengcamango zengqondo, ezithatha ingqalelo kwimiqondo yengqondo njengefuthe kunye nememori .
I-Theory Learning Learning Theory isebenza njani?
Ngethuba lesibini sokuqala le-20 leminyaka, isikolo sokuziphatha sengqondo sasiba namandla. Abaziphetheyo bacetyisa ukuba yonke imfundo yayibangelwa ngamava ngqo ngqo kwimeko yokusebenza kunye nokuqiniswa. Nangona inkolelo yeButura iphinde iqale kwiingcamango ezinzulu zesifundo semveli yendabuko, wayekholelwa ukuba ukuqiniswa ngokuthe ngqo akukwazi ukuphendula zonke iintlobo zokufunda.
Ngokomzekelo, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala bahlala bebonisa ukufundelwa izinto abangenazo amava ngqo.
Nangona awuzange uqhube ibhola yebhola ebomini bakho, mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba wenzeni ukuba umntu ukunike i-bat kwaye wakuxelela ukuba uzame ukushaya ibhola. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubonile abanye benza lo msebenzi kumntu okanye kumabonwakude.
Nangona iingcamango zokuziphatha ziphakanyisiwe ukuba yonke imfundo yayiyimiphumo yemibutho eyenziwe ngumqathango, ukuqiniswa kunye nokuhlwaywa, i-Theory ye-social learning theory yicetywayo ukuba ukufunda kungaqhutyelwa kuphela ngokuqwalasela izenzo zabanye.
Ingcamango yakhe yongeze iqela lentlalo, ephikisana ukuba abantu banokufunda ulwazi olutsha kunye nokuziphatha ngokujonga abanye abantu. Eyaziwa ngokuba yinkalo yokufunda , lolu hlobo lokufunda lunokusetyenziswa ukuchaza iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha, kubandakanywa nalawo awakwazi ukulandelwa ngamanye amaqhinga okufunda.
Izinto Ezifanele Uzazi Ngayo Ngomxholo Wemfundo Yentlalo
Kukho iingqungquthela ezintathu eziphambili kwintliziyo yesifundo somphakathi. Okokuqala yimbono yokuba abantu bangafunda ngokubonwa. Oku kulandelayo ingcinga yokuba iingqondo zangaphakathi ziyingxenye ebalulekileyo yale nkqubo. Ekugqibeleni, le ngqungquthela iyaqaphela ukuba ngenxa yokuba into efunyenwe, akuthethi ukuba kuya kubangela ukutshintsha kokuziphatha.
"Ukufunda kuya kuba nzima kakhulu, kungabonakali ngengozi, ukuba abantu bafanele bathembele kuphela kwiziphumo zezenzo zabo ukuba baxelele ukuba benzani," uBurura wachaza kwincwadi yakhe ye- Social Learning Theory ka- 1977. Ngethamsanqa, ukuziphatha komntu kufundiswa ngokuqwalasela: ngokubheka abanye iifom ingcamango yendlela yokuziphatha emitsha eyenziwa ngayo, kwaye ngezihlandlo kamva le nkcazelo engumgaqo-nkqubo isebenza njengesikhokelo sokwenza. "
Makhe sihlolisise nganye yezi ngcamango ngokubanzi.
1. Abantu bangafunda ngokuqwalasela.
Ngenye yezilingo ezaziwa kakhulu kwiimbali zengqondo, i-Bandura ibonise ukuba abantwana bafunda baze baxelise iimpawu abazibonayo kwabanye abantu. Abantwana kwizifundo zikaButura babecala umntu omdala osebenza ngokugqithiseleyo kwiDobo doll.
Xa abantwana bevunyelwe ukuba badlale ekamelweni kunye neDobbo yaseBobo, baqala ukuxelisa izenzo ezinobungqina ababezibona ngaphambili.
I-Bandura ichonge ezintathu zeendlela zokufunda:
- Umzekelo ophilayo, obandakanya umntu obonakalisa okanye owenza ukuziphatha.
- Umzekelo wokufundisa ngomlomo, oquka iinkcazo kunye nenkcazo yokuziphatha.
- Umzekelo ongokomfanekiso, obandakanya abalingisi bamambala okanye abalinganiswayo abonisa ukuziphatha kwiincwadi, iifilimu, iinkqubo zethelevishini, okanye imidiya ye-intanethi.
Njengoko uyakubona, ukufunda okuqwalaselayo akudingeki ukuba ubukele omnye umntu enze umsebenzi. Ukuphulaphula iziyalezo zomlomo, njengokuphulaphula i-podcast, kunokukhokelela ekufundeni. Singafunda nangokufunda, ukuva, okanye ukubukela izenzo zebalinganiswa kwiincwadi nakwiifilimu.
Njengoko unokucinga, luhlobo lolwazi lokufunda oluye lwaba yindonga yombane yokuphikisana njengabazali kunye neengqondo zeengqondo zixubusha impembelelo yokuba i-pop media media ine-kids. Abaninzi banenkxalabo yokuba abantwana banokufunda iimpawu ezimbi ezinjengobundlobongela kwimidlalo yevidiyo enobudlova, amafilimu, iinkqubo zethelevishini kunye namavidiyo ase-intanethi.
2. Iingqondo zengqondo zibalulekile ekufundeni.
Ukujonga nje izenzo zomnye umntu akusoloko kwanele ukukhokelela ekufundeni. Isimo sakho sengqondo nesishukumisayo sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqaliseni ukuba ngaba ukufunda kufundwe okanye cha.
Nangona iingcamango zokuziphatha ziphakanyisiwe ukuba zomelezwa kwangaphandle ezenza ukufunda, i-Bandura yaqaphela ukuba ukuqiniswa akuhlali kuvela kwimithombo yangaphandle.
I-Bandura yaphawula ukuba ngaphandle, ukuqiniswa kokusingqongileyo akukuphela kwento ekuchaphazela ukufunda nokuziphatha. Wachaza ukuqiniswa kwangaphakathi njengendlela yomvuzo wangaphakathi, njengokuqhosha, ukwaneliseka kunye nomsebenzi wokufezekisa. Oku kugxininisa kwiingcinga zangaphakathi kunye neengcamango kunceda ukudibanisa iingcamango zokufunda kwiingcamango zentuthuko engqondweni. Nangona iincwadi ezininzi zezifundo zibeka ingcamango yokufunda yentlalo kunye neengcamango zokuziphatha, i-Bandura ngokwakhe ichaza indlela yakhe 'njengengcamango yoluntu.
3. Ukufunda akubangela ukuba utshintshe ekuphatheni.
Ngoko sichaza njani xa kukho into efunyenwe? Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukufunda kungabonwa ngokukhawuleza xa ukuziphatha okusha kuboniswa. Xa ufundisa umntwana ukukhwela ibhayisekile, unokukhawuleza ukuba unokufunda xa kwenzeka ukuba umntwana agibele ibhayisikili yakhe.
Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha siyakwazi ukufunda izinto nangona ukuba ukufunda akunakwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Nangona abaziphatha ukuziphatha bekholelwa ukuba ukufunda kuholele ekutshintsheni okusisigxina ekuziphatheni, ukufunda okuqwalaselayo kubonisa ukuba abantu banokufunda ulwazi olutsha ngaphandle kokubonisa ukuziphatha okutsha.
Ukuqwalaselwa Kwentsebenzo Kwenzeka njani?
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba akuzona zonke iindlela zokuziphatha eziziwayo ezifundwe ngempumelelo. Ngoba kutheni? Izinto ezibandakanya zombini umzekelo kwaye umfundi angadlala indima enoba ukufunda kwezenhlalakahle kuyaphumelela. Ezinye iimfuno kunye namanyathelo kufuneka alandelwe.
Amanyathelo alandelayo abandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokufunda nokujonga imodeli:
- Ingqalelo: Ukuze ufunde, kufuneka uqaphele. Nantoni na ephazamisa ingqalelo yakho iya kuba nefuthe elibi kwiinkalo zokufunda. Ukuba umzekelo unomdla okanye kukho umxholo wenomxholo weemeko, unako kakhulu ukunikezela ingqwalasela yakho ngokupheleleyo ekufundeni.
- Ukugcinwa: Ukukwazi ukugcina ulwazi kuyingxenye ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokufunda. Ukugcinwa kweentengo kunokuchaphazeleka ngamanani amanqaku, kodwa ukukwazi ukukhupha ulwazi emva koko kwaye kusebenze kuyo kubalulekile ekufundeni ukujonga.
- Ukuzaliswa: Emva kokuba uyibeke ingqalelo kumzekelo kwaye ugcine ulwazi, kuba lixesha lokwenjenjalo ukwenza umgangatho ozijongayo. Ukuqhuba okuqhubekayo kokuziphatha okufundiweyo kukukhokelela ekuphuculeni nasekuphuculeni ikhono.
- Isizathu: Ekugqibeleni, ukwenzela ukuba ukufunda okubonakalayo kuphumelele, kufuneka ukhuthazwe ukuba uxelise ukuziphatha okuye kwahlonywa. Ukuqiniswa kunye nokuhlawulwa kuthatha indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni. Nangona ukufumana aba baququzeleli banokuphumelela kakhulu, ngokunjalo banokubheka abanye befumana uhlobo oluthile lokuqiniswa okanye isohlwayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ubona omnye umfundi evuzwa ngetyala lekongeziweyo ngokufunda kwiklasi ngexesha, unokuqala ukubonisa imizuzu embalwa kwintsuku nganye.
Izicelo ezimbalwa ze-Social Learning Theory
I-theory yezemfundo yentlalo ingaba nenani lezicelo zehlabathi zangempela. Ngokomzekelo, ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda abaphandi baqonde ukuba ubugwenxa nobudlova bunokudluliselwa ngokufunda. Ngokufunda ubudlova beendaba, abaphandi banokuqonda kakuhle izinto ezinokubangela abantwana ukuba benze izenzo ezinobungqina abazibonayo kumabonwakude nakwimabhayisikobho.
Kodwa ukufunda kwentlalo kungasetyenziselwa ukufundisa abantu ukuziphatha okulungileyo. Abaphandi bangasebenzisa inzululwazi yokufunda yoluntu ukuphanda nokuqonda iindlela ezinokuthi zisebenzise izibonelo ezinokuthi zisebenzise ukukhuthaza iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo kunye nokuququzelela utshintsho oluntu.
ILizwi
Ukongezelela ekutshintsheni ezinye iingcali zeengqondo, i-theory ye-Social learning ye-Bandura iye yabandakanyeka ebalulekileyo kwinkalo yemfundo. Namhlanje, ootitshala kunye nabazali baqaphela ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukumisela iimpawu ezifanelekileyo. Amanye amacebo okufundela njengokukhuthaza abantwana kunye nokuzakhela ukuzinyameka nazo zixhomekeke kwimfundiso yentlalo yoluntu.
Njengoko iBanura yabona, ubomi buya kuba nzima kakhulu kwaye nokuba yingozi xa ufanele ufunde konke owaziyo kumava akho. Ubomi bakho obuninzi buxhomekeke kumava akho entlalontle, ngoko akumangalisi ukuba ukujonga abanye kubambe indima ebalulekileyo ekufumaneni kwakho ulwazi olutsha kunye nezakhono. Ngokuqonda kangcono indlela i-theory of learning theory esebenza ngayo, unokufumana ukuxabisa okukhulu ngendima ebalulekileyo enokuyibona ekuboniseni izinto esiziwayo nezinto esizenzayo.
> Imithombo:
> Bandura, A. Ukuzibhokoxa: Ukuzivocavoca. ENew York: WH Freeman; 1997.
> Weiner, IB & Craighead, WE. I-Social Learning Theory. ICorsini Encyclopedia ye-Psychology, uMqulu 4. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Son.