Kwinkqubo yokufunda eyaziwa njenge- classical conditioning , i-stimulus engenakunqunyulwa (UCS) yinto engahambelaniyo, ngokwemvelo, kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo ibangela impendulo. Umzekelo, xa uphefumle enye yokutya oyintandokazi, unokuziva ulambile ngokukhawuleza. Kulo mzekelo, ukuvumba kokutya kukuvuselelwa okungafunekiyo.
Ku- Ivan Pavlov uvavanyo lweklasi kunye neenja, ukuvumba kokutya kwakuyi-stimulus engavumelekanga.
Izinja ekusebenzeni kwakhe zazivumba ukutya, kwaye ngokoqobo ziqala ukunyuka kwisabelo. Le mpendulo ayifuni ukufunda, ivele yenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo.
Eminye imizekelo ye-stimulus engenanto iquka:
- Intsiba ekhanyela iempumlo yenza ukuba unyuse. Iintsiba ezikhawulezileyo iempumlo zakho ziyi-stimulus.
- Ukusika i-anyanisi kwenza amehlo akho abe ngamanzi. I-anyanisi yinto ekhutshiweyo.
- I-pollen ephuma ngotshini kunye neentyantyambo kukubangela ukuba udibanise. I-pollen yi-stimulus engavumelekanga.
Kule mizekelo nganye, ukuvuselelwa okungafunekiyo ngokwemvelo kuyabangela impendulo engavumelekanga okanye i-reflex. Akudingeki ufunde ukuphendula kwisisombululo esingenasidingo.
Indima ye-Asitral Stimulus
Ngeenjongo zeklasi yokumisa okanye ukufunda, awukwazi ukuba nefuthe elingenakunqandwa ngaphandle kokuvuselela. Ukuvuselela ukungathathi hlangothi akubangeli naliphi na ukuphendula okwangoku ekuqaleni, kodwa xa kusetyenziswa kunye nokuvuselela okungafunekiyo, kunokushukumisa ukufunda.
Umzekelo omhle wokukhuthaza ukungathathi hlangothi isandi okanye ingoma.
Ukuthintela ixesha elingakanani Ukuzuza okanye ukufunda ngeendlela zokuziphatha
Ixesha elingakanani elidlulayo phakathi kokubonisa ukuvuselela kokungathathi hlangothi kunye nefuthe elingenakunqunyanyiswa linye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba ingafundanga okanye kungekhona ukufunda.
Ixesha lokuba indlela yokungahambelani hlangothi kunye nefuthe elingenakunqunyanyiswayo linikwe yintoni echaphazela ukuba ingaqulunqwa umbutho, umgaqo owaziwa ngokuba yi-congruity hypothesis.
Ngokomzekelo owaziwayo u-Ivan Pavlov, umzekelo, i-bell ye-bell yayingumdla wokungathathi hlangothi ngelixa ukuvumba kokutya kwakungenakukhutshwa. Ukuhambisa ithoni ekufuphi ukubonisa ukuvumba kweziphumo zokutya kumbutho onamandla. Ukubetha intsimbi, ukuvuthwa kwezinto ezingahambisani naso, ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba i-stimulus engenakuncedisa ibangele iqumrhu elibuthathaka okanye lingekho.
Iindidi ezahlukileyo zokumisa imimandla zingasebenzisa ixesha okanye umyalelo ohlukeneyo phakathi kokuvuselela ukungathathi hlangothi kunye ne-UCS.
- Kwimeko efanayo , ukuvuselela ukungathathi hlangothi kuboniswa ngexesha elichanekileyo njengento engavumelekanga. Olu hlobo lwesimo lukhokelela ekufundeni obuthathaka.
- Kwiimeko zangaphambili , i-stimulus engenakunikwa inikwe kuqala kwaye i-stimulus engathathi hlangothi ichazwe emva koko. Olu hlobo lwesimo sengqondo luye lubangele ukufunda okubuthathaka.
- Kwimeko yokulandelelana , i-stimulus yokungathathi hlangothi ichazwe ngokufutshane kwaye imisiwe, ngoko i-stimulus engaxhaswanga. Olu hlobo lomqathango luvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo.
- Kwiimeko zokulibaziseka , i-stimulus engathathi hlangothi iboniswa kwaye iqhubeka ngelixa i-stimulus engenakunikwa. Olu hlobo lomqathango luvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Umthombo:
UNicholas, uL. Isingeniso kwi-Psychology. IKapa: IJuta neNkampani; 2008.