Iifom ye-Fixed-Strengthening Shedules Influence Behavior
Kwimeko yokusebenza, ishedyuli yohlobo oluthileyo ishedyuli yokuqiniswa apho impendulo iqinisekisiwe kuphela emva kweqela elithile leempendulo. Okubalulekileyo, umxholo unikeza inani elimisiweyo leempendulo kwaye umqeqeshi unika umvuzo. Enye inzuzo yolu hlobo lweshedyuli kukuba livelisa izinga eliphezulu, elincinci lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza nje emva kokunikezelwa kwe-reinforcer.
Ukuba uyakhumbula, imeko yokusebenza iquka ukuqinisa okanye ukunyanzelisa iziphathamandla ngeembuyekezo kunye nezohlwayo. Olu hlobo lokufunda ngokubambisana luquka ukutshintsha ukuziphatha okusekelwe kwimiphumo yokuziphatha. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba ukuziphatha kulandelwa yiphumo elinqwenelekayo, ngokokuba ukuziphatha okunokwenzeka kunokwenzeka kwakhona kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isenzo silandelwa ngumphumo ongathandekiyo, ngoko-ke isenzo sinokuba lula ukuba senzeke kwakhona kwixesha elizayo.
Ubomi BF Skinner waphawula ukuba isantya apho ukuziphatha kwakusomelezwa khona, okanye ishedyuli yokuqiniswa, yaba nefuthe kwixesha kunye namandla okuphendula. Ishedyuli esicwangcisiweyo-yexeshana yinye yeeshedyuli eziye zachongwa ngu-Skinner.
Umsebenzi weShedyuli oHloniphekileyo wokuHlanganisa?
Ishedyuli esicwangcisiweyo-mali ingaqondwa ngokujonga ngeli gama ngokwalo. I-Fixed ibhekisela ekuhanjisweni kwemivuzo kwishedyuli eqhubekayo.
Ukulinganisa kubhekisele kwinani leempendulo ezifunekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqiniswa. Ngokomzekelo, ishedyuli yesilinganiselo esicwangcisiweyo inokuhanjiswa umvuzo kwimpendulo yonke yesihlanu. Emva kokuba isihloko siphendule kwisiphumo esihlanu, umvuzo unikezelwa.
Ngoko ke ucinge ukuba uqeqeshe i-rabbit ye-lab ukuze ucinezele iqhosha ukuze ufumane i-pellet yokutya.
Uya kugqiba ukubeka i-rat kwi-schedule-fixed 15 (FR-15) ishedyuli. Ukuze ufumane i-pellet yokutya, i-rat kufuneka ibandakanye impendulo yokusebenza (ucinezela iqhosha) ngamaxesha angama-15 ngaphambi kokuba ifumane iplalet yokutya. Ishedyuli ichanekile, ngoko i-rat izakufumana rhoqo i-pellet rhoqo ngamaxesha angama-15 icinezela i-lever.
Iimpawu zeShedyuli yoHlelo oluHlangeneyo
Ngoko igalelo le-fixed-ratio liba nefuthe elingakanani kwimilinganiselo yokuphendula?
- Iziphumo ekuphakamileyo, ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza de kube kuqinisekiswe ukuqiniswa
- Eyona nto isetyenziswe kakuhle xa ufunda ukuziphatha okusha
- Ikhokelela kumpendulo emfutshane emva kokuqiniswa, kodwa ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwakhona
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ishedyuli ye-FR iqhubela kumgangatho ophezulu wokuphendula olandela iphethini ye-break-burst. Izifundo ziya kuphendula kwisantya esiphezulu de kube kuqinisekiswe ukuqinisekiswa, apho kufike khona ixesha elifutshane. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphendula kuya kuphinda kubuye kwakhona kwizinga eliphezulu.
Enye yeenzuzo zeshedyuli esimalathisi-mboleko kukuba ikhokelela kwisilinganiselo esiphezulu sokuphendula, nangona kukho ikhefu elifutshane emva kokuba umvuzo uhanjiswe. Enye into engeyiyo ingozi kukuba izifundo zingaphumelela ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuphendula okanye zingaphinde zinyulwe emva kokuba zininzi zokuqinisa.
Ezinye zeZimiselo zeeShedyuli eziHlomelo
- Umsebenzi woLwazi loLuntu: Abasebenzi kwifowuni yefowuni bahlawulelwa kuwo onke amawijethi ama-15 awenzayo. Oku kubangela izinga eliphezulu lokuvelisa kunye nabasebenzi bavame ukuthatha ikhefu ezimbalwa. Kodwa ke, kunokukhokelela ekutshiseni nasekusebenzeni umgangatho ophantsi.
- Ukuqokelela Izikrini kuMdlalo Wevidiyo: Kwiimidlalo ezininzi zevidiyo, kufuneka uqokelele amathokheni amaninzi, into, okanye amanqaku ukuze ufumane uhlobo oluthile lomvuzo.
- IiKomishoni zentengiso : Umsebenzi ufumana ikhomishini nganye yentengiso yesithathu abenzayo.
- AmaBanga: Umntwana unikezelwa umvuzo emva kokufumana ama-A emihlanu emsebenzini wakhe wesikolo. Emva kwesibini yesi-A kwisabelo somsebenzi, uqala ukukhetha ithoyilo entsha.
- Imisebenzi emfutshane: Imisebenzi efuna i-X inani lempendulo ukuze ifumane imbuyekezo. Ngokomzekelo, umqeshwa ufumana i-X inani leedola kuzo zonke iipopu eziyi-100 ezizenzekelayo okanye zonke iifelthi eziyi-100 zizinamathele kwiifilikhsi.
- Umsebenzi wefama: Abasebenzi beefama bahlawulwa i-X inani leedola kuzo zonke iinqununu zeziqhamo abazikhethayo.
ILizwi
Ishedyuli esicwangcisiweyo-mali ingaba yindlela efanelekileyo kwiimeko ezithile ezisebenzisa imeko yokusebenza. Xa ukhetha ishedyuli, ke ke kubalulekile ukucinga ngezinto ezifana nokuba ufuna ukuba isifundo siphendule kaninzi nokuthi ufuna ukunikela umvuzo kaninzi kangakanani.
> Imithombo:
> Domjan, MP. Imigaqo yokuFunda nokuziphatha. EBelmont, CA: UCengage Learning; 2009.
> Kalat, JW. Isingeniso kwiSychology. EBelmont, CA: UCengage Learning; 2016.