Ukunyanzelisa ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo okanye izenzo zengqondo umntu uqhutyelwa ukuba asebenze ngokuphendulela okanye ngokulandela imithetho egxininisiweyo kwaye enye yezona zimbonakaliso ezibalulekileyo ze-Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, isifo sengqondo esichaphazela malunga ne-1% -2% labantu.
Akunjalo konke ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo okanye iinkqubo zinyanzeliso, nangona kunjalo.
Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi abantu banemigqaliselo yasekuseni, imihla yokulala, okanye umyalelo apho bahlamba imihla ngemihla, ephakathi kweendlela "eziqhelekileyo" nokusebenza ngenjongo ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke. Ngokufanayo, abo bahleleke ngokukhethekileyo okanye behle ngendlela abakhetha ngayo ukugcina indawo yabo kwaye bafumana le ndlela ngendlela enhle, abanalo i-OCD nokuba yile-mfanelo yobuntu.
Kwi-OCD, ukunyanzeliswa kudla ixesha kwaye kuhambisane nokuxakeka okukhulu. Izigulane ziqhutyelwa ngokukhawuleza ukwenzela ukunciphisa okanye ukunciphisa uxhalaba, ukunyaniseka, okanye uxinzelelo, okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko obonwayo ochaphazelekayo okanye ukukhusela isiphumo esisongayo (oko kukuthi into enokuthi yenzeke) ihambelana nokugqithisa (okuphindaphindiweyo, iingcinga eziqhubekayo, ezingenakufunwa, iimifanekiso, okanye izibongozo ezibangela uxhala okanye uxinzelelo). Izibambiso zingaphinde ziqhutywe ngongxongxongo lwangaphakathi kunye nomvakalelo wokuziphatha okumele kwenziwe ukuba uzive ukuba "lungile."
Izibambiso eziqhelekileyo
- Ukuhlamba / ukucocwa (umzekelo, ukuhlamba izandla okanye enye inxalenye yomzimba ngendlela ethile, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwezicoco / isepha / ezinye izinto zokucoca, ukuhlambulula ngokweqile okanye iindlela zokungcebeleka, ukucocwa okuninzi kwezinto okanye izinto kwiimeko zendalo, ezinye izinto ezijoliswe ekususeni iintsholongwane / ukungcola / ukungcola); ngokuqhelekileyo ekuphenduleni ukugqithisa okubandakanya iigciwane / ukungcola
- Ukuhlola (umzekelo, nayiphi na indlela yokujonga ukuziphatha okwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntu akazange / akayi kuzingcolisa okanye abanye, enze iphutha okanye enze into ebonakalayo engabonakaliyo okanye yokuziphatha okubi; kunye nabanye).
- Iimfundiso Zengqondo (umzekelo, ukucinga ngezinto zokucacisa okanye ukuzama ukuqonda okanye ukuqonda kangcono into ethile, ukuphononongwa kwengqondo yeemeko / ukunxibelelana, ukuthandazela ukuthintela ingozi, ukubala ngendlela ethile okanye kwinani elithile, ukuvakalisa - ngokuvakalayo okanye engqondweni - igama elithile okanye ibinzana elivakalelwa "elungileyo" ukuze litshintshe okanye "lungise" into evakalelwa "imbi", ucinge umfanekiso "olungileyo" ukutshintsha umfanekiso "omubi".)
- Ukuphindaphinda (umzekelo, ukuphindaphinda ukufunda, ukuphinda ubhale kwakhona, ukuphindaphinda izenzo / imisebenzi, ukuphindaphinda ukunyakaza komzimba, ukwenza isenzo inani elithile lexesha).
- UkuLawula / Ukulungiswa (umz., Ukuyalela okanye ukulungiselela de ukuba ivakale "ngokufanelekileyo")
- Kufuneka Uxelele - (umz., Ukuxelela okanye ukuvuma ngokubanzi, iinkcukacha ezingenasici, iingxelo zokungaqiniseki ukuze uqiniseke ukuba umntu uchanekile kwaye akaqambi amanga).
- Iimfundiso zoMgaqo-nkqubo weNdalo / ukuziphatha (umz., Ukuziphatha okuqinileyo okuqhutyelwayo ukuze kuphile ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu ezithile-ezifana nezenzo ezinxulumene nenkolo, ukukhathazeka kwendalo, impilo kunye nokuphila).
- Olunye "Ulungelo Lwesokudla" / Ii-Compretsions ezihambelanayo neeTic - (umzekelo, ukubala, ukulinganisa / ukuhlwa, ukulungiselela, ukuyalela, ukumisa, ukuthintela, nokubetha); kungabikho miphumo ephosakeleyo okanye esicatshulwayo eqhuba izi ziphatha, kodwa kunoko, uxinzelelo olunzulu kunye / okanye ingqondo yengqondo okanye ukungathandeki, kudla ngokuchazwa njengento engafanelekanga okanye "engalungile" ekhutshwa yihambo.
- Ukuphepheka (umz., Ukuphepha ukukhuphaza ukukhathazeka okunxulumene nokunyaniseka ukwenzela ukunciphisa ingozi okanye ukunciphisa uxhala okanye uxinzelelo)
Iimpawu zokuxilonga
Ukuzikhethela phakathi kwe-"Obsessive Compulsive and Disorders" kwiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities, I-Fifth Edition ( iDSM-5 ), imigaqo yokuxilonga ibandakanya:
- Ubuninzi bezinto zokuzila, ukunyanzelisa, okanye zombini
- Ukuqaphela kuchazwa ngokuthi:
- Ukuqwalasela kuchazwa ngentsingiselo ephindaphindiweyo, eqhubekayo, engathandekiyo, engafunekiyo, imifanekiso, okanye izibongozo ezibangela uxhalaba okanye uxinzelelo
- Iinzame zokungawunaki okanye ukuwunciphisa ezo zinto okanye ukuzinciphisa ngokwenza uxinzelelo
- Izigqibo zichazwe njenge:
- Ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo okanye izenzo zengqondo umntu uqhutyelwa ukuba asebenze ekuphenduleni ukunyanzelisa okanye ngokulandela imithetho egunyazisiweyo
- Ukuziphatha okanye iingqondo zenzelwe ukunciphisa uxhalaba okanye uxinzelelo, okanye ukukhusela isiphumo esisongayo; Nangona kunjalo, zigqithise ngokugqithiseleyo okanye azixhunyiwe ngendlela echanekileyo kwizinto ezijoliswe ukujongana nazo
- Ukugqithiselwa okanye ukunyanzeliswa kukuchitha ixesha (umzekelo, thabatha ngaphezu kweyure nganye ngosuku) okanye kubangela ukucinezeleka okukhulu okanye ukukhubazeka kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla
- Iimpawu ezingcono zingabangelwa yimiphumo yomzimba yesifo, imeko yonyango okanye enye ingxaki yengqondo
- Kuphawulwe ukuba abantu banokuba neengqiqo ezilungileyo / ezifanelekileyo okanye ezingekho kakuhle kwiimpawu zabo. Ukuba ingqiqo ephosakeleyo, iimpawu zomntu zingabonakala ziphosakeleyo kwimvelo. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba iimpawu ezinokuthi zibandakanyeke ngokumalunga nemvelo ukuba isigulane sinomdla weengxaki ze-tic.
- Ukuqaphela kuchazwa ngokuthi:
> Ukufunda okuphakanyisiweyo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities Disorders, Uhlobo lwesihlanu. 5th. IWashington, DC: Umbutho wama-American Psychiatric; 2013: 251-4.
> Goodman, WK, Price, LH, Rasmussen, SA et al: "I-Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale." IArch Gen Psychiatry 46: 1006-1011,1989.
> Mansueto, CS & Keuler, DJ (2005). Tic okanye ukunyanzeliswa? Ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha, 29 (5): 784-799.