U-Edward Thorndike wayengumbhali weengqondo ochaphazelayo odla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngumsekeli weengqondo zezemfundo zanamhlanje. Mhlawumbi wayeyaziwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngebhokisi lakhe elidumiweyo lebhokisi lezilwanyana eziye zaholela ekuphuhlisweni komthetho wakhe wokusebenza.
Isimiselo seTrirndike sibonisa ukuba iimpendulo ezithathwe ngokukhawuleza ziyakuthi zenzeke kwixesha elizayo.
Umthetho wesiphumo uphakamisa ukuba iziphatho ezilandelwa ukunganeliseki okanye ukungazinzi ziya kuba nzima ukuba zenzeke. Umgaqo weTrirndike uphinde waba nendima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni ukuziphatha nokuziphatha kweBF Skinner.
Eyaziwa kakhulu
- Umthetho Wempembelelo
- Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa nguyise weengqondo zezemfundo zanamhlanje
- Uphando lwezilwanyana
- Imfundiso ye-Trial-and-error of learning
Ukuzalwa nokufa
- U Edward Lee Thorndike wazalwa ngo-Agasti 31, 1874 eWilliamsburg, eMassachusetts.
- Wafa ngo-Agasti 9, 1949.
Ubomi bokuqala
U-Edward Thorndike wayengunyana womfundisi waseMethodist waza wakhula eMassachusetts. Ngethuba wayengumfundi ophumelele kakhulu, ekuqaleni wayengathandanga inkambo yakhe yokuqala yengqondo. Njengabanye abaninzi beengqondo zexesha lakhe, umdlalo weTrirndike kwi-psychology wanda emva kokufunda incwadi yeklasi ye -Principles of Psychology kaWilliam James .
Xa waphumelela kwiYunivesithi yaseWesleyan ngo-1895 kunye ne-bachelor degree of science, uTrrndike wabhalisa kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard ukufunda iincwadi zesiNgesi nesiFrentshi.
Ngethuba le-semester yakhe yokuqala, ke, wathatha isifundo sengqondo esasifundiswa nguWilliam James kunye nesibini sesithathu, wagqiba ekubeni atshintshe ukugxininisa ekufundeni kwengqondo. Kamva wabuyela eYunivesithi yase-Columbia apho wafunda khona phantsi kwesikhokelo sengqondo kwengqondo uJames McKeen Cattell .
Emva kokufumana yakhe Ph.D. e-Columbia ngo-1898, uTrrndike wachaza ngokufutshane njengoProfesa oNcedisayo wePedagogy kwi-Case Western Reserve University. Ngonyaka we-1900, uTyrndike watshata no-Elizabeth Moulton. Emva koko wathatha umsebenzi njengoprofesa wezesengqondweni kwiKholeji yeeTitshala kwi-University of Columbia apho wayeya kuqhubeka efundisa khona yonke imisebenzi yakhe.
Umsebenzi weTrirndike kunye neengcamango
I-Thorndike mhlawumbi iyaziwa ngokuba yinto ebizwa ngokuba ngumthetho wempembelelo, eyaphuma kwiphulo lakhe malunga nendlela iikati zifunda ngayo ukuphuma kwiibhokisi ze-puzzle. Ngokomthetho wempembelelo, iimpendulo ezithathwe ngokukhawuleza ngesiphumo esonelisayo zihambelana kakhulu kunye neemeko kwaye ngoko ke ziyakwenzeka kwakhona kwakhona kwixesha elizayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iimpendulo ezilandelwa ziziphumo ezingalunganga zidibanisa kakhulu kwaye zingenakuncipha ukuba zihlale zizayo.
Njengoko unokucinga, lo mgaqo waba nefuthe elinamandla ekuphuhliseni isikolo sokuziphatha sengqondo. Inkqubo yokusebenza kwenkqubo ye-Skinner incike kulo mgaqo, njengoko iimpawu ezilandelwa ziziphumo ezinqwenelekayo zomelezwa ngelixa ezo zilandelwa ziziphumo ezingathandekiyo zibuthathaka.
Igalelo lakhe kwengqondo
Ngomsebenzi wakhe kunye neengcamango, i-Thorndike yaxhamla ngokuqinileyo kwisikolo saseMelika sokucinga esaziwa ngokuthi yimisebenzi.
Ezinye iingcamango ezibonakalayo zibandakanya uHarvey Carr, uJames Rowland Angell noJohn Dewey . I-Thorndike iphinda ibizwa ngokuba nguyise weengqondo zezemfundo zanamhlanje kwaye yanyathelisa iincwadi ezininzi ngezifundo.
U-Thorndike wakhethwa ngumongameli we- American Psychological Association ngowe-1912 waza waba ngenye yeengcali zengqondo zokuqala ukuba zingeniswe kwiSizwe seSizwe seSayensi ngo-1917. Namhla, iTrrndike mhlawumbi ikhunjulwa ngokutsha kwezilwanyana zakhe ezidumile kunye nomthetho wokusebenza.
Okushicilelwe ngu-Edward Thorndike
- I-Psychology yezemfundo , (1903)
- Isingeniso kwiNkolelo yeMilinganiselo yengqondo neNtlalo , (1904)
- Izixhobo zengqondo , (1905)
- Intelligence yezilwanyana , (1911)
- Ukulinganiswa koBulumko , (1927)
- Iimfuno zokuFunda , (1932)
Imithombo:
> Ukuqhafaza, ii-UP Pioneers of Psychology . ENew York: WW Norton & Inkampani; 1996.