I-self-determination theory ibonisa ukuba abantu bayakhuthazwa ukuba bakhule kwaye batshintshe ngeemfuno zeengqondo ezingenangqondo. Iingcamango zichaza iimfuno ezintathu eziphambili zengqondo ezikholelwa ukuba zinezizathu ezingenasimo kunye neyendalo yonke:
- Isidingo sokwazi
- Isidingo sokuxhuma
- Isidingo sokuzimela
Ingqiqo yokukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi, okanye ukwenza izinto ngokuzikhethela yona, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-theory yokuzikhethela.
Inyiyo yokuzikhethela: Ukujonga okufutshane
Iingcali zeengqondo u-Edward Deci noRichard Ryan bahlakulela ingcamango yokhuthazo ebonisa ukuba abantu bathambekele ekuqhutyweni yimfuneko yokukhula nokuzaliseka. Inkolelo yokuqala yokuziphendulela yinto yokuba abantu bangumsebenzi ojoliswe ekukhuleni. Ukufumana ubunzima kwimingeni nokuthatha amava amatsha kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni ingqiqo yokuzimela.
Nangona abantu bevame ukukhuthazwa ukuba benze ngeembuyekezo zangaphandle ezifana nemali, umvuzo, kunye nokuzibonga (eyaziwa njenge- motivation extrinsic ), i-self-determination theory ijolise ngokukodwa kwimithombo yangaphakathi yezizathu ezifana nesidingo sokufumana ulwazi okanye ukuzimela (okubizwa ngokuba yi- intrinsic motivation ).
Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo wokuzimela, abantu kufuneka bazive oku kulandelayo ukuze bafezeke ukukhula kwengqondo:
- Ukhuphiswano: Abantu kufuneka bazuze imisebenzi kwaye bafunde izakhono ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukuqhagamshelana okanye ukuxhamla: Abantu kufuneka babe nolwazi lokuba ngabanye kunye nokunamathiselwe kwabanye abantu.
- Ukuzimela: Abantu kufuneka bazive bephethe ukuziphatha kwabo kunye neenjongo.
U-Deci noRyan bacebisa ukuba xa abantu beva ezi zinto zintathu, bayazimelela kwaye banako ukunyanzeliswa ukuba benze izinto ezithandayo.
Indlela yokuSebenza ngokuzikhethela
Ngaba abantu bahamba njani ngokufezekisa le mfuno emithathu?
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukukhula kwengqondo okuchazwe yi-self-determination theory akukwenzeka nje ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngelixa abantu banokuthi baqhelane nokukhula okunjalo, kufuna ukuba zihlale zondliwa. Ngokutsho kukaDeci noRyan, inkxaso yentlalo yintloko. Ngobudlelwane bethu kunye nokusebenzisana nabanye, sinokubangela okanye siphumelele ukuhlala kakuhle kunye nokukhula komntu.
Ziziphi ezinye izinto ezinokukunceda okanye zokuphazamisa izinto ezintathu ezifunekayo ekukhuleni?
Ngokutsho kukaDeci, ukunika abantu umvuzo wokuba uziphatha ngokusesikweni kungasichaza ukuzimela. Njengoko ukuziphatha kuqhubeka ngokulawulwa yimiphumo yangaphandle, abantu baqala ukuziva bengaphantsi kokuziphatha kwabo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwangaphakathi kuncipha.
U-Deci uphakamisa nokuba ukukhuthaza isikhuthazo esingalindelekanga kunye nengxelo yomsebenzi womntu kumsebenzi unokunyusa ukukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba loo ngxelo ibancedisa abantu ukuba bazive banokufaneleka, esinye sezidingo eziphambili zokukhula komntu.
Iingqalelo malunga ne-Self-Determination Theory
- "I-SDT iqala ngokuvuma ukuba bonke abantu banokwenyama, abanamathemba, nabakhayo abanokuzihlakulela ukuqonda okubaluleke kakhulu kunye nokuzibandakanya." Oko kukuthi, sicinga ukuba abantu banomdla wokubambisana phakathi kwimiba yabo yengqondo. kunye nabanye abantu kunye namaqela kwiindawo zabo zentlalo. "
(UDeci noRyan, 2002)
- "Iimeko zentlalo zingenza, ngokubhekiselele kulo mbono, ziququzelele kwaye zikwazi ukukhuthaza ukukhula nokuhlanganiswa kwezibonelelo ezidalwa ngumntu, okanye ziphazamise, zidibanise kwaye zihlukane ngezi nkqubo ezibangelwa ziziphathamandla kunye namava angaphakathi angamacandelo omnyama buntwini. "
(UDeci noRyan, 2002)
Funda kabanzi malunga nezinye iingcamango zokukhuthaza .
Imithombo
Deci, EL Imiphumo yomvuzo wangaphandle okhuthazayo. Umbhalo woBuntu kunye neNzululwazi yeNtlalo. 1971; 18: 105-115.
Deci, EL, & Ryan, i-RM Isizathu sokuzimela kunye nokuzimisela ekuziphatheni komntu. ENew York: iPlenum; 1985.
Deci, EL, & Ryan, RM "Yintoni" kunye "nantoni" yezinto ezijoliswe kuzo: Iimfuno zabantu kunye nokuzimisela ukuziphatha. UCwaningo lweengqondo. 2000; 11: 227-268.
Deci, ED, & Ryan, RM Handbook yokuzimisela ukuzimisela. ENew York: IYunivesithi yaseRochester Press; 2002.
URyan, RM, & Deci, EL (2000). I-self-determination theory kunye nokuququzelela ukukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi, uphuhliso loluntu kunye nentlalo-ntle. I-Psychologist yaseMerika .. 2000 ; 55: 68-78.