Injongo yo kufunda
Ukufunda ngokusoloko kuchazwa njengenguqu ehlala njalo kwizinto eziziphetheyo ezibangelwa ngamava. Xa ucinga ngokufunda, kunokuba kube lula ukuwela kwisicupho sokuqwalasela imfundo esemthethweni eyenzekayo ebuntwaneni nasekuqaleni kwabantu abadala, kodwa ukufunda ngokwenene kuyinkqubo eqhubekayo eyenzeka kuyo yonke imihla yobomi.
Singahamba njani ngokungazi into yokuzuza ulwazi, ulwazi kunye nezakhono?
Ukufunda kwaba yintloko ephambili ekufundweni kwengqondo ngexesha lephambili kwinkulungwane ye-20 njengoko ukuziphatha kwavela ekubeni yinto yesikolo esicwangcisiweyo. Namhlanje, ukufunda kuyaqhubeka kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezininzi zeengqondo, kuquka ukuqonda kwengqondo, ezemfundo, ezentlalo kunye nophuhliso lweengqondo .
Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba ukufunda kunokubandakanya zombini inzuzo kunye nokuziphatha okubi. Ukufunda yinkalo engokwemvelo neyoqhubekayo eyenzeka rhoqo, kokubili ibe ngcono kwaye ibe yimbi. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bafunda izinto ezibanceda babe nolwazi olungakumbi kwaye baphile ubomi obubhetele. Kwamanye amaxesha, abantu banokufunda izinto ezinobungozi kwimpilo yabo kunye nenhlalakahle.
Ukufunda Kuvela Njani?
Inkqubo yokufunda izinto ezintsha azihlali zifanayo. Ukufunda kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukucacisa ukuba kwaye kukufunda njani kwaye nini, ininzi yeengcamango zeengqondo eziye zacetyiswa.
UkuFunda Ngokufunda Ngokweziko
Ukufunda ngokubambisana ngenye yezindlela ezibalulekileyo abantu abafunda izinto ezintsha. Umfuphi wezilwanyana waseRussia u-Ivan Pavlov wathola indlela enye yokufunda ngexesha lokulinga kwakhe kwiinkqubo zokugaya iinja . Wayephawula ukuba izinja zaziza kudla ngokubonakalayo, kodwa ekugqibeleni izinja nazo zaqala ukukhawuleza xa zibona iingubo ezimhlophe ze-lab.
Kamva iimvavanyo zibandakanya ukubambisana nokubona kokutya ngezwi lentsimbi yentsimbi. Emva kokubambisana ngokuphindaphindiweyo, inja ekugqibeleni zaqala ukunyathela kwisandi seentsimbi zodwa.
Olu hlobo lokufunda luyaziwa ngokuba ngumgangatho wesimo . Iyenzeka ngokuqulunqwa kwemibutho. Isishukumiso esingathathi hlangothi esisemgangathweni kwaye sisenza ngokuzenzekelayo impendulo ibhanjiswe ngesimo esingathathi hlangothi. Ekugqibeleni, iifom zentlangano kunye nokuvuselela kwangaphathi hlangothi kuyaziwa ngokuba yimpumelelo eyenziwa yinto evuselela impendulo.
UkuFunda ngokuSebenza koMgangatho
Imiphumo yezenzo zakho inokudlala indima ekunqumeni indlela kunye noko ufundayo. Ubomi BF Skinner waphawula ukuba ngelixa iimeko eziqhelekileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukuchaza ezinye iintlobo zokufunda, ayikwazi ukuphendula yonke into. Kunoko, wacetyiswa ukuba ukuqinisekiswa kunye nezijeziso zinoxanduva lweentlobo ezithile zokufunda. Xa into ngokukhawuleza ilandela indlela yokuziphatha, inokunyusa okanye ukunciphisa amathuba okuba ukuziphatha kuya kubakho kwakhona kwixesha elizayo. Le nqubo ibhekiselwa ekubeni yimeko yokusebenza .
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba ufumana ipiliti entsha, kwaye ufuna ukuqala ukuqeqesha ukuba uziphathe ngendlela ethile.
Nanini na inkunzi yenza into oyifunayo ukuba uyiyenze, uyayivuza ngokuphathwa okuncinci okanye i-pat enobubele. Xa intshontshi iphosakele, uyamgxeka kwaye ungabonisi uthando. Ekugqibeleni, ukuqiniswa kukukhokelela ekunyuseni kweziphathamandla ezifunwayo kunye nokuhla kwezinto ezingafunekiyo.
UkuFunda Ngokuqwalasela
Nangona iimeko zesimo kunye nesimo sokusebenza singakunceda ukuchaza iziganeko ezininzi zokufunda, unokucinga ngokukhawuleza ngeemeko apho ufundile into ngaphandle kokumiselwa, ukuqiniswa okanye ukuhlawulwa. Isazi sengqondo sengqondo u-Albert Bandura saqaphela ukuba ezininzi iintlobo zokufunda azibandakanyi nayiphi na imeko kunye nokuba kunjalo, ubungqina bokuthi ukufunda sele kwenzeke kungabi nakubonakala ngokukhawuleza.
Ukufunda ngokuqwalasela kwenzeka ngokuqwalasela izenzo kunye nemiphumo yabanye abantu.
Kuluhlu lweemvavanyo ezidumileyo, i-Bandura yakwazi ukubonisa amandla alo mfundiso yokuqwalasela. Abantwana babukela ividyo kliphu zabantu abadala abadibanisa neDobbo enkulu. Kwamanye amaxesha, abantu abadala bawutyeshela idoli, ngelixa kwezinye izicatshulwa abantu abadala babeza kukubetha, bakhawule baze bathuke idonsa.
Xa abantwana banikwa ithuba lokuba badlale ngaphakathi kwigumbi elinomdaka waseBobo, abo babone abantu abadala besisebenzisa kakubi idoli babenokukwazi ukwenza izinto ezinje.
Njengoko ubona, ukufunda kuyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ebandakanya izinto ezininzi. Iingcali zengqondo namhlanje azihlolisanga nje indlela ukufunda kwenzeka ngayo kodwa nendlela iimeko zentlalo, imvakalelo, inkcubeko kunye nezobomi zichaphazela inkqubo yokufunda.