Iingcali zengqondo zihlala zichaza ukufunda njengenguqu ngokusisigxina ekuziphatheni ngenxa yokufumana amava. I- psychology yokufunda igxininisa uluhlu lwezihloko ezinxulumene nendlela abantu abafunda ngayo kunye nokusebenzisana neendawo zabo.
Omnye wabalingani bokuqala ukufunda indlela yokufunda echaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha kwakuyi-psychologist uJohn B. Watson owacebisa ukuba zonke iindlela zokuziphatha zibangelwa yinkqubo yokufunda.
Isikolo sombono owavela kumsebenzi kaWatson wabizwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi. Isikolo sokuziphatha sengcamango esicetywayo sokufundwa kweengcamango zangaphakathi, iinkumbulo kunye nezinye iinkqubo zengqondo zazizimeleyo. I-Psychology, i-behaviorists ikholelwa, kufuneka ibe yincwadi yesayensi yokuziphatha okubonakalayo. Ukuziphatha kwakuchumile kwinqanaba yokuqala le-20 leminyaka kwaye kwanegalelo elikhulu ekuqondeni kwethu iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokufunda.
Ngaba ulungiselela uvavanyo olukhulu kwi-psychology yakho yeklasi yokufunda? Okanye ngaba unomdla ekuhlaziyweni kwezihloko zokufunda nokuziphatha kwengqondo? Esi sikhokelo sokufunda sifundo sichaza ngokufutshane eminye imiba ephakamileyo yokufunda kuquka ukuziphatha, ukulungelelaniswa kwimeko yeklasi kunye nesimo sokusebenza.
Makhe sifunde ngakumbi malunga neengqondo zengqondo.
Yintoni U kufunda?
Ukufunda kunokuchazwa ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa ezininzi iingcali zengqondo ziyavuma ukuba kukho utshintsho olusisigxina ekuziphatheni okubangelwa ngamava.
Ngethuba lesibini sokuqala lekhulu lemashumi mabini, isikolo sombono obizwa ngokuba yi-behaviorism savuka sinolawulo lwengqondo kwaye safuna ukuchaza inkqubo yokufunda. Iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zokufunda ezichazwe ngokweengqondo zengqondo ziyimeko yesimo, imimiselo yokusebenza kunye nokufunda ngokuqwalasela .
Ziziphi iindlela zokuziphatha?
Ukuziphatha kwakukho isikolo sokucinga kwengqondo esazama ukulinganisa ukuziphatha okubonakalayo kuphela. Eyasungulwa nguJohn B. Watson kwaye ichazwe kwimiqulu yakhe ye-1913 yePhysical Psychology njengoMntu oLubhekayo , iqondo lokuziphatha liye lathi inzululwazi yenzululwazi yenzalo kunye nenjongo yengqondo engaphakathi ayifanele ithathelwe ingqalelo ngenxa yokuba ayinakuqwalaselwa ngokuthe ngqo .
Umsebenzi kaWatson wawunomzamo owaziwayo u- Little Albert apho wayemisela umntwana omncinci ukwesaba umlingo omhlophe. Ukuziphatha kulawulwa yimiqondo yengqondo enkulu kwinkulungwane ye-20. Nangona iindlela zokuziphatha zihlala zibalulekile namhlanje, inxalenye yesibini yenkulungwane yaphawulwa ngokuvela kweengqondo zesintu, ingqondo yengqondo kunye neengqondo zengqondo .
Funda kabanzi kule ngcaciso emfutshane yokuziphatha nokuthatha le mibuzo ukuze uvavanye ulwazi lwakho lokuziphatha.
Uhlobo lweClassical Conditioning
Inkqubo yokufunda ngokwemvelo yinkqubo yokufunda apho umbutho wenziwa phakathi kokuvuselela ukungathathi hlangothi kwangaphambili kunye nefuthe elivakalayo eliphakamisa impendulo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi -classic test yePavlov , ukuvumba kokutya kwakungenxa yokuvuselela ngokwemvelo eyayibambene nokubethelela kwe-bell kwangaphambili.
Emva kokuba unxulumano lwenziwe phakathi kwezi zibini, isandi sensimbi kuphela yikhokelela ekuphenduleni. Funda kabanzi malunga nendlela yokwenza imimiselo yeklasi kunye neminye yemigaqo ebalulekileyo yeemeko zesimo .
Isimo sokuSebenza
Inkqubo yokusebenza yinkqubo yokufunda apho kunokwenzeka ukuba impendulo yenzeke yanda okanye iyancipha ngenxa yokuqiniswa okanye isohlwayo. Okokuqala wafundiswa nguEdward Thorndike kwaye kamva nguBF Skinner , imbono esekelwe emva kwesimo esisebenzayo kukuba imiphumo yezenzo zethu zenza ukuziphatha ngokuzithandela. I-Skinner ichaze indlela ukuqinisekiswa ngayo kunokukhokelela ekunyuseni kweziphatho apho ukuhlawulwa kuya kubangela ukuhla.
Kwakhona wafumanisa ukuba ixesha lokuxhaswa kwanikezelwa ekuchaphazelweni kwindlela ekuqhutywe ngayo ukuziphatha ngokukhawuleza kunye nendlela eya kuthatha ngayo impendulo. Ixesha kunye nezinga lokuqiniswa ziyaziwa njengeedyuli zokuqiniswa .
YokuFunda
Ukufunda ngokuqwalasela yinkqubo apho kufundwa khona ukufunda ngokujonga nokulingisa abanye. Umbono we-Albert Bandura wokufunda ezentlalo ukhombisa ukuba ngaphezu kokufunda ngokusebenzisa imimiselo, abantu bafunda ngokujonga nokulinganisa izenzo zabanye. Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-classic " Bobo Doll " ukulinga, abantu baya kuxelisa izenzo zabanye ngaphandle kokuqiniswa ngqo. Izinto ezibalulekileyo ezibalulekileyo zibalulekile ekufundeni ngokuqwalasela ngokufanelekileyo: ingqwalasela, izakhono zezithuthi, ukukhuthazwa kunye nenkumbulo.
Abantu abachaphazelekayo kwiNkalo
Oku kulandelayo ngamanani amaninzi ahambelana nokufunda kunye nesikolo sokuziphatha sengqondo.
Imigomo yokuFunda eyintloko
- Uhlobo lweClassical Conditioning
- Ukunyanzeliswa
- Stimulus Condition
- Impendulo engavumelekanga
- I mpendulo
- Ixesha eliHlomelo
- I-Schedule-Ratio Schedule
- Ikhefu eliguqukayo
- Uhlobo lweShedyuli
- Ukuziphatha
- Ukuqiniswa
- Ukuvuselelwa okulungileyo
- Ukunyanzeliswa okungafanelekanga
- Sohlwaywa
- Isigwebo Esihle
- I sohlwayo