Kwimeko yokufunda , impendulo engavumelekanga yempendulo engafumanekanga eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ngokusabela kwisimo esingaxhaswanga. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ukuvumba kokutya kukuvuselela okungafunekiyo, ivakalelo yendlala ekuphenduleni ukuvumba kokutya yiyo impendulo engavumelekanga.
Ngaba wakha wathintela epeni elitshisayo waza wagxotha isandla sakho emva kwempendulo?
Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza, umzekelo omhle wempendulo engavumelekanga. Kwenzeka ngaphandle kolunye uhlobo lokufunda okanye uqeqesho.
Eminye imizekelo yeempendulo ezingenakunyaniswa ziquka:
- I-Gasping inentlungu emva kokuba igxothwe yizinyosi
- Ukuphosa isandla sakho emva kokuthinta ipeniti elitshisayo kwi-oven
- Ukuhlahlela kwisandi somsindo omkhulu
- Ukutshintshisa umlenze wakho ngokuphendula ugqirha uguqa emadolweni
- Ukukhawuleza ngokuphendula kwisinambitha esimuncu
- Ukujiya emva kwindoda ekhulayo
Kulo mzekelo ungentla, impendulo ivela ngokwemvelo kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo.
Impendulo engaphendulwanga kunye neKlastiki
Ingcamango yempendulo engavumelekanga yatholwa kuqala ngumfundi waseRussia ogama linguIvan Pavlov. Ngethuba lophando lwakhe kwiinkqubo zokugaya iinja zezilwanyana, izilwanyana ekutshekeni kwakhe ziza kuqala ukuphawula xa zisondliwa. UPavlov waphawula ukuba xa i-bell yayilungiswa rhoqo xa izinja zondliwa, izilwanyana zagqitywa ngokuqala ukuphendulwa kwintsimbi yedwa.
Kuvavanyo lukaPavlov lweklasi , ukutya kukumelela into eyaziwa ngokuba yi- stimulus inculus (UCS). UCS ngokwemvelo kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo ibangela impendulo. Izinja zikaPavlov zinyamekela ekuphenduleni ukutya ngumzekelo wempendulo engavumelekanga.
Ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukudibanisa i- stimulus ( isimo sensimbi) ngesantya esingenanto (ukutya), ekugqibeleni izilwanyana zazibandakanya isandi sensimbi kunye nokunikezwa kokutya.
Kule ngongoma, ukukhawuleza ekuphenduleni isandi sensimbi kuyaziwa ngokuba yimpendulo enemeko .
Impendulo engaphendulwanga kunye neenkomfa zokuphendula
Xa uzama ukuhlula phakathi kwempendulo engavumelekanga kunye nempendulo enesimo esifanelekileyo, zama ukugcina izinto ezincinci engqondweni:
- Impendulo engavumelekanga yendalo kwaye ihamba ngokuzenzekelayo
- Impendulo engavumelekanga ingenangqondo kwaye ayifuni ukufunda kwangaphambili
- Impendulo yesimo iya kwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba umbutho uthathwe phakathi kwe-UCS kunye ne-CS
- Impendulo yesimo impendulo efundwayo
Ngokomzekelo, ngokuqhelekileyo udla ukukhawuleza nanini na xa usika anyanisi. Njengoko usenza isidlo sakusihlwa, ujabulela ukuphulaphula umculo kwaye uzithole udlala ingoma enye. Ekugqibeleni, ufumanisa ukuba xa uva ingoma odla ngokuyidlala ngexesha lakho lokudla ukudla, ufumanisa ukuba uyaphupha ngokungalindelekanga. Kulo mzekelo, imiphunga evela kwi-anyanisi imele ukuvuselelwa okungafunekiyo. Ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ngokusemthethweni zibangele impendulo yokukhala, yintoni impendulo engavumelekanga.
Emva kwemibutho emininzi phakathi kwengoma ethile kunye ne-stimulus engavumelekanga, ingoma ngokwayo iqala ukuqalisa iinyembezi.
Ngoko kwenzeka ntoni xa i-stimulus engenakunqunyanyiswayo ayisayi kubhanqa ne-stimulus?
Xa i-stimulus engummiselo iphakanyiswa yodwa ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa okungafunekiyo, iimpendulo ezimiselweyo ziya kugqithisa okanye zinyamalale, into eyaziwa njengekuphela .
Ngovavanyo lukaPavlov, umzekelo, ukubethela intsimbi ngaphandle kokubonisa ukutya ekugqibeleni kwabangela ukuba izinja ziyeke ukukhawuleza ekuphenduleni insimbi. I-Pavlov ifunyenwe, nangona kunjalo, ukuphela kwayo akukhokelela ekufundeni ukubuyela kwiimeko zabo zangaphambili ezingekho phantsi. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuvumela ixesha elidlulayo ngaphambi kokuvuselela ngokukhawuleza ukuvuselelwa kwesimo esifanelekileyo kunokukhokelela ekuphenduleni ngokuzenzekelayo impendulo.
Funda kabanzi malunga nendlela le nkqubo kunye neminye yohlukwano oluphambili phakathi kwendlela yokusebenza yendawo yokudala kunye neyokusebenza .