Kwimeko yokusebenza, ishedyuli yexesha elimiselweyo ishedyuli yokuqiniswa apho impendulo yokuqala ivuzwa kuphela emva kwexesha elithile elidlulileyo. Le shedyuli ibangela inani eliphezulu lokuphendula kufuphi nokuphela kwexesha kodwa ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhanjiswa kwe-reinforcer.
Njengoko uyakhumbula, imeko yokusebenza ixhomekeke ekuqinisekiseni okanye ekugwetyweni ukuqinisa okanye ukunciphisa impendulo.
Le nkqubo yokufunda iquka ukwenza umbutho kunye nokuziphatha kunye nemiphumo yaloo mfanelo. Iziphumo ezilandelwa ziziphumo ezinqwenelekayo zomelela kwaye ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba ziphinde zenzeke kwakhona kwixesha elizayo. Izenzo ezilandelwa ziziphumo ezingathandekiyo ziba nzima ukuba zenzeke kwakhona kwixesha elizayo.
Kwakuyi-psychologist eyaziwayo uBF Skinner oye wachaza okokuqala inkqubo ye-conditioning operation. Ngokuqinisa izenzo, waqaphela, ezo zenzo zaqina. Ngenxa yokuziphatha kakubi, nangona kunjalo, ezo ntshukumo ziya buthathaka. Ukongezelela kule nkqubo eyintloko, waphinda waqaphela ukuba izinga apho iziphathamandla zazingqiniswa okanye zihlawulwe nazo zadlala indima kwindlela yokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye namandla aloo mpendulo.
Ishedyuli eSebenzileyo yeShedyuli isebenza njani?
Ukuze siqonde kangcono indlela ishedyuli yexesha elimisiweyo lisebenza ngayo, makhe siqale ngokujonga ngokuthe ngqo kwikota ngokwayo.
Ishedyuli ibhekisela kwisantya apho ukuqinisekiswa kuhanjiswa khona okanye ukuba impendulo iphinda iqiniswe kangakanani. Ixesha libhekisela kwixesha elithile, elibonisa ukuba izinga lokunikezelwa lixhomekeke ekubeni ixesha elide lidlulileyo. Ekugqibeleni, ichanekileyo ibonisa ukuba ixesha lokunikezelwa lisetyenziswe kwishedyuli eqikelelweyo kwaye ingatshintshiyo.
Ngokomzekelo, cingela ukuba uqeqeshe ijuba ukuba lifake ngundoqo. Ubeka isilwanyana kwisithuba se-30 se-fixed (FI-30), oko kuthetha ukuba intaka iya kufumana i-pellet yokutya nganye imizuzwana engama-30. Ijuba liyakwazi ukuqhubeka likhupha iqhosha ngeli xesha lithuba kodwa liza kufumana ukuqiniswa kokuqala kwepek yitshixo emva kokuba ixesha elide elinesigxina se-30 lidlulile.
Iimpawu
Kukho impawu ezimbalwa zeshedyuli echanekileyo yexesha elenza ukuba lihluke. Ezinye zezi zinto zinokubonwa njengeenzuzo, ngelixa ezinye zingabonwa njengeengxaki.
- Iiphumo liyimpembelelo emva kwexesha lokuqinisa ukuphendula
- Iimpendulo zivame ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza njengoko ixesha lokuqiniswa lisondela
Ingxaki enkulu kulolu hlobo lweshedyuli kukuba ukuziphatha kubonakala kuvele kuphela ngaphambi kokuqiniswa. Ukuba umfundi uyazi ukuba kuya kuba noviwo ngalunye ngoLwesihlanu, unokuqala ukufunda ngoLwesine ebusuku. Ukuba umntwana uyazi ukuba ufumana isibonelelo sakhe ngeCawa ngelixa igumbi lakhe lihlambulukile, mhlawumbi akayi kucoca igumbi lakhe kude kube ngoMgqibelo ebusuku. Izinga lokuphendula lilungelelanisekile, kodwa liyakwanda njengoko ixesha lokuqinisa lifika kwaye lihlahla ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqiniswa.
U mzekelo
Kunokuba luncedo ukujonga imimiselo embalwa eyahlukileyo yenkqubo yexesha elidityanisiweyo ukwenzela ukuba uqonde ngakumbi ukuba le shedyuli yokuqinisa isebenza njani kwaye yintoni inokuthi ibe nefuthe ekuphatheni.
Iishedyuli eziPhezulu eziKhuselekileyo kwiLeb lokubeka:
- Khawucinge ukuba uqeqesha i-rat ukuze ucinezele i-lever, kodwa uqinisa kuphela impendulo yokuqala emva kwexesha eliyimitha elishumi. I-rat ayicinezeli ibha engaphezulu kwimizuzu emihlanu yokuqala emva kokuqiniswa kodwa iqalisa ukucinezela i-lever ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokusondeleyo ukuba ufike kumanqaku amaminithi ayishumi.
IiShedyuli eziKhuselekileyo zeeNkcukacha kwiLizwe leNqobo:
- Ukuhlawula ngeveki ngumzekelo omhle weshedyuli yexesha elimisiweyo. Umqeshwa ufumana ukuqiniswa rhoqo kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe, ezinokubangela ukuba izinga lokuphendula eliphezulu njengoko kufikelela kwi-payday.
- Iimviwo zamazinyo nazo zenzeke kwishedyuli yexesha elimisiweyo. Abantu abangena kwiinyanga eziqhelekileyo ezintandathu zokuhlolwa kunye nokucocwa bahlala bekhathalele ngokucokisekileyo ukuba bahlambulule amazinyo phambi kokuvavanya, kodwa abanako ukunyamekela imihla ngemihla kwiinyanga ezintandathu phambi kovavanyo.
Iingcamango Zokugqibela
Iishedyuli zexesha elizinzileyo zingaba zixhobo ezibalulekileyo xa zifundisa ukuziphatha okutsha. Ngamanye amaxesha le shedyuli ivela ngokwemvelo, ngelixa ezinye izihlandlo zenziwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zilawulwa yimisitho yokuvuza. Ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lokuqulunqwa kweshedyuli ukufundisa indlela yokuziphatha, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indlela ishedyuli yexesha elimisiweyo elinokuchaphazela ngayo isantya sokufunda kunye nesantya sempendulo.