UAlbert Bandura ngumntu ochaphazelekayo onokwenzululwazi kwengqondo, mhlawumbi owaziwa kakhulu ngoluvo lwakhe lokufunda ngentlalo, ingcamango yokuzibhokoxa, kunye novavanyo lwakhe oludumileyo lweBobo doll. UngumNjingalwazi uEmeritus kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford kwaye ithathwa njengowomnye wabantu abaphambili beengqondo.
Olunye uphando lwango-2002 lwalubeka kuye njengowesine-ntsholongwane wengqondo yengqondo yesine yekhulu lama-20, emva kwe-BF kuphela
Skinner, uSigmund Freud noJean Piaget.
Eyaziwa kakhulu
Obomi bakwangoko
U-Albert Bandura wazalwa ngoDisemba 4, 1925 kwidolophu encinane yaseCanada ephakathi kweekhilomitha ezili-50 ukusuka e-Edmonton. Ookugqibela kwabantwana abathandathu, imfundo yokuqala yaseButura yayineziko elilodwa elincinane kunye nabafundisi ababini kuphela. Ngokutsho kwe-Bandura, ngenxa yokufikelela okulinganiselwe kwimithombo yezemfundo, "Abafundi babefanele baphathe imfundo yabo."
Wayeqonda ukuba ngelixa "umxholo weencwadi ezininzi zezifundo zibhubha ... izixhobo zokuzilawula zikhonza enye ngexesha elide." Ezi zihlandlo zangaphambili zingaba negalelo ekugxininiseni ekugqibeleni ukubaluleka kwe-arhente yomntu.
Ngokukhawuleza iBatura yathandwa yingqondo emva kokubhalisa kwiYunivesithi yaseBritish Columbia. Wayeqalise njengeyona ngundoqo yesayensi yezinto eziphilayo kwaye unomdla wakhe kwizengqondo zenziwe ngokukodwa ngengozi.
Ngoxa wayesemsebenzini ebusuku kwaye ehamba esikolweni kunye neqela labafundi, wafumana ukufika esikolweni ngaphambi kokuba izifundo zakhe ziqale. Ukugqithisa ixesha, waqala ukuthatha "iiklasi zokuzalisa" ngethuba leentsasa zasekuseni, okubangela ukuba ekugqibeleni akhubeke kwizengqondo.
UBanura wachaza, "Ngenye intsasa, ndichitha ixesha kwilayibrari.
Omnye wayekhohliwe ukubuyela kwikhathalogu yekhosi kwaye ndagqithisa ngokuzama ukufumana ikhosi yokugcwalisa ukuhlala ngexesha lokuqala. Ndaqaphela inkcazo yengqondo yengqondo eyayiza kuba yi-filler. Kwabangela umdla wam kwaye ndafumanisa umsebenzi wam. "
Ufumene i-degree ukusuka kwiYunivesithi yaseBritish Columbia ngo-1949 emva kweminyaka emithathu yokufunda waza waqhubeka nokugqiba isikolo kwiYunivesithi yase-Iowa. Isikolo sasiye ekhaya kuClark Hull kunye nezinye iingcali zengqondo kuquka uKenneth Spence noKurt Lewin . Nangona iprogram ithatha inxaxheba kwimfundiso yentlalo yoluntu, i-Bandura yavakalelwa kukuba yayijolise kakhulu kwiingcaciso zokuziphatha .
I-Bandura yathola i-MA degree ngo-1951 kunye ne-PhD yakhe kwi-psychology yeklinikhi ngo-1952.
Umsebenzi kunye neengcamango
Emva kokufumana i-Ph.D. yakhe, wanikwa isikhundla kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford. I-Bandura yamkela isibonelelo (nangona kwakuthetha ukushiya kwesinye isikhundla esasikwamkele sona). Waqala ukusebenza eStanford ngo-1953 kwaye uye waqhubeka esebenza eyunivesithi kuze kube namhlanje. Kwakuyixesha lokufunda kwakhe kwintshukumo ye-adolescence yaseBandura eyandisa inomdla ekufundeni ngokukhawuleza, ukulinganisa kunye nokuxelisa.
Ingcamango yokufunda ye-Social Band ka-Albert Bandura igxininise ukubaluleka kokufunda, ukulingisa kunye nokwenza imodeli.
"Ukufunda kuya kuba nzima kakhulu, kungabonakali ngengozi, ukuba abantu bafanele bathembele kuphela kwimiphumo yezenzo zabo ukuba baxelele ukuba benzani," u-Bandura wachaza kwincwadi yakhe ngo-1977 ngale ndaba. Ingcamango yakhe idibanise ukusebenzisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kokuziphatha, iingcamango kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Uvavanyo lwakhe oludumileyo lwaluyi-1961 i- Bobo doll study . Kulo vavanyo, wenza ifilimu apho umzekelo omdala waboniswa ukubetha idobo yaseBobo kunye nokumemeza amagama anonya. Ifilimu yaboniswa ngoko iqela labantwana. Emva koko, abantwana bavunyelwe ukuba badlale ekamelweni elinesibindi saseBobo.
Abo babonayo ifilimu enobugcisa obunobundlobongela babedla ukubetha idonki, ukuxelisa izenzo kunye namazwi omdala kwisiqeshana sefilimu.
Isifundo sasibalulekile kuba sisuka ekugxininiseni ukuziphatha ukuba yonke imigaqo ilawulwa ngokuqiniswa okanye umvuzo. Abantwana abazange bafumane isikhuthazo okanye inzuzo yokubetha idonki; Baye baxelisa nje ukuziphatha ababekubonayo. I-Bandura ibize le nkalo yokufunda ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye ibonakalisa izixhobo zokufunda ngokugqithiseleyo ukufunda, ukugcinwa, ukuphindaphinda kunye nokukhuthaza.
Umsebenzi weBotura ugxininisa ukubaluleka kweempembelelo zentlalo, kodwa kunye nenkolelo yokulawulwa komntu. "Abantu abanesiqinisekiso esiphakamileyo kwiimpawu zabo ezinzima kunzima njengemingeni yokuba bafunde kakuhle kunokuba bebesongelwe ukukhutshwa," uphakamise .
Ngaba u-Albert Bandura ungumntu oziphatha?
Nangona ezininzi zezifundo zengqondo zenza ingcamango yeBatura kunye nalabo abaziphatha ngokuziphatha, uBotura ngokwakhe uye waqaphela ukuba "... akazange alungele imfundiso yokuziphatha."
Kwanomsebenzi wakhe wokuqala, i-Bandura yathi ukunciphisa ukuziphatha kumjikelezo wokuphendula-mpendulo kwakulula kakhulu. Nangona umsebenzi wakhe wasebenzisa isigama sokuziphatha njengokuthi 'isimo sengqondo' kunye 'nokuqiniswa,' uBurura wachaza, "... ndaziqhelanisa nalezi ziganeko njengento esebenzayo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuqonda."
"Ababhali beetekisi zengqondo baqhubeka behamba ngendlela engafanelekanga kwindlela yokuziphatha," i-Bandura ichazile, ichaza imbono yakhe 'njengentlalo yoluntu.'
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo
I-Bandura ibe ngumlobi omkhulu weencwadi kunye namanqaku eendaba kwimihla engama-60 edluleyo kwaye ngumntu osisigxina esicacisa kakhulu sezempilo.
Ezinye zeencwadi ezaziwa kakhulu zeButura kunye namanqaku eendaba ziye zaba zifundo zakudala ngaphakathi kwengqondo kwaye ziqhubeka zikhankanywe ngokubanzi namhlanje. Ukupapashwa kwakhe kokuqala kobugcisa kwakungumaphepha we-1953 othi "'isisiseko' kunye 'nesibini' ukusikisela" okwakubhalwe kwiNcwadi yeNdlu yeZingqondo nezeNtlalo .
Ngowe-1973, i-Bandura yashicilela i- Aggression: i-Analysis Learning Social , ejolise kwimvelaphi yobundlobongela. Incwadi yakhe ye- Social Learning Theory ye- 1977 yabonisa indlela eyakhekileyo yokufunda indlela abantu bafunda ngayo nangona ukujonga nokubonisa imodeli.
Inqaku lakhe le-1977 elinesihloko esithi "Ukuzibhokoxa: KuyiNgqungquthela Engabonakaliyo Yenguqu Yokuziphatha" yanyatheliswa kwiNgxelo yePhysical and Review . Le nqaku yaba yinkqubo yenkcazo ngokukhawuleza.
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
Umsebenzi kaButura uthathwa njengengxenye yenguqu yokuqonda kwengqondo eqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960. Iingcamango zakhe ziye zaba nefuthe elikhulu kwizengqondo zengqondo , ingqondo yengqondo , imfundo kunye neengqondo zengqondo .
Ngowe-1974, uButura wakhethwa ngumongameli we- American Psychological Association . I-APA yamnikezela ngeminikelo yakhe yezesayensi eyaziwayo ngo-1980 kwaye kwakhona ngo-2004 ngenxa yegalelo lakhe elizeleyo lokuphila kwengqondo.
Namhlanje, i-Bandura idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiyona ingqondo yokuphila kwengqondo kunye nenye yeengcali zengqondo zentsholongwane. Ngo-2015, i-Bandura yanikezelwa nguMongameli weSizwe weNzululwazi nguMongameli uBarack Obama.
> Imithombo:
> Bandura, A. I-Autobiography. UMG Lindzey & WM Runyan (Eds.), Imbali yengqondo kwengqondo kwi-autoography (Vol. IX). IWashington, DC: UMbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika; 2006.
> Lawson, RB, Graham, JE, & Baker, KM. I-History of Psychology. ENew York: uRoutledge; 2015.