Ziyimpembelelo yintoni iishedyuli zokuqiniswa ekufundeni?
Isimo sokusebenza yinkqubo yokufunda apho iimpawu ezintsha zifunyanwa kwaye ziguqulwa nangona zibandakanya iziphumo. Ukuqiniswa kokuziphatha kukhulisa amathuba okuba kuza kwenzeka kwakhona ngelixa elizayo, ngelixa ukugweba ukuziphatha kunciphisa amathuba okuphindaphindiweyo. Kwimeko yokusebenza , iishedyuli zokuqiniswa ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokufunda.
Ngethuba liphi na kaninzi ukuqinisa ukuziphatha kunokuba negalelo elikhulu kumandla kunye nomyinge weempendulo.
Yintoni iShedyuli yoQinisekiso?
Ngoko ke yintoni na ishedyuli yokuqiniswa kwaye isebenza njani kwinkqubo yokumisa? Ishedyuli yokuqiniswa ngokusemthethweni ngumgaqo ochaza ukuba iziphi iziganeko zokuziphatha ziya kuqiniswa. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuziphatha kunokuqiniswa rhoqo xa kwenzeka.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuziphatha akunako ukuqiniswa konke.
Ukuqinisekiswa okuqinisekileyo okanye ukuqiniswa okungalunganga kunokusetyenziswa, kuxhomekeke kwimeko. Kwimeko zombini, injongo yokuqiniswa ihlala iqinisa ukuziphatha nokunyusa amathuba okuba iphinde ibuyeke kwakhona kwixesha elizayo.
Unokuvakalelwa ngakumbi kangcono ngendlela iishedyuli zokuqiniswa ngayo zisebenza ngokucinga ngendlela ukufunda kwenzeka ngayo kwiimeko zokufunda eziqhelekileyo kunye nezimo eziqeqeshwe ngokubanzi.
Kwizicwangciso zehlabathi zangempela, ukuziphatha akuyi kuqiniswa rhoqo rhoqo. Kwiimeko apho uzama ukuzama ukuqeqesha nokuqinisa isenzo, njengakwiklasini, kwimidlalo, okanye ekuqeqesheni kwezilwanyana, unokukhetha ukulandela ishedyuli ethile yokuqinisa.
Njengoko uza kubona ngezantsi, ezinye iishedyuli zifanelekile kwiintlobo ezithile zeemeko zoqeqesho. Kwezinye iimeko, uqeqesho lungafuna ukuqala ngeeshedyuli enye kwaye uguqule kwelinye xa ukuziphatha okufunayo kufundiswe. Iishedyuli ezithile zokuqiniswa zingasebenza ngakumbi kwiimeko ezithile.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zehedyuli yokuqinisa:
Iishedyuli zokuQinisa
Ekuqinisekisweni okuqhubekayo, ukuziphatha okufunayo kuqiniswa rhoqo xa kwenzeka. Le shedyuli isetyenziswe kakuhle ngexesha lokuqala lokufunda ukwenzela ukudala ubudlelwane obuqili phakathi kokuziphatha kunye nempendulo.
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba uzama ukufundisa inja ukugubha isandla sakho. Ngexesha lokuqala lokufunda, mhlawumbi unamathele kwishedyuli eqhubekayo ukuze ufundise kwaye umise ukuziphatha. Ungase uqale ngokubamba isilwanyana se-animal, uqhube isishukumisi sokuthi, "Shake," uze unikele umvuzo ngamnye rhoqo xa wenza lolandelelwano lwamanyathelo. Ekugqibeleni, inja iya kuqala ukwenza isenzo ngokwayo, kwaye unako ukukhetha ukuqhubeka nokuqinisa yonke impendulo echanekileyo kuze kubekho ukuziphatha kakuhle.
Emva kokuba impendulo ifakwe ngokuqinileyo, ukuqiniswa ngokuqhelekileyo kushintshelwe kwishedyuli yokuqinisa.
IiShedyuli zokuQinisekisa ngokuKhethekileyo
Ukuqinisekiswa ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokukhawuleza, impendulo iqiniswe kuphela inxalenye yexesha . Ukuziphatha okufundiweyo kufumaneka ngokuthe ngcembe ngokunyanzeliswa ngokukodwa, kodwa impendulo iyanqabana nokupheliswa .
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ngomzekelo wethu wangaphambili apho uqeqeshe inja ukugubha. Nangona uqale usebenzise ishedyuli eqhubekayo, ukuqiniswa kwimeko nganye yokuziphatha akunakuze kube njalo. Ekugqibeleni, unokwenza isigqibo sokutshintshela kwishedyuli esincinci apho unikeza ukuqiniswa emva kokuba ezininzi iimpendulo zenzeka okanye emva kwexesha elininzi liye laphela.
Kukho iishedyuli ezine zokuqiniswa ngokukodwa:
Iishedyuli ze -Fixed-ratio zizo ezo mpendulo ezomelezwa kuphela emva kweqela elithile leempendulo. Le shedyuli ivelisa umlinganiselo ophezulu, ozinzileyo wokuphendula ngesithuba esifutshane emva kokuhanjiswa kwe-reinforcer. Umzekelo weshedyuli esimalathisi-mali uza kuhambisa ipliti yokutya kwi-rat emva kokuba ucinezela ibha kathathu.
Iishedyuli zeerhafu ziyahluka xa impendulo iqiniswa emva kwenani elingapheliyo leempendulo. Eli shedyuli lidala izinga eliphezulu lokuphendula. Ukugembula kunye nemidlalo yeLotto yimizekelo emihle yomvuzo esekelwe kwishedyuli yohlobo olutshintshayo. Kwimeko yokubheja, oku kungabandakanya ukuhambisa iipilisi zokutya kwi-rat emva kokushicilela ibha enye, kwakhona emva kwee-press ezine zebar, kunye ne-pellet yesithathu emva kokushicilelwa kweebini ezimbini.
Iishedyuli zexesha elizinzileyo yilapho apho impendulo yokuqala ihlawulwa kuphela emva kokuba ixesha elithile lifikile. Le shedyuli ibangela inani eliphezulu lokuphendula kufuphi nokuphela kwexesha, kodwa ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhanjiswa kwe-reinforcer. Umzekelo wale ndawo kwindawo yokubeka ibhanki yayiza kuqinisa i-rat kunye ne-lab pellet ye-bar yokuqala yokushicilela emva kwexesha lesibini le-30 lidlule.
Iishedyuli zexesha eliguqukayo ziyavela xa impendulo ivuzwa emva kokuba ixesha elingapheliyo lexesha lidlule. Le shedyuli ivelisa isantya esicothayo, esifanelekileyo sempendulo. Umzekelo wale nto uza kuhambisa ipiliti yokutya kwi-rat emva kokushicilela ibha yokuqala emva kwexesha elilodwa lomzuzu, enye iplelet yempendulo yokuqala emva kwexesha elifutshane lemitha emihlanu, kunye ne-third feed epletle yokuphendula emva kokuqala imitha emithathu.
Ukhetha njani iShedyuli yoQinisekiso?
Ukugqiba ixesha lokuqinisa ukuziphatha kunokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi. Kwiimeko apho uzama ngokukodwa ukufundisa indlela entsha yokuziphatha, ishedyuli eqhubekayo ngokuqhelekileyo yinto ekhethekileyo.
Emva kokuba ufunde ukuziphatha, ukutshintshela kwishedyuli esincinci kudla ngokukhethekileyo.
Ubomi bemihla ngemihla, iishedyuli zincinci zokuqiniswa zivela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokuba ziqhubeke. Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba ufumane uhlobo oluthile lomvuzo rhoqo xa ubonisa ukusebenza ngexesha. Kunoko, loo mivuzo ihlala ikhutshwe kwinqanaba elincinci elincinci lokuqinisekiswa. Akunjalo nje kuphela ezi shedyuli kwaye zilula ukuzalisekisa, nazo zivame ukuvelisa amazinga aphezulu aphenduleyo ngelixa zingenakwenzeka ukuba ziphele.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuqinisa indlela yokuziphatha rhoqo xa kwenzekayo kunzima kwaye kufuna ukuba ingqalelo enkulu kunye nezixhobo. Iishedyuli zengxenye azikho nje ukukhokelela ekuziphatheni ezinokumelana nokupheliswa, nazo zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuba isifundo siza kuhluthwa. Ukuba isetyenziso esisetyenzisiweyo asisayikuthandayo okanye sivuze, umxholo ungayiyeka ukwenza ukuziphatha okufunayo.
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba uzama ukufundisa inja ukuba ihlale. Ukuba usebenzisa ukutya njengomvuzo, inja inokuyeka ukuyenza isenzo xa izele. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, into efana nodumo okanye ingqwalaselo ingaba yimpumelelo.
ILizwi
Isimo sokusebenza singasisityebi esinamandla sokufunda. Ishedyuli yokuqiniswa esetyenziswayo ngexesha loqeqesho kunye nokugcinwa kwenkqubo inokuchaphazela ngokukhawuleza indlela yokuziphatha efunyenwe ngayo, amandla okuphendula, kunye nendlela yokuziphatha ebonakaliswa ngayo rhoqo. Ukuze kuchongwe ukuba yeyiphi ihedyuli ekhethwayo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zolu hlobo kubandakanya uhlobo lokuziphatha olufundiswayo kunye nohlobo lokuphendula olufunekayo.
> Imithombo:
> Cooper, J, Heron, T, & Heward, W. Applied Behavior Analysis . ENew Jersey: i-Pearson Education; 2007.
> Nevid, JS. Izinto ezibalulekileyo zeengqondo: Iingcamango kunye nezicelo. IBoston, MA: UkuFunda kweCengage; 2016.