Ukuqonda i-GAD
Ixhala lini na ixesha lokuba nexhala lexhala? Ingxaki yokuxhalabisa ngokubanzi (i-GAD) ichazwa ngabaqeqeshi bezempilo yengqondo kwiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities, 5 Edition okanye i- DSM-5 efutshane. Le ncwadana ivumela bonke ababoneleli bezempilo kunye neengqondo ukuba basebenzise imigaqo efanayo xa bevavanya kwaye banceda bakwazi ukuxilongwa kwe-GAD okanye ezinye izimo zengqondo.
Funda indlela umniki wakho osebenzisa ngayo ezi zixhobo zokubhala kunye nokuhlola ukuxilonga i-GAD.
Iimpawu zoKhathazeka ngokuKhathazeka ngokuKhuselekileyo ukusuka kwi-DSM-5
Iimfuno ze- DSM-5 ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-GAD zilandelayo:
1. Ubukho bexhalaxhala kunye nokukhathazeka ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo, iziganeko, okanye imisebenzi. Ukukhathazeka kwenzeka kaninzi kunokuba ubuncinane ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezili-6 kwaye kucacile ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukuxhalabisa ngokweqile kuthetha ukuxhalaba nangona kungekho nto iphosakeleyo okanye ngendlela engafanelekanga kwingozi. Oku kubandakanya ukuchitha ipesenteji ephakamileyo yeeyure ezikhuphayo ezixhalabileyo malunga nento ethile. Ukuxhalabisa kunokuhamba kunye nokufunwa ukuqinisekiswa kwabanye.
Kubantu abadala, ukukhathazeka kunokuba malunga noxanduva lomsebenzi okanye ukusebenza, impilo yakho okanye impilo yamalungu entsapho, imiba yezemali, kunye neminye imihla, imeko yezobuhlobo. Ingqalelo, kubantwana, ukukhathazeka kunokwenzeka ukuba ngaba ngamakhono abo okanye umgangatho wabo wokusebenza (umzekelo, esikolweni).
2. Ukuxhalabisa okunzima kunzima kakhulu ukulawula. Ukukhathazeka kubabini abadala kunye nabantwana banokutshintsha ukusuka kwesinye isihloko ukuya kwesinye.
3. Ukuxhalabisa kunye nokuxhalabisa kubandakanyeka ubuncinane kwezi zilandelayo zibonakaliso zomzimba okanye ezinengqiqo (kubantwana, uphawu olulodwa kuphela luyimfuneko yokuxilongwa kwe-GAD):
- Ukulungiswa okanye ukungazinzi
- Ukukhathala kalula; zixhala ngaphezu kwe siqhelo
- Ukuxinwa okanye ukuvakalelwa kukuba unengqondo
- Ukutshatyalaliswa (okungenzeka okanye kungabonakali kwabanye)
- Ukwandisa imisipha yomzimba okanye ubuhlungu
- Ubunzima bokulala (ngenxa yenkathazo yokulala okanye ukulala, ukungazinzi ebusuku, okanye ukulala okunganeliseki)
Abantu abaninzi abane-GAD nabo bafumana iimpawu ezinjenge-sweating, i-nausea, okanye urhudo.
- Ukuxhalabisa, ukukhathazeka, okanye iimpawu ezinxulumene kwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye noxanduva. Zingabangela iingxaki ebuhlotsheni , emsebenzini okanye kwezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo.
- Ezi zimpawu azihambelani naziphi na ezinye iimeko zonyango kwaye azikwazi ukuchazwa ngumphumo wezinto ezibandakanya imithi yonyango, utywala, okanye iziyobisi zokuzonwabisa.
- Ezi zimpawu azichazekanga zichazwe yintlupheko yengqondo eyahlukileyo.
Ukuvavanya iimpawu ze-GAD
Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba ngaba wena okanye umntwana wakho unokuthi uhlupheke kwi-GAD, cinga ukugqiba isicatshulwa esifutshane se-inthanethi kubantu abadala okanye kubantwana abanikezelwa yi-Association of Depression and Depress of America (ADAA) kunye nokuthetha neengcali zempilo yengqondo okanye ugqirha wakho. .
Ugqirha wakho uya kuhlangana nawe kwaye abuze malunga neempawu zakho ngendlela evulekile.
Basebenzisa imilinganiselo yokuxilonga, ukuhlolwa okulinganiselweyo, kunye nesigwebo sabo sekliniki ukulungiselela ukuxilongwa. Unokuphinda uceliwe ukuba ugcwalise imibuzo yombuzo. Amanyathelo amancinci amancinci angakunceda ukufumanisa ukuxilongwa (njengoko i- Distributed Disorder Disorder Scale-7 yenza) okanye ubunzima beempawu.
Izixhobo zoVavanyo eziQiniselelweyo
Kwiinkqubo zonyango ezikhethekileyo, njengengxaki yekliniki yokukhathazeka, ngamanye amaxesha amathuluzi okuhlola aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ukuhlola iimpawu. Kule meko, ugqirha wakho unika udliwano-ndlebe oluhleliweyo. Udliwano-ndlebe luyakwazi ukuquka i-set of questions, kwaye iimpendulo zakho ziza kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba enze uvavanyo oluchanekileyo.
Udliwano-ndlebe olusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nolwazi oluvakalayo lokuxilongwa ngabantu abadala lubandakanya i- Interview Structured Clinical Interviews ye-DSM Disorders (SCID) kunye nokuxhalabisa kunye nokuxhatshazwa okuhambelana neShedyuli ye-DSM-5 (ADIS-5). Kukho ingcaciso yomntwana we-ADIS, apho umzali nomntwana abuzwa malunga neempawu zomntwana. Olu dliwano ndlebe luhlola kwakhona ubukho bezinye iimeko ezinxulumene nokudandatheka.
ILizwi
Khumbula, i-GAD yimeko ephilileyo. Akukho mfuneko kuwe (okanye umntwana wakho) ukukhathazeka ngokuthula. Unyango, ngokukodwa ukhathazeka kwengqondo , ukuncedisa ukuncedisa okanye ezinye iindlela zokwelapha , ziya kukufundisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokujamelana nokuxhalaba kwakho . Kukho neyeza ezinokukunceda ngokuxhalabisa.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (Intetho yesihlanu). IWashington, DC: Umbutho wama-American Psychiatric; 2013.
> Brown, TA, Barlow DH. Amanyango asebenzayo: Ukuxhalabisa kunye neengxaki ezichaphazelekayo IShedyuli yoHlolo lwe-DSM-5. ENew York: i-Oxford University Press, ngo-2014.
> Okokuqala MB, Williams JBW, Benjamin LS, Spitzer RL, kuqala MB. I-SCID-5-PD: I-Interviews yeNtlaba-nzulu ye-DSM-5® Personality Disorders. Arlington, VA: I-American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2016.