U-Ivan Pavlov wayengumzimba waseRussia owaziwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwengqondo ngenxa yokufumanisa imeko yakhe. Ngexesha lokufunda kwakhe kwiinkqubo zokugcoba izinja, uPavlov wachaza ukuba izilwanyana zithatha ngokwemvelo ekuhambisweni kokutya. Nangona kunjalo, waphinde waqaphela ukuba izilwanyana zaqala ukunyaniseka xa zibona iingubo ezimhlophe zelabhu yomncedisi ovavanyo.
Kwakukho ngolu hlobo ukuba uPavlov wafumanisa ukuba ngokudibanisa ukunikezelwa kokutya kunye nomncedisi webhanki, impendulo yemeko yenzeke.
Oku kufumene kwaba nempembelelo ekubuyiseni kwengqondo. I-Pavlov nayo yakwazi ukubonisa ukuba izilwanyana zinokuthi zifakwe kwisimo ukuze zenze isandi kunye nesandi. Ukufunyanwa kwePavlov kwaba nomthelela omkhulu kwabanye abacingayo kuquka noJohn B. Watson kunye negalelo elikhulu ekuphuhliseni isikolo sombono obizwa ngokuba yi-behaviorism.
Hlola ngokubhekisele ubomi buka-Ivan Pavlov kunye nomsebenzi wakhe kule ngcaciso emfutshane.
U-Ivan Pavlov Uyaziwa kakuhle:
- Iimeko eziqhelekileyo
- Uphando ngezobugcisa kunye nokutya.
- 1904 Umvuzo weNobel kwiPhysics.
Ubomi bakhe bokuqala
U-Ivan Petrovich Pavlov wazalwa ngoSeptemba 14, 1849 kwidolophana elincinane eRyazan, eRussia, apho uyise wayengumbingeleli wendawo. Izifundo zakhe zokuqala zazigxile kwi-theology, kodwa ukufunda uCharles Darwin KwiMvelaphi yeeNdlobo kwaye kwaba nefuthe elinamandla kwiminqweno yakhe yesikhathi esizayo.
Kungekudala washiya izifundo zakhe zonqulo waza wazinikela ekufundeni isayensi. Ngowe-1870, waqala ukufunda i-sciences yemvelo kwiYunivesithi yaseSt. Petersberg.
Umsebenzi kaPavlov kunye nokuThatyathwa kweMeko yeClassical
Iziphambili zePavlov kwakuyi-study of physiology kunye nezesayensi zendalo.
Uncedise ukufumana iSebe lePhysicalology kwi-Institute of Medicine yezoVavanyo kwaye waqhubeka nokunyamekela inkqubo kule minyaka engama-45 ezayo.
"Inzululwazi iyimfuneko kumntu bonke ubomi bakhe. Ukuba unobomi babini obungeke bunele wena.
Ngoxa uphando malunga nokusebenza kokugaya izinja, wathi izifundo zakhe ziya kugcina ngaphambi kokunikezelwa kokutya. Kwisiqendu sezilingo ezaziwayo , wazisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngaphambi kokunikezelwa kokutya, ekugqibeleni ukufumanisa ukuba, emva kokuhlanganisana ngokuphindaphindiweyo, inja yayiza kubakho kwi-stimulus ngaphandle kokutya. Wabiza le mpendulo i- reflex condition . I-Pavlov yafumanisa ukuba ezi ngcamango zivela kwi-cortex ye-cerebral yengqondo.
UPavlov wamkela kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe, kubandakanywa ukuqeshwa kuka-1901 kwiSikolo seSayensi saseRussia yeSayensi kunye ne-1904 yeNobel Prize kwi-Physiology. Urhulumente waseSoviet wanikela inkxaso eninzi ngomsebenzi kaPavlov, kwaye i-Soviet Union yadala yaba yiziko eliphambili lophando lwe-physiology.
Wafa ngoFebruwari 27, 1936.
Igalelo elibalulekileyo kwiNzululwazi
Abaninzi ngaphandle kwengqondo beyamangaliswa xa befunda ukuba uPavlov wayengesiye isazi seengqondo.
Akayena nje kuphela yena owayengumdlali weengqondo; Kuthiwa wayengathandanga intsimi yeengqondo . Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wakhe waba nefuthe elikhulu kwintsimi, ngokukodwa ekuphuhliseni ukuziphatha . Ukufunyanwa kwakhe kunye nophando kwiingcamango zathonya ukunyuka kweendlela zokuziphatha, kwaye umsebenzi wakhe wawudla ngokubhaliweyo kwiincwadi zikaJohn B. Watson .
Abanye abaphengululi basebenzisa umsebenzi kaPavlov ekufundeni imeko kunye nesimo sokufunda. Uphando lwakhe luye lwabonisa ubuchule bokufunda indlela yokusingqongileyo kwinjongo, indlela yesayensi .
Khetha i-Ushicilelo ngu-Ivan Pavlov
Enye yeempapasho zePavlov yayingu-1902 itekisi ethi Work of the Digestive Glands , ejolise ekuphandeni kwakhe kwimizimba.
Imisebenzi kamva eyayijolise ekufumaneni kwakhe kwimeko yokufundela ibandakanya i-1927 ethi I- Conditioned Reflexes: Uphando loMsebenzi we-Cerebral Cortex kunye neZifundo kwi-Reflexes enemiqathango: Iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu yeNjongo yokuFundela umsebenzi ophezulu weNzululwazi (ukuziphatha) kwezilwanyana eyapapashwa ngomnyaka omnye.
ILizwi
U-Ivan Pavlov akanakho ukulungelelanisa ubuso beengqondo, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe wawunempembelelo enzulu kunye nehlala njalo kwisayensi yengqondo nokuziphatha. Ukufunyanwa kwakhe kwimeko yeklasi kwakunceda ukusekwa kwesikolo sombono obizwa ngokuba yi-behaviorism. Ndiyabulela umsebenzi weengcamango zokuziphatha ezifana noWatson no-Skinner, ukuziphatha ngokubakho kwavela ekubeni yinto ebalulekileyo ngaphakathi kwengqondo yengqondo ngexesha lesibini yokuqala yenkulungwane yeshumi leminyaka.
> Imithombo:
> Schultz, DP, & Schultz, S. E (Eds.). (2012). Imbali ye-Psychology yanamhlanje. E-Australia eBelmont, CA: Thomson / Wadsworth.
> Todes, DP. Ivan Pavlov: Ubomi baseRussia kwiSayensi. ENew York: iOxford; 2014.