Isohlwayo esingalunganga yimbono ebalulekileyo kwingcamango ye-BF Skinner yenkqubo yokusebenza . Kwizengqondo zengqondo, injongo yokujeziswa kukunciphisa ukuziphatha okungafunekiyo. Kwimeko yesigwebo esibi, kubandakanya ukuthatha into enhle okanye enqwenelekayo ekunciphiseni ukuvela kwendlela ethile yokuziphatha.
Enye yeendlela ezilula ukukhumbuza le ngcamango kukuphawula ukuba ngokwemigaqo yokuziphatha, iindlela ezintle zongeza into ethile ngelixa ukungathethi kuthatha ukuthatha into ethile.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isijeziso esibi sisoloko sibizwa ngokuba "isohlwayo ngokususwa."
Imizekelo yokuGweba
Ngaba unokufumanisa imizekelo yesigwebo esibi? Ukulahlekelwa ukufikelela kwindawo yokudlala, ukugxilwa, nokulahlekelwa yimirhumo yomvuzo yonke imimiselo yesigwebo esibi. Kwimeko nganye, into elungileyo ithathwa njengempembelelo yokuziphatha okungathandekiyo komntu. Umzekelo:
- Emva kokuba abantwana ababini beza kulwa ngubani odlala ngokudlala itshayiphu entsha, umama uthatha nje itekisi kubantwana bobabini.
- Intombazana ihlala ihamba ngeyure eyedlule ixesha lokufika kwakhe, ngoko abazali bayo bayisondeza iveki.
- Inkwenkwe yeklasi yesithathu ikhala komnye umfundi ngexesha leklasi, ngoko utitshala wakhe uthatha "ukuziphatha kakuhle" amathokheni angahlawulelwa kwiintlawulo.
Ngokuchasene, ngesilathiso esihle , into engathandekiyo ifakwe xa kukho ukungafuneki. Ngokomzekelo, xa umntwana ephosa umsindo, uyathunyelwa kwigumbi lakhe ixesha lokuhamba.
Zombini iintlobo zesohlwayo zinomgomo omnye wokuphela: ukuguqula ukuziphatha.
Iimiphumo zesigwebo esibi
Nangona isohlwayo esibi singasebenza kakhulu, i-Skinner kunye nabanye abaphandi baye bacetyiswa ukuba izinto ezininzi ziyakuchukumisa impumelelo yayo.
Isijeziso esibi sisebenza kakuhle xa:
- Ngokukhawuleza kulandela impendulo.
- Isetyenziswa ngokufanayo.
Khawuqwalasele lo mzekelo: intombazana iselula inayo ilayisenisi yokuqhuba, kodwa ayivumeli ukuba iqhube ebusuku. Nangona kunjalo, uhamba ebusuku ngobuninzi ngeveki engakhange abhekane nayo nayiphi na imiphumo. Ngenye ilanga kusihlwa xa eqhuba ukuya kwintengiselwano kunye nomhlobo, uyatshitshiswa aze akhutshwe ithikithi. Ngenxa yoko, ufumana isaziso kwi-imeyile emva kweveki kamva emxelela ukuba amalungelo akhe ekuqhubela phambili atshintshwe iintsuku ezingama-30. Emva kokuba aphinde abuyele ilayisenisi yakhe, ubuyela ekuqhubeni ebusuku ngelixa sele eneenyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuba avunyelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuqhuba ngokuhlwa kunye neeyure zasebusuku.
Njengoko ucinga ukuba, ukulahlekelwa ilayisenisi yakhe yisohlwayo esibi kulo mzekelo. Ngoko kutheni ukuba aqhubeke eqhuba ngokuziphatha nangona iholele ekujezisweni? Ngenxa yokuba isijeziso sasingenakunyaniseka (wayehamba ebusuku ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokujeziswa) kwaye ngenxa yokuba isijeziso sasingasetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza (amalungelo akhe ekuqhubela phambili awazange agwenywe de kube yiveki emva kokubanjwa), isilathiso esibi asizange siphumelele ekunciphiseni ukuziphatha.
Enye ingxaki enkulu ngezohlwayo ezimbi kukuba ngelixa kunokunciphisa ukuziphatha okungafunekiyo, akunikezeli naluphi na ulwazi okanye umyalelo malunga nokuphendula okufanelekileyo.
UBF Skinner wabuye waphawula ukuba emva kokuba ijehliso ihoxiswe, ukuziphatha kuya kwenzeka ukuba ubuyele.
> Imithombo:
> Hockenbury, D, Hockenbury, SE. Ukufumanisa i-Psychology. ENew York, NY: AbaPapasho Abaxabisekileyo; 2007.
> Skinner, BF. Malunga nokuziphatha. ENew York: Inkcazelo; 1974.