Ukuxhalabisa Okuqhelekileyo (GAD)

Ingqwalasela yeSifo esixhalabileyo sokuxhalabisa

Iziphazamiso zokukhathazeka zididi lweengxaki zengqondo ezahlula kwezinye iingxaki ngeendlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: ukwesaba nokuxhalabisa. Ukwesaba ngumvakalelo owenziwe ekuphenduleni isisongelo esisondeleyo (okwenene okanye esicatshulwayo). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuxhalabisa, ngesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo xa kulindeleke ingozi ezayo.

• Funda ngakumbi malunga nokwesaba nokuxhalabisa .

Ingxaki yokukhathazeka ngokuqhelekileyo (i-GAD) -ngaphezu kwegama layo-luhlobo oluthile lokukhathazeka kwengxaki.

Isici esiphawulekayo se-GAD sisigxina, sisigxina, kwaye sixhalabisa.

Izimpawu kunye neMpawu

Ukuhlangabezana neenqobo ze-GAD, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile kunye nokuxhalaba kufuneka kubekho uninzi lweentsuku ezingaphezulu kweentsuku ezingaphezulu kweenyanga ezintandathu.

Iimpawu zokukhathazeka ngokweqile ziquka:

• ukukhathazeka nangona kungekho nto engalunganga
• ukuxhalabisa ngesingozi esicatshulwa ngendlela engabalulekanga yingozi
• ukukhathazeka ngento ethile ininzi yexesha lakho lokuvuka

• Ukukhathazeka Okuxhalabileyo Okuqhelekileyo Kubantwana

• Kutheni i-Women in Higher Risk for Disaster Distress Disorder

• ukucela abanye ukuqinisekiswa malunga nenkxalabo yakho ethile, kodwa ukuqhubeka ukhathazeka ngeyiphi na
• xhalaba ukuba iinguqu ezivela kwesinye isihloko ukuya kwesinye

Ukukhathazeka kungabonakalisa ngokuhlukileyo kubantu abadala ngokubhekiselele kubantwana , kodwa kuzo zombini iimeko zithatha ukuba malunga neemeko zobomi okanye izixinzelelo (umzekelo, imiba yempilo, imiba yezezimali, ukuqala isikolo okanye umsebenzi).

Kubantu abanengxaki ye-GAD, ukukhathazeka kunzima ukulawula kwaye kudibaniswa neempawu ezininzi zomzimba okanye ezinokwazi ukuba:

• ukungazinzi okanye ubuhle
• ukukhathala
• ukuxilongoka (ngezinye iinkqubo ngeengxaki zememori )
• ukucaphuka (ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala kwabanye)

• ukuxhatshazwa kwemisipha okanye ubuhlungu
• ubuthongo obuthathaka

Abantu abaninzi abane-GAD nabo banamava amanqaku angabonakaliyo ekuxhalabeni ixesha elide, kuquka ukujuluka, isisu, okanye intloko ye-migraine . Abantwana kunye nentsha kunye ne-GAD banokufumana iimpawu ezincinane okanye eziqaphelayo kunabantu abadala.

Ukuxilongwa

I-GAD ingaba ngumngeni ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo kuba ukuxhalaba imeko yemoya elowo wonke umntu ufumana amaxesha ngamaxesha ekuphenduleni iingcinezelo zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Enyanisweni, ukuxhalaba ngokuthe ngcipheko kunokunceda kakhulu kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo- ngomzekelo, ukusinika iinjongo zokufumana izinto okanye ukuphendula izinto ezisongelayo ukhuseleko lwethu ukuba zenzeka.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-GAD kwenzeka, nangona kunjalo, xa uxinzelelo luwela umda wokugqithisa kwaye luhlala khona ixesha elide. Ukuxhalabisa, ukukhathazeka, okanye ezinye iimpawu kwenza kube ngumngeni omkhulu kumntu ukuzalisekisa uxanduva kwimihla ngemihla. Oku kunokubangela ukuxhatshazwa kobudlelwane bomntu okanye iingxaki emsebenzini okanye kwisikolo.

I-GAD ihlolwe ngokugqithiswa ngumfundi wengqondo yengqondo okanye ugqirha.

Ngexesha lovavanyo, ugqirha uyakukubuza malunga neempawu zakho kwaye ungasebenzisa isigwebo seklinikhi okanye amathuluzi okuhlola aqhelekileyo ukuze uhlalutyo. Unokucelwa ukuba ungene okanye unike ingxelo malunga nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba ngugqirha wezokwelapha ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu zomzimba nezengqondo azihambelani nezinye iingxaki zonyango.

Njengengxenye yophicotho olusisiseko, ugqirha wakho uza kucela uluhlu lwemibuzo malunga neempawu okanye iimpawu ezinokuthi zingasetyenziswa okanye zingasetyenziswa kuwe. Oku kungabandakanya imibuzo malunga nomoya wakho, ukuziphatha kokutya, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, okanye imbali yentlekele. Iimpendulo zakho ziza kunceda umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba alawule ezinye iingxaki zeengqondo okanye ugqibe ukuba iimpawu zakho zichazwe ngcono ngokuchazwa ngokuhlukileyo. Ukuthetha ngokukhululekile nomboneleli wakho kubaluleke kakhulu-kuyindlela efanelekileyo kunye ekhawulezayo yokufikelela kwisicwangciso sokunyanga esifanelekileyo kwaye ufumane uncedo kwimpawu zakho.

Ngubani ofumana i-GAD?

Abasetyhini banokuphindwa kabini ukuvelisa i-GAD ebomini babo njengabantu. Nangona umyinge weminyaka yobudala uneminyaka engama-31, kamva kunezinye iingxaki zokuxhalabisa, i-GAD ingenzeka nakwiyiphi na indawo kumjikelezo wobomi.

I-GAD iphakathi kweengxaki ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zengqondo ezincinci (kunye noxinzelelo lokuhlukana nokukhathazeka kweentlalo). Ukuphazamiseka kokuqala kokuxhalabisa kunokubangela ukuba abantwana kunye nentsha ibe mngcipheko omkhulu kwimiba yezinye iingxaki zengqondo xa bekhulile. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumanisa kwangaphambili kunye nokungenelela kunokubangelwa ukukhululwa okuphawulekayo okanye okupheleleyo kunye kwaye kunokukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwezinye iingxaki kamva ebomini.

Funda kabanzi malunga neempawu kunye neempawu ze-GAD kubantwana nakwishumi kunye nendlela le meko iphathwa ngayo kubantu abatsha .

I-GAD yinto eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokukhathazeka kubantu abadala. I-GAD entsha ye-GAD kubantu asebekhulile ixhomekeke kwixinzelelo. Kule nqanaba leminyaka, i-GAD imele ibe yinto engaphantsi kweso sifundo kwaye iphinde ihlawulwe ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi . Nangona kunjalo, njengoko intsimi yokugula kwengqondo ikhula, ngokunjalo uphando malunga ne-GAD kubantu abadala kunye nezo kunyango (kuquka iindlela zokunqoba izithintelo eziqhelekileyo zokunakekelwa kwempilo yengqondo).

• Ngolunye ulwazi malunga nokuhla kwezinga le-GAD, funda le post .

• Indlela Yokuyeka Ukucinga Ngomlingo Kwi-Generalized Disxiety Disorder

• Indlela Ukufunda Ukungenakunceda Kungenza Izinto Zingabonakali

Yintoni ebangela i-GAD?

Njengayezinye izifo zengqondo, i-GAD kucingelwa ukuba ivele kwimeko ethile yezinto eziphilayo kunye neendawo eziphilayo .

Into ebalulekileyo yezinto zezinto eziphilayo zinobutyebi bezofuzo . Kuqikelelwa ukuba enye yesithathu yomngcipheko wokufumana i-GAD iyimvelo, kodwa izifo zengqondo zingase zenzeke nezinye izixhala kunye neengxaki zengqondo (ingakumbi ukudakumba okukhulu ).

Isimiso sinye into edibeneyo ne-GAD. Iimpawu zibhekiselele kwiimpawu zobuntu ezivame ukubhekwa njengezingenangqiqo (kwaye ngoko zinokuthi zidibeneyo). Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo eziyaziwayo ukuba zinxulumene ne-GAD zibandakanya ukukhuselwa ngengozi, ukungathandabuzeki (okanye ukuthambekela kokuba nesimo sengqondo esingathandekiyo), kunye nokukhubazeka kokuziphatha.

Ayikho imicimbi ethile yendalo okanye iimeko eziphathekayo eziye zachongwa njengezodwa okanye eziyimfuneko ukudala i-GAD. Nangona kunjalo, imimandla yendalo yongqinelana ne-GAD ibandakanya (kodwa ayinakuphela):

• ukujonga ukukhathazeka rhoqo ngamalungu entsapho
• bazali abangabikho
• imodeli yokujongana noxinzelelo ngokuxhalabisa
• ukuchazwa kwimeko engaphephile (kuquka ukuhlukumezeka)
• ixesha loxinzelelo olude

Kwakhona, akukho nanye into-i-biological okanye imvelo-iyaqondwa ukuba ibangele i-GAD. Kunoko, ukuphazamiseka kucatshangelwa ukuba kubangelwa "isiqhwithi esipheleleyo sogxininiso lwendalo esingqongileyo esenzeka kumntu onomdla wokuxhalabisa.

Indlela yokugula

Abantu abanama-GAD baya kudla ngokuzichaza njengento abazixhalabileyo okanye ngokubhekiselele kuninzi lwabomi babo. Imbonakalo yeempawu ibonakala ihambelana namaqela eminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo wokuxhalaba uthambekele ekutshintsheni ubomi bonke. Abantu abancinci banokukhathazeka ngakumbi malunga nesikolo kunye nokusebenza, ngelixa abantu abadala begxininisa ngakumbi kwimpilo yenyama, iimali kunye nentlalo yentsapho.

Kwabo badibana nomngcipheko wokuxilongwa ngokusemthethweni, iimpawu zihlala zihlala zingapheliyo, kodwa ukuba zixakeke kwaye zixhamle phakathi kweefom epheleleyo kunye neyesiqhelo se-disorder-kulo lonke ixesha lokuphila. Nangona ixabiso lokuxolelwa liphantsi kakhulu, iimpawu ze-GAD ziyaziwa ngokuphucula kakhulu xa ziphathwa nge- psychotherapy okanye ngamachiza . Unyango lunokunika izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukunceda abantu abane-GAD ngempumelelo baphendule ixesha elilandelayo lokuxinzelela okuphezulu nokuguquka.

Iziganeko eziManyeneyo

Akuqhelekanga kubantu ngabanye abane-GAD ukuhlangabezana nemigqaliselo yesinye isifo seengqondo ngexesha lokuphila kwabo. Ukuba iziphazamiso ezininzi zenzeka ngexesha elifanayo zibhekiswa njengeemeko ezidibeneyo. Inkxalabo eqhelekileyo yokubambisana kunye nokudakumba . Nangona kunjalo, i-subset enkulu yabantu abajamelana ne-GAD kunye neengxaki zokuxhalabisa.

• Funda kabanzi malunga nokuhlukana phakathi kwe-GAD kunye nokudakumba , ukukhathazeka kweentlalo kunye nokukhathazeka okunyanzelekileyo .

Unyango

Uphulo lwe-GAD luwela ngokukodwa kwenye yeentlobo zintathu: amayeza , unyango lwe- psychotherapy , kunye nokuzinceda . Iinjongo zonyango naluphi ukubanceda abantu abanenkinga bazive bengcono ngokwengqondo nangokwengqondo, kwaye benze kube lula ukubandakanya ngokugcwele ubudlelwane, emsebenzini okanye esikolweni, okanye kwezinye iimeko apho kwakunzima ukukhathazeka ngaphambili. Uphando lwezokwelapha luqhubeka kwaye lukhuthaza, ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele ekuncedeni kweendlela ezifana ne yoga kunye nengqondo . Ngenxa yokuba uxhalaba luyingxenye yendalo yoluntu kunye nokunyangwa kwe-GAD kubonakala kunika iingenelo ezininzi kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kwanokuba abantu abanamaxhala aphantsi-bakala bangenelwa unyango.

• Funda ukuze ufumane uluvo olubanzi lwezonyango ze-GAD .

Ukuba sele usandululwe ngokutsha kunye ne-GAD

Ukufumana ukuxilongwa kwe-GAD-okanye nayiphina ingxaki yengqondo-kuyisinyathelo esibalulekileyo ekujongeni uzive kakuhle kuba utyando luya kusetyenziswa ukukhokela iingcebiso zonyango. Ukuthatha inxaxheba ngentshisekelo kwingxoxo kunye noxilongo ekufumaneni unyango lwakho kwaye uvavanye indawo efanelekileyo yokuqala.

Ukuba ucinga ngonyango lwe-psychotherapy njengonyango lokuqala, zifundise malunga neendlela ezisisiseko esinjengeengcali zonyango kunye nokwamkelwa nokuzibophezela kunye nokuba ungathini (kwaye awukwazi) ukulindela kwinkqubo yonyango yonxibelelwano.

Ukuba unomdla kwisilingo samachiza ukuphatha iimpawu zakho ze-GAD, thetha nommiselo wakho ukuba wenze isigqibo malunga nokukhetha. Uya kukunceda uhlolisise ingozi kunye neenzuzo zokuthatha iyeza elitsha ngokubhekiselele kwimbali yakho yezonyango kunye neengqondo.

• Funda apha ukuze ufunde ngokubanzi malunga nendlela yokuthatha amayeza e-psychotropic ngokukhuselekileyo .

Ukuba Othandekayo Unalo

Ukuphila nomntu ohlala nokuxhalaba kunemiqobo, kodwa kukho iindlela ezininzi ezinokukunceda ukubandakanya ukufunda ngeengxaki, ukuphazamisa ukuphepha, ukukhawulela ukuziphatha okuqinisekisayo, kunye nokunyanzela impumelelo emikhulu nakancinci. Ukuba unomntwana oxhalabileyo okanye osemtsha, hlola ezinye iinkalo ezikhethekileyo zokunceda abatsha abane-GAD .

Kuyakuthi, ngokwenene, ube nemida kwiindlela onokuyiluncedo kumthandayo wakho ne-GAD. Yilona xa kubaluleke kakhulu kumntu wakho othandekayo ukusebenzisa izixhobo zonyango (okt, iiklinikhi) ezikhoyo kubo. Ukuba wakho umthandayo unqwenela ukufumana unyango lwexhala, okanye ungayiqondi ubunzima beengxaki, khangela umzuzu ozolileyo ukuba ube nengxoxo engenakugwetywa malunga nendlela unyango lunokuba yindlela yokuziva ngcono ngayo, ngokukhawuleza .

• Funda kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezongezelelweyo zokuzama.

ILizwi

Umngeni we-GAD kukuba ukuxhalaba kuyimvakalelo ekhoyo (kwaye ihlala iyanceda), kwaye ngoko kunokuba nzima ukuba ukwazi ukuba xa uxhalabile uye wadlula umgca "kuninzi." Noko ke, ukuba ukukhathazeka kuqhubekeka, kungabi nako ukulawula, kwaye kuyahambelana iimpawu zokukhathazeka ngokomzimba, kubalulekile ukufuna ukubonisana neengcali zempilo yengqondo ukuze ubone ukuba yintoni, kwaye ufunde iindlela ezintsha zokujamelana neengcinezelo zaluphi na ubukhulu.

> Imithombo:

> I-American Psychiatric Association. Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zengqondo (umxholo wesihlanu). IWashington, DC: Umbutho wama-American Psychiatric; 2013.

> Craske MG, Barlow, DH. Ubuchule bokuxhalabisa kwakho kunye neNcwadi yokuSebenza yokukhathazeka (2 edition). KuDH Barlow (Umhla.) Unyango osebenzayo . ENew York: I-Oxford University Press, ngo-2006.

> Kahl KG, Ubusika L, Schweiger U. Ingqungquthela yesithathu yeengqondo zokuziphatha: Yintoni entsha kunye nento ephumelelayo? Curr. Opin. Psychiatry. 2012; 25, 522-528.

> Mackenzie CS, uReynolds K, Cho, KL, Pagura J, Sareen, J. Ukuqhathaniswa kunye ne-correlates yengxaki yokukhathazeka jikelele kwi-sampula kazwelonke yabantu abadala. I-American Journal ye-Geriatric Psychiatry 2011; 19: 305-315.

> Mohatt J, uBennett SM, i-Walkup JT. (2014). Unyango lolwahlulo, ukusabalalisa, kunye neengxaki zokuxhalaba kwentlalo kulutsha. Ngaba iJ Psychiatry, 171: 741-748.