UJohn B. Watson wayengumbhali weengqondo owaphayona indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni ukuziphatha . UWatson ukholelwa ukuba ukuziphatha kwengqondo kubaluleke ngokukodwa ukuziphatha kwezesayensi. Uyakhunjuzwa ngophando lwakhe kwinkqubo yokumisa imeko , kunye novavanyo lwe-Little Albert, apho wabonisa ukuba umntwana unokwimeko yokwesaba ukuvuselela kwangaphambili.
Uphando lwakhe luye lwabonisa ukuba loloyiko luya kufakwa kwezinye izinto ezifanayo.
Obomi bakwangoko
UJohn B. Watson wazalwa ngoJanuwari 9, 1878, waza wakhula eMzantsi Carolina. Nangona kamva wachaza njengomfundi ohluphekileyo, wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseFurman eneminyaka eyi-16. Emva kokugqiba iminyaka emihlanu kamva nge-degree degree, waqala ukufunda i-psychology kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago, efumana i-Ph.D. kwizengqondo ngo-1903.
Umsebenzi
UWatson waqala ukufundisa ingqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseYohn Hopkins ngo-1908. Ngo-1913, wanikeza isifundo semfundo kwi-University of Columbia ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Psychology njengoMbono woLuntu," echaza ngokucacileyo isikhundla sokuziphatha.
Ngokutsho kukaWatson, ingqondo yengqondo kufuneka ibe yenzululwazi yokuziphatha okubonakalayo.
"I-Psychology njengendlela yokuziphatha ijonga ukuba yinkampani yezilwanyana yemvelo yenzalo eyona njongo." Injongo yayo yokufunda i-prediction and control of behavior. oko bazibolekisa ekuchazeni ngokuphathelele ukuqonda. "- UJohn B. Watson," I-Psychology njengendlela yokuziphatha, "1913
I-"Little Little"
Kulo lwazi lwakhe oludumileyo nolulubangelwayo , olwaziwa namhlanje njengoluvavanyo oluthile lwe- "Little Albert" , uJohn Watson kunye nomncedisi ophumeleleyo ogama lakhe linguRosalie Rayner belungiselela umntwana omncinci ukuba abe noyiko lomhlophe. Bakwenza oku ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokubhanqa i-rat emhlophe ngomsindo omkhulu, okhwankqisayo.
Baye bakwazi ukubonisa ukuba loloyiko luya kufakwa kwezinye izinto ezimhlophe, ezinomlilo. Iimpawu zokuziphatha zivame ukugxeka namhlanje, ingakumbi kuba ukwesaba komntwana akuzange kubekwe.
Ngo-2009, abaphandi bakwazi ukuchaza u-Little Albert njengenkwenkwana egama linguDouglas Merritte. Ukubuza into eyenzeka kumntwana wayenomdla kumashumi eminyaka. Ngokudabukisayo, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba umntwana wafa eneminyaka engama-6 e-hydrocephalus, imeko yezokwelapha apho i-fluid yakha ngaphakathi kwintayi.
Ngo-2012, abaphandi babonisa ubungqina bokuthi uMerritte ubandezeleka ngeengxaki zeengqondo ngexesha le-Little Albert ukuzama kwaye u-Watson angaba wayengazi ngokucacileyo le nkwenkwe ngokuthi "inempilo" kunye "noluntu" olusana.
Ukushiya i-Academia
UWatson wahlala eYunivesithi yaseYohn Hopkins de kube ngo-1920. Wayenomdla noRayner, waqhawula umfazi wakhe wokuqala, waza wabuzwa yunivesithi ukuba ashiye isikhundla sakhe. UWatson wada watshata noRayner kunye naba babini bahlala kunye de wafa ngo-1935. Emva kokushiya isikhundla sakhe, uWatson waqala ukusebenza kwi-arhente yokukhangisa apho wahlala khona wada wahlala umhlala-phantsi ngo-1945.
Ngethuba lokugqibela lobomi bakhe, ubudlelwane obubuhle bukaWatson kunye nabantwana bakhe buyaqhubeka bubi kakhulu.
Wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela ehlala ubomi obuhlala efama e Connecticut. Kungekudala ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ngoSeptemba 25, 1958, watshisa ezininzi iimpapasho zakhe neencwadi zakhe ezinganyathelwanga.
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
UWatson ubeke isigaba sokuziphatha, okwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ukulawula i-psychology. Nangona ukuziphatha kwaqala ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi walo emva kowe-1950, ezininzi iingcamango nemigaqo zisetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje. Ukuguqulwa kwemiqathango kunye nokuziphatha kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiyeza kunye nokuqeqeshwa kokuziphatha ukubanceda abaxhasi batshintshe iimpawu ezinengxaki nokuphuhlisa izakhono ezintsha.
Impumelelo kunye neMigangatho
Iimpumelelo zexesha likaMartha kunye neembasa ziquka:
- 1915-Wayekhonza njengomongameli we- American Psychological Association (APA)
- Ngo-1919-Ishicilelwe "I-Psychology Kusuka Kwindlela Yokuziphatha"
- 1925-Ipapashwe "Ukuziphatha"
- Ngo-1928-Ipapashwe "Ukunyamekela kwengqondo yengane kunye nomntwana"
- Ngo-1957-Yamkela i-APA's award for contributions to psychology
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo
Nazi ezinye zeemisebenzi zikaWatson zokufunda okuqhubekayo:
- Watson JB. I-Psychology njengoMbono woLuntu. Ku: I-CD eyi-Green, ed. Iiklasiki kwi-History of Psychology. Ukuphononongwa kwengqondo . 1913; 20: 158-177.
- UWatson JB, uRayner R. Umoya Wempendulo. Ku: I-CD eyi-Green, ed. Iiklasiki kwi-History of Psychology. Umbhalo weNzululwazi yengqondo. 1920; 3 (1): 1-14.
Quote eyaziwayo
"Ndiphe amantombazana aphilileyo aphilileyo, aphethwe kakuhle, kunye nehlabathi lam elichaziweyo ukuba ndilethe kulo kwaye ndiya kuqinisekisa ukuba ndiza kuthatha nabani na ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye ndimqeqeshe ukuba abe yintoni na uhlobo lweengcali endinokukhetha-ugqirha, igqwetha, umculi , umthengisi-ntloko, kwaye, ewe, nokuba ngumceli-indoda kunye nesela, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iitalente zakhe, izilwanyana, ukuthambekela, ubuchule, izakhono, kunye nohlanga lwabawo. Ndiya ngaphaya kwezinto zam kwaye ndiyakuvuma, kodwa kunjalo bathetha ngokuchasene kwaye baye benza oko kumawaka amaninzi eminyaka. " -Yohane B. Watson, "Ukuziphatha," 1925
> Imithombo
- > Watson JB. Ukuziphatha. ENew York: I-Company ye-Institute Publishing Company; 1925.
- > Watson JB. I-Psychology njengoMbono woLuntu. Ku: I-CD eyi-Green, ed. Iiklasiki kwi-History of Psychology. Ukuphononongwa kwengqondo . 1913; 20: 158-177.