Iziphazamiso ezixhalabisayo azicalucaluli ngeminyaka.
Iziphazamiso ezixhalabisayo ziye zacingwa njengeengxaki zobuntwana kunye nokukhula kwabantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhaphaka kwezixinzelelo ezixhalabisayo phakathi kwabantu abadala abadala kubangama-10% ukuya kuma-20%, okwenza le nkalo yeengxaki ixhaphake ngaphezu kwezinye iimeko eziqhelekileyo eziphelileyo zengqondo zengqondo ezinjenge-dementia okanye ukudandatheka.
Ubomi obungasemva
Ukuqala kwezifo ezixhalabisayo (GAD) ngokukodwa kuya kwenzeka nakweyiphi na indawo kumjikelezo wobomi; Umyinge weminyaka yobudala uneminyaka engama-31 ubudala.
Kuzo zonke iingxaki zokuxhalabisa, nangona kunjalo, i-GAD imele ibe yinto eqhelekileyo ebomini bexesha elide kunye noqikelelo kwiqela elidala elidala elivela kwi-1% -7%.
Ukuxhaphaka kwaso kubantu asebekhulile bangabonakalisa ukunyaniseka kweGAD; Abantu abadala abanobunzima bokukhathazeka ngokubanzi banokufumana ukuphindaphinda kweempawu kwizigaba eziphakathi kunye nakwimigangatho yobomi. Ukuqala okutsha kwe-GAD kubantu abadala asebekhulile kudla ngokumalunga nokudandatheka okukhoyo.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-GAD ebomini bombalwa kunokuba nzima nakwizinto ezininzi:
- Abantu abadala abadala bangabonisa iimpawu zabo ngokwahlukileyo kunabantu abaselula. Basenokuthi baveze iimpawu zokukhathazeka ngokulula ngaphezu kweempawu zeengqondo.
- Ubungqina bonyango lwezonyango (ubunzima obunyukisayo kunye nobudala) luyingozi eyaziwayo yokukhathazeka ngokuxhalabisa.
- Abantu asebekhulile banamathuba amaninzi kunokuba abantu abadala abadala bathathe amachiza amaninzi. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zokukhathazeka zingase zithinteke ngemiphumo emibi yonyango, kuyakunceda ukubeka ingqalelo kwizinto ezibangelwayo kunye nexesha leempawu zeempawu njengoko zixhomekeke kwiishedyuli zamachiza okanye utshintsho ngokubhekiselele kwezinye izixinzelelo.
Ngaphantsi kweThutyana
I-GAD, ngelishwa, iphathwe kakubi kumdala. Ukuxilongwa okungafanelekanga yisinye sezizathu zolu, kodwa enye inokufikelela okanye ukukwazi ukufumana unyango. Phakathi kwabantu abadala abadala abaphila nale ngxaki, kuqikelelwa ukuba kuphela malunga nekota-nye bafuna uncedo lwezobuchule kwiimpawu zabo.
Isinyathelo sokuqala kwisicatshungululo sokuxilonga singabandakanya ukuthetha nodokotela wangoku - mhlawumbi ugqirha wezonyango lokuqala okanye ugqirha obandakanyekayo kunyango lwezempilo. Ukuthunyelwa kovavanyo olubanzi kunye nomboneleli wempilo yengqondo unokulandela.
Ionyango ezifumanekayo kwi-GAD kubantu abadala abancinci, okubandakanya amayeza kunye nokhetho lwe- psychotherapy , abazange bafundwe ngokucacileyo kwizilingo ezilawulwa ngandlela-thile zabantu abadala. Iziphumo ezivela kwizifundo zonyango ngezifo ezixhalabileyo ezigqityiweyo kwiisampulu zabantu abadala abadala kunye nezilingo ezikhoyo kubantu asebekhulile ngokubanzi baxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza okuxhalabisa abantu.
Kukho ubungqina bokuthi indlela yokusebenza kwengqondo eyayisetyenziswa kwimpembelelo ye-GAD kwabantwana nakubantu abadala, ukunyanga kwengqondo yokuziphatha (CBT), inceda abantu abadala. Ukuguqulwa kunye nokuphuculwa kwi-CBT - umzekelo, ukusebenzisa iincwadi ezinkulu zokuprinta zemfundo nokuhambisa unyango kwifomathi yeqela - bonisa isithembiso malunga nenye inzuzo kweli qela leminyaka. Ukujongana nemingcipheko kwonyango kuquka ukuhamba kunye nokufikelela, iindlela zokuncedisa ezizikhokelo ezivela kwimigaqo ye-CBT ziphantsi kokufunda.
Iingxelo
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Mackenzie CS, uReynolds K, Cho, KL, Pagura J, Sareen, J. Ukuqhathaniswa kunye ne-correlates yesifo sokuxhalabisa ngokubanzi kwi-sampuli kazwelonke yabantu abadala. I-American Journal ye-Geriatric Psychiatry 2011; 19: 305-315.
UWolitzky-Taylor KB, u-Castriotta N, uLenze, EJ, uStanley MA, iCraske MG. Iingxaki zokukhathazeka kubantu abadala abadala: uhlolo olubanzi. Ukuxinezeleka nokuxhalabisa ngo- 2010; 27 (2): 190-211.