Ukujonga ngokugqithiseleyo "i-Third Force" kwiSyychology
I-Psychology ye- Humaniki yimbono egxininisa ekujongeni wonke umntu kunye nokugxininisa iingcinga ezifana nentando yokuzikhethela, ukuzibhokoxa, nokuzimelela. Esikhundleni sokugxila ekusebenziseni ukungasebenzi, iingqondo zengqondo zizama ukubanceda abantu bafezekise amandla abo kunye nokukhulisa impilo yabo.
I-Psychology ye-Humanistic, edla ngokubhekiselwe njengobuntu, yavela ngexesha lama-1950 njengendlela yokusabela kwi-psychoanalysis kunye nokuziphatha okubangela i-psychology ngelo xesha.
I-Psychoanalysis yayijolise ekuqondeni izizathu ezingenakukwazi ukuqhuba ukuziphatha xa i- behaviorism ifundela iinkqubo zokuziphatha ezivelisa ukuziphatha.
Iingcamango zabantu babecinga ukuba i-psychoanalysis kunye nokuziphatha kakubi kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba igxininise kakhulu kwiimvakalelo okanye ukungaphumeleli ngqalelo indima yokuzikhethela.
Nangona kunjalo, akuyimfuneko ukucinga ngezi zikolo ezintathu zengcamango njengezinto ezikhuphisanayo. Isebe ngalinye leengqondo lenze igalelo ekuqondeni kwethu kwengqondo kunye nokuziphatha komntu. I-Psychology ye-Humanistic yongeze enye enye imilinganiselo ethatha ingcamango epheleleyo yomntu ngamnye.
Iyini Ingqwalasela ephambili yeScience Psychology?
Njengoko kwakusungulwe, ingqondo yesintu ijolise kumntu ngamnye kwaye ingagxininisa ukubaluleka kokukhula kunye nokuzimela . Inkolelo engundoqo yeengqondo zengqondo kukuba abantu banokungenangqondo kwaye ukuba iingxaki zengqondo nezentlalo zibangelwa ukungahambi kwimiqathango yendalo.
Ubuntu bubonisa ukuba abantu banamashishini abo kunye nokuba bashukunyiswa ukusebenzisa lo myalelo wokuzikhethela ukuza kulandela izinto eziya kubanceda ukufezekisa amandla abo njengabantu. Le mfuneko yokuzaliseka kunye nokukhula komntu kubakho umququzeleli wokuziphatha konke. Abantu baqhubeka bekhangela iindlela ezintsha zokukhula, ukuba ngcono, ukufunda izinto ezintsha, nokufumana ukukhula kwengqondo kunye nokuziphendulela.
Imbali emfutshane ye-Humanistic Psychology
Ukuphuhliswa kwangaphambili kwengqondo yesintu yaye yachaphazelwa kakhulu yimisebenzi yabasebenzi abancinci be-theorists, ngakumbi uAbraham Maslow noCar Rogers. Ezinye iingcamango ezivelele zentuntu ziquka uRollo May no-Erich Fromm.
Ngomnyaka we-1943, uMaslow wachaza ulawulo lwakhe lweemfuno kwi "Iingcamango Zengqondo Yabantu" epapashwe kwiNgxelo yeZengqondo. Kamva ngasekupheleni kweminyaka ye-1950, u-Abraham Maslow, kunye nezinye iingcali zengqondo zaziqhube iintlanganiso zokuxoxa ngokuphuhlisa inhlangano engumsebenzi ozinikezele kwiindlela ezingakumbi zobomi beengqondo. Bavumelana ukuba izihloko ezinjengokuzimela, ukudala, ukuzimela, kunye nezihloko ezihambelana nazo ziyihloko eziphambili zendlela entsha.
Ngo-1951, uKarl Rogers waphicilela iCenter-Centered Therapy , eyayichaza indlela yakhe yokuphila, eya kubaxhasi. Ngo-1961, i-Journal of Humanistic Psychology yasungulwa.
Kwakukho ngo-1962 ukuba i-American Association ye-Humanistic Psychology yasungulwa kwaye ngowe-1971, iingqondo zesintu zaba yi-APA .
Ngowe-1962, uMaslow washicilelwa kwi-Psychology of Being , echaza apho isicatshulwa sabantu "njengamandla amathathu" kwingqondo. Impembelelo yokuqala kunye yesibini yayiyi-behaviorism kunye ne-psychoanalysis ngokulandelanayo.
Yayiphi Impembelelo Ngaba I-Psychology Yezinto Eziphilayo?
Intlangano yoluntu inefuthe elikhulu kwikhondo leengqondo kunye negalelo elitsha lokucinga ngempilo yengqondo. Yayinika indlela entsha yokuqonda iimpawu zokuziphatha zabantu kunye nezizathu zokubangela ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono ezintsha kunye neendlela zokwenza i- psychotherapy .
Ezinye zeengcamango eziphambili kunye neengcamango ezivela ngenxa yentlangano yabantu ziquka ukugxininisa kwizinto ezinje:
- Iingcamango
- Ulawulo oluphezulu lweemfuno
- Ukujonga okuthe ngqo
- Okufunwa nguwe
- Unyango olujoliswe kumxhasi
- Ukuzimela ngokwabo
- Umntu osebenza ngokupheleleyo
- Amava e Peak
Amandla kunye neeCriticisms of Psychology Humanistic
Enye yezona zixhobo ezinkulu zeengqondo zesintu kukuba igxininisa indima yomntu.
Esi sikolo sengqondo sinika abantu abaninzi ngetyala ekulawuleni nasekuqaliseni isimo sabo sempilo yengqondo.
Kwakhona kuthatha ingqalelo ekusingqongileyo. Kunokuba sigxile kuphela kwiingcamango zethu zangaphakathi kunye neminqweno, ingqondo yesintu nayo ibonisa impembelelo kwimeko yethu kumava.
I-Psychology ye-Humanistic yanceda ukususa enye ye-stigma ethe yaxhomekeka kunyango kwaye yenza ukuba yamukeleke ngakumbi kubantu abaqhelekileyo, abaphilileyo ukuba bahlolisise ubuchule babo kunye nokwenzeka kwonyango.
Nangona iingqondo zengqondo ziqhubeka zichaphazela unyango, imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kunye nezinye iindawo, akuzange kubekho ukugxeka.
I-Psychology ye-Humanistic ibonwa njengento ephantsi; ukubaluleka kwamava ngamnye kwenza kube nzima ukufundisisa ngokuchanekileyo nokulinganisa iziganeko zabantu. Singayichazela njani ngokucacileyo ukuba umntu uqobo lwakhe uqobo? Impendulo, ewe, kukuba asikwazi. Sinokuthembela kuphela ekuhloleni komntu ngamnye ngamava.
Olunye ugxeko olukhulu kukuba ukuqwalaselwa akubonakali; akukho ndlela echanekileyo yokulinganisa okanye ukulinganisa le mpawu.
ILizwi
Namhlanje, iingcamango eziphambili kwiengqondo zengqondo ziyabonakala kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezibandakanya amanye amasebe ezengqondo, imfundo, unyango, ukunyakaza kwezombusazwe kunye nezinye iindawo. Ngokomzekelo, i- psychology psychological and psychological positive zibambe kakhulu kwiimpembelelo zabantu.
Iinjongo zeengqondo zengqondo zihlala zichaphazelekayo namhlanje njengoko zazingama-1940 nee-1950. Iingqondo ze-Humanistic zizama ukuxhobisa abantu, ukuphucula intlalo, ukunyusa abantu ukufezekisa amandla abo, nokuphucula uluntu kuwo wonke umhlaba.
> Imithombo:
> Ukutshala, i-T. Izithuba ezihlanu ezisisiseko zeengqondo zesintu. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 2006; 46 (3): 239-239. i-doi: 10.1177 / 002216780604600301
> Schneider, KJ, Pierson, JF, & Bugental, JFT. I-Handbook ye-Humanistic Psychology: Iingcamango, uPhando, kunye nokuSebenza. Amawaka ama-Oaks: CA: I-SAGE Publications; 2015.