Isijeziso esifanelekileyo sisigqibo esasetyenziswa kwi- BF Skinner yombono wesimo sokusebenza . Inkqubo yesiluleko esiqinisekileyo isebenza njani na? Injongo yaluphina uhlobo lohlwayo kukunciphisa ukuziphatha oku kulandelayo. Kwimeko yesigwebo esifanelekileyo, kubandakanya ukuveza isiphumo okanye isiganeko esingathandekiyo emva kwesenzo esingathandekiyo.
Ngamanye amagama, xa isifundo senza isenzo esingathandekiyo, uhlobo oluthile lwesiphumo esibi lusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngoko ukuba uqeqesha inja yakho ukuyeka ukuhlafuna kwii-slippers zakho ezizithandayo, unokwenza isilwanyana rhoqo xa usibamba i-gnawing kwiifatthi zakho. Ngenxa yokuba inja ibonisa ukuziphatha okungafunekiyo (ukukhangela izihlangu zakho), usetyenzise isiphumo esiphezulu (ukunika inja ukutshitshiswa kwemizwi).
Ingcamango yesijeziso esilungileyo ingaba nzima ukuyikhumbula, ingakumbi kuba kubonakala ngathi iphikisana. Sinokufumana njani isohlwayo? Indlela elula yokuyikhumbula le ngqalelo kukuphawula ukuba kuququzelele ukuvuselela okuvakalayo kwongezwa kwimeko. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isijeziso esilungileyo ngamanye amaxesha sibizwa ngokuba sisijeziso ngesicelo.
U mzekelo
Unokumangaliswa ukuphawula imimiselo yesijeziso esilungileyo kwimpilo yakho yemihla ngemihla. Umzekelo:
- Unxiba ikhefu yakho yebhola yebhola ekwenzeni iklasi kodwa uyayicelwa ngumqeqeshi wakho ngokuphula idilesi yokugqoka yesikolo sakho.
- Ngenxa yokuba usuphelile ukusebenzela omnye ekuseni, uqhube umda wesantya kwisantya esikolweni. Ngenxa yoko, ufunyanwa ngepolisa kwaye ufumana ithikithi.
- Ifowuni yakho ikhonkco phakathi kwintetho yeklasi, kwaye utyholwa nguTitshala wakho ukuba ungayiguquli ifowuni phambi kweklasi.
Ngaba unokufumanisa imimiselo yesijeziso esilungileyo? Utitshala ekumangalela ngokuphula i-code yokugqoka, igosa elikhupha ithikithi elikhawulezayo, kwaye utitshala uyakugxeka ukuba ungagcini ifowuni yakho ilungile.
Bamele imithwalo ye-stimuli enokuthi yenzelwe ukunciphisa ukuziphatha abayilandelayo.
Kuyo yonke imimiselo engentla, isijeziso esilungileyo silawulwa ngabanye ngomnye umntu. Nangona kunjalo, isohlwayo esinokuthi sinokuthi senzeke njengesiphumo semvelo. Ukuthinta isitofu eshisayo okanye into ebukhali kunokubangela ukulimala okubuhlungu okusebenza njengabagwenxa abanemvelo ngokuziphatha. Ngenxa yokuba uye waba nemiphumo emibi ngenxa yesimo sakho sokuziphatha, unokuba lula ukubandakanyeka kwezo zenzo kwakhona kwixesha elizayo.
Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza
Nangona isohlwayo esinokuthi sinokusebenza kwezinye iimeko, uBF Skinner waphawula ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka kulinganiswe nayiphi na imiphumo emibi. Enye yemimiselo eyaziwa kakhulu yezohlwayo ezintle iyaphala. Ukuchazwa nje ngokubetha umntwana emacaleni athatho ngesandla esilula, le ndlela yokuqeqesha ichazwa ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-75 yabazali e-United States.
Abanye abaphandi bacebise ukuba ukunyuka okubamnene, okubanjwe ngamathuba athile akulimazi, ngakumbi xa kusetyenziswa kunye nezinye iindlela zokuqeqesha. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-meta-analysis enkulu yocwaningo lwangaphambili, u-Elizabeth Gershoff wezengqondo wafumanisa ukuba ukudibanisa kwakunxulumene nobudlelwane obubi bomzali nabantwana kwakunye nokunyuka kokuziphatha okungahambisani nokuziphatha, ukugqwetha, nokugwenxa.
Uphando olutshanje olulawulwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphazamisayo zifumene neziphumo ezifanayo.
Nangona isijeziso esilungileyo sisebenzise, iingcali ezininzi zicebise ukuba ezinye iindlela zokusebenza kwezimo zihlala zisebenza ngokugqithiseleyo ekutshintsheni iziphatho kwixesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide. Mhlawumbi kubaluleke kakhulu, ezininzi zezinye iindlela ziza ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi yezohlwayo ezilungileyo.
> Imithombo:
> Gershoff, ET ET Ukwahlwaywa kweNkathazo ngokuBambisana kwabantwana abaHlangeneyo kunye namava: I-Meta-Analysis kunye noVavanyo loBuchule. I-Psychological Bulletin , 128, 539-579. 2002.
> Hockenbury, D., & Hockenbury, SE Ukufumanisa i-Psychology. ENew York, NY: Abaxabisi abafanelekileyo. 2007.
> Taylor, CA, Manganello, JA, Lee, SJ, & Rice, i-JC yabantwana baka-3 abaneminyaka engama-3 ubudala kunye neengozi eziqhubekayo zokuziphatha kwabantwana. Iingcali 125 (5): e1057-65. 2010.
> Skinner, BF malunga nokuziphatha. ENew York: i-Knopf. 1974.