Ingxaki yokukhathazeka ngokuqhelekileyo (GAD) kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuxhalabisa- ukuxhalabisa uxhala kunye nokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle- ziphakathi kweengxaki eziqhelekileyo zengqondo kwiintsha. Kuyafana nokuqikelelwa komntu omdala, amantombazana athatheka kabini njengoko abafana beba ne-GAD.
Iimpawu ze-GAD zixinzelele kwaye zingabonakali nje kuphela kumntwana okanye kumfana; intsapho yonke (abazali kunye nabantwana babo) banokuchaphazeleka.
Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukuphazamiseka kokuqala kokukhathazeka kubeka abantwana kunye nabasemngciphekweni kwiingxaki ekudala (kuquka ukuxhalaba, ukukhathazeka, kunye neengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi). Iindaba ezilungileyo kuzo zonke ezi zinto kukuba xa zifumaniswe kwangaphambili, abaninzi abantwana kunye nentsha baya kuba nokuphucula okukhulu, ukuba kungenako ukuphucula kwiimpawu zabo. Uphulo lwangaphambili lunokuthintela uphuhliso lweengxaki zeengqondo kamva.
Izimpawu kunye neMpawu
I-GAD ibonisa okufanayo kubantwana, abaselula kunye nabantu abadala. Ulwahlulo oluphambili lokuxilonga (okt, umyinge ofunekayo ukudibana ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa ngokusemthethweni) (1) ukuba abantwana kunye nentsha banokukhathazeka ngakumbi ngamakhono abo okanye umgangatho wabo wokusebenza (esikolweni okanye kwimisebenzi yesikhashana, umzekelo) ngaphezu uluhlu olubanzi lwezihloko kunye (2) uxhalaba lwabo ludinga kuphela ukudibaniswa nengxaki enye.
Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zokuxhalabisa okubonakalayo:
- Ukugxininisa, ukuxhalabisa, kunzima ukulawula iingcamango malunga nemibandela yokuphila kwangempela kunye nokukhathazeka okuqhubekayo malunga neziganeko ezinobungozi, ezinokwenzeka.
- Ukukhathazeka kukuba kuninzi ngokwenza izinto ngokugqibeleleyo ngenxa yeso sizathu, kunokuba abanye bayakucinga. Oku kufezekisa kunokuqhuba ukuziphatha okufana nokufunda ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ukuqhuba ngokugqithiseleyo (umz., Ezemidlalo, izixhobo zomculo), ukugcina ixesha.
- Ukuqinisekiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo okufunayo kwisilingo sokunciphisa ukwesaba. Esi siqinisekiso, xa sifumaneka, asihlali sanele okanye siphile ixesha elifutshane kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukukhathazeka kuyaqhubeka.
- Izikhalazo ezingokwenyama ezifana neentloko, iziqhumane, ukhathala (ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yobunzima bokulala).
- Ukuxhalabisa kunokukhokelela ekuthungeni, ukuxubha, ukunyaniseka, okanye ukungazinzi okungafanelekanga kwiminyaka yokukhula komntwana.
- Ukuxhalabisa kunokukhokelela ekukhuseleni.
Kanye njengabantu abadala, kunokuba nzima ukuxelela ukuba uxhalaba lukhulu kangakanani . Ngokuqhelekileyo, abatsha abanamava e-GAD banenkxalabo eninzi, iintsuku ezingaphezulu kunjalo, kwiinyanga ekupheleni. Nangona kunjalo, impawu ezinobunzima zifanelekile ukusebenzisana nomntwana okanye umntwana osemtsha ukuseka izicwangciso zokubhekana nokunyamezela (kunye mhlawumbi nokukhusela iingxaki ezizayo).
Ukufumana Uncedo: Iimpawu zokuQala
Ukuba unomdla wokuba umntwana wakho (nangaliphi na ubudala) unzima neengxaki zokuxhalabisa njenge-GAD, ngoko isinyathelo sokuqala siza kuvavanywa nonyango. Kwimeko yabantwana abancinci kunye nentsha, iya kuba ngabazali ukuthetha ngeengxaki ngeengxaki zabantwana bezingane okanye ukusetyundela ukuqeshwa kwengcali yengqondo yengqondo. Oku kungaba nguthambo wezifo zengqondo, isazi sengqondo sengqondo, uonontlalontle, okanye umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo . Khangela ugqirha onamava ekusebenzeni nezigulane ezincinci; Ezi ngcali ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa ulwimi lwenkobe yakho ziya kuqonda, ukuphucula ulwalamano oluhle, nokuvavanya uphuhliso (ngokufanelekileyo) lweempawu ezithile.
Njengengxenye yolu vavanyo, ugqirha uya kufuna ukuva kumntwana wakho nakuwe. Unokulungiselela ukuqeshwa ngokubeka izibonelo zokuziphatha ngokubhekiselele ekuziphatheni (ikakhulukazi ezo zimela utshintsho ukusuka kwindlela umntwana osebenza ngayo), njengoku: ukuhlaziywa kwiintsilelo ezincinane okanye ezibonakalayo (umzekelo, ukufumana i-B + kwi-quiz), ukufunda ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ukuqhuba ngokweqile, ukuphepha isikolo, nokufuna ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuqinisekiswa. Ukuba umntwana wakho uthe waxhalabisa, bhala inqaku. Yenza amanqaku akho kunye nawe xa udibana nodokotela.
Ukufumana i-kliniki ofanelekileyo, khangela iinkonzo zokudlulisa iquka uMbutho weZenzo zokuziphatha kunye neengqondo, i-American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, okanye i-Anxiety and Depression Association.
Okanye, thetha nodokotela wakho wangoku malunga nokufuna uvavanyo lwengqondo kunye nomboneleli wezempilo.
Imithombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (Ingqungquthela yesihlanu)
UMohatt J, uBennett SM, iWalkup JT. Ukunyangwa koKwahlukana, ukuKhathazeka koLuntu, kunye neNtlalo yokuXhalabisa kwiNtlalo. IJ Psychiatry . 2014; 171: 741-748.